The aim of this research is to analyze the effects of mass transfer on second grade fluid flow subjected to the heat transfer incorporated with the relaxation time to reach the state of equilibrium ...on or after the state of upheaval. A new heat model namely Cattaneo–Christov heat flux comprising the relaxation time is employed instead of very commonly used mundane model based on classical theory of heat flux. Flow is considered towards stretching cylinder in the existence of external magnetic field. Suitable transformations are first used to deduce the momentum, heat and concentration equations and are then solved analytically. The effects of physical quantities such as fluid parameter, magnetic field, Schmidt number, relaxation time, curvature parameter, Prandtl number and chemical reaction on momentum, temperature and concentration profile are examined graphically whereas for validation of results convergence analysis along with residual error are obtained numerically. A comparison of obtained results is also given with the existing literature as a limiting case of reported problem and are found an excellent agreement. The temperature profile indicates thinning effect for higher values of Prandtl number and relaxation time. It is also noted that the velocity increases with increasing values of fluid parameter whereas it declines for the case of magnetic field. This study can be used an application of central heating system and to measure the fast chemical reactions rates.
•The effects of mass transfer on second grade fluid flow over a stretching cylinder is investigated.•Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model is utilized.•The magnetic field is also taken into account.•Impact of sundry parameters are examined via graphs and tables.
We have explored theoretically the Hall and ion slip impacts on an unsteady laminar MHD convective rotating flow of heat generating or absorbing second grade fluid over a semi-infinite vertical ...moving permeable surface. The non-dimensional equations for the governing flow are solved to the most excellent possible investigative solution using perturbation methodology. The effects of parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration are demonstrated graphically and described in detail. For engineering curiosity, the shear stresses, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are obtained analytically, represented computationally in a tabular format as well as explained with respect to foremost parameters. It is concluded that, the resultant velocity is increased with an increasing in Hall and ion slip parameters throughout fluid region. The thermal and solutal buoyancy forces contribute to the resultant velocity ever-increasing to high. The temperature distribution is trim downs through an increasing in heat source parameter. The concentration is reduced with an increase in the chemical reaction parameter in the entire fluid region. Rotation parameter is to diminish the skin friction, whereas it is augmented through an increase of the Hall and ion slip effects. The rate of mass transfer is increased with increasing chemical reaction parameter.
Background: Empowering students by teaching professional skills appropriate to local conditions and general skills of employment and entrepreneurship, such as art curriculum based on indigenous arts ...of the province can be a suitable subject and activity for this work. But due to lack of support, many traditional arts in various parts of Iran, including Sistan, are declining or in disarray. Aims: The aim of this study was done to identify the components of the curriculum of indigenous arts in Sistan region in the second elementary school period. Methods: The research was conducted in two stages with a qualitative research method. In the first stage, available documents, articles and written sources related to the subject were examined by data mining method and data was collected and this data collection continued until the stage of theoretical saturation. The data analysis of this step was done through thematic coding. In the second stage of the research, phenomenological method was used to study the life experiences of local artists in Sistan region. At this stage, the participants were selected by criterion-based purposive sampling, data collection tools, semi-structured interviews and information analysis by Claizey (1978). Results: Based on research findings; 7 components of objectives, content, memory-learning, materials and resources, space and place, time and evaluation were extracted as components of the native arts curriculum of Sistan region. According to the results of the present study in Sistan region, the elements of the curriculum (objectives, content, teaching methods, teaching materials and resources, time, place and evaluation) and the role of each of these elements on art education, skills development, knowledge, ability And Attitudes, Creativity, Academic Success, Strengthening Communication, Verbal and Motor Skills, Five Senses, Developing Students 'Thinking Capacity, and Students' Social, Cultural, and Academic Education Using Art and Preparing Programs That Educate Make it attractive, enjoyable and effective; Be emphasized. Conclusion: Pay attention to indigenous knowledge, preserving and promoting indigenous and local knowledge and identity, cultivating the spirit of aesthetics and developing existential capabilities are necessary for artistic expression in the indigenous art curriculum of Sistan region, and more research is needed to realize and implement it. In this regard
In this analysis, we considered the non Newtonian micropolar fluid flow with Soret and Dufour impacts at the non linear stretching cylinder. The impacts of the Bioconvection and gyrotactic ...microorganism is considered on the stretching cylinder. Using the boundary layer theory, the partial differential equations constructed under the assumptions. Furthermore, the partial differential equations are transformed into dimensionless system due to applied the dimension variable namely, similarity transformations. The dismensions system solved using the numerical technique bvp5c. Impacts of the fluid flow at the cylinder and physical parameters highlighted through graphs and tables. Velocity function enhances with enhancing the viscoelastic parameter while opposite behavior is seen the temperature and concentration function. The concentration distribution improved by enhancing the n and Sc while opposite behavior seen in the temperature distributions. Thickness of the micropolar fluid reduced due to enhancing the values of the Re.
This paper aims to analyze the flow of second grade nanoliquid by a rotating disk. Nanofluid under investigation strongly depends upon Brownian motion and thermophoresis. Heat transfer is studied ...subject to dissipation and Joule heating. Governing problems are made dimensionless. After this the out coming problems for momentum, temperature and concentration are solved. The convergence criteria related to solutions is spelled out. Convergence interval for solutions is analyzed. Impact of different variables on velocity, concentration and temperature is elucidated by plotting graphs. Velocity and temperature gradients are calculated and discussed. The obtained results demonstrate that velocity field enhances for larger estimation of viscoelastic variable. Further results also demonstrate that velocity gradient has opposite effects for Hartman number and viscoelastic parameter. Temperature gradient is more for higher estimation of Reynolds number.
•The pressure rise for hybrid nanofluid is higher than that of nanofluid.•The hemodynamic velocity for hybrid nanofluid is higher than that of nanofluid.•The pressure rise for hybrid nanofluid is ...higher than that of nanofluid.•The size of bolus increases with an increase in the fractional parameter.
Artery aneurysm / stenosis segment is not very widespread but has gained growing recognition due to their frequent incidence in pediatric and young adult patients. The present analysis theoretically investigates the physical traits of electro-magneto-hydrodynamics (EMHD) of blood stream in the presence of electroosmotic forces via arteries having both aneurysm and stenosis for a hybrid fractional second-grade nanofluid. The governing equations for the proposed paradigm are solved and closed-form solutions are obtained for the cases of mild stenosis and aneurysm. Exact expressions for the hemodynamic velocity, heat transfer, resistance impedance and wall shear stress for the flow are obtained. Graphical representations for the effects of the relevant parameters on the physical variables of flow characteristic are plotted and discussed. Special cases of our flow model are derived. It has been deduced that the hemodynamic velocity decreases for spherical-shaped nanoparticles than those of rods, bricks, and platelet-shaped nanoparticles. The present model has the intention to be useful in medical pumps for drug delivery system.
This article addresses the unsteady three-dimensional flow of second grade nanofluid due to thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects. The flow is generated due to unsteady stretching in two lateral ...directions. The zero nanoparticles mass flux boundary conditions are imposed to find the desired solutions. By introducing the dimensionless variables the governing system of partial differential equations are transformed into the system of ordinary differential equations. Series solutions of the transformed ordinary differential equations are computed. Solutions are carried out for dimensionless temperature and nanoparticles concentration. The behavior of physical parameters on the temperature and nanoparticles concentrations is examined through graphs and tabular data. The temperature and concentration distribution at the surface are also computed and analyzed. It can be noted that both the temperature and nanomaterial are reduced for higher values of unsteadiness parameter. It is also observed that the friction factor of second grade fluid parameter is less compared with viscous nanofluid.
•Time-dependent 3D flow of viscoelastic nanofluid is examined.•Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects are considered.•The condition requiring zero nanoparticles mass flux is implemented.•Series solutions are obtained through homotopy analysis method (HAM).
Incomparable thermal features of hybrid nanofluids (NFs) have been well recognized. Hybrid nanomaterials are prolifically used in chemistry processes, enzyme nanotechnology, pharmaceutical ...manufacturing, and so on. Motivated by numerous novel applications, in the present article, a theoretical study is conducted to demonstrate a time‐dependent hydro‐magnetic Couette flow and heat transport features inside a gyrating channel filled with a reactive second‐grade hybrid NF (copper–alumina–ethylene glycol) and Darcian porous medium under multiparty impacts of Hall currents, temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity, and Arrhenius chemical reaction. The modeled momentum equations are rendered nondimensional and solved analytically by means of the sophisticated Laplace transform technique. ND Solver in Mathematica is deployed to estimate the numerical solution of the energy equation. The computational outcomes are plotted and interpreted via physical constraints using line graphs and tables. The graphical outcomes assert that Hall currents significantly modify the gyratory flow dynamics and thermal features. The thermal profile and heat transfer rate manifest a diminishing pattern over widening Hall and rotation parameters. The change in thermal conductivity has a substantial impact on heat transmission. The novelty of the research study is a new insight into the hydro‐thermal manners of magnetized rotational non‐Newtonian hybrid NF.
The present communication is concerned with second grade nanofluidic flow past a convectively heated vertical Riga plate. A homogeneous first order chemical reaction effect is involved. Mixed ...convection in terms of aiding and opposing flow is analyzed. Mass diffusion is investigated involving nanoparticles zero mass flux condition at the surface of Riga plate. The Riga plate is a well known actuator comprising of permanently fixed magnets and electrodes in an alternative manner generating Lorentz force which exponentially decays with an away displacement from Riga plate. The set of governing partial differential equations is converted into set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using usual transformations. Approximate convergent series solutions are achieved for the final transformed set of equations. Characteristics of velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are explored graphically for specific values of various fluid parameters. The flow parallel to the Riga surface along positive x-direction is assisted by the Lorentz forces instigated into the flow model by electromagnetic bars of Riga plate that results in exceeding the inside velocity from the free stream velocity. The opposing flow shows reduction in wall drag force due to the opposing influence of Lorentz forces that is very important finding in industrial applications of nanofluid. The first order homogeneous chemical reaction enhances the the concentration of nanoparticles.
This study elaborates on the flow of viscoelastic nanofluid consisting of gyrotactic microorganism over a rotating stretching disk along with convective boundary and zero mass flux conditions. Using ...the similarity transformations the nonlinear coupled partial differential equations regulating the present problem are converted into a set of ordinary differential equations which are approximated numerically by the Keller Box method. The numerically obtained results are verified with the available existing literature for particular values of the involved parameters which are limiting cases of the present analysis. Variation of heat and mass transfer and density numbers are presented graphically and the influence of various parameters on both radial and azimuthal velocities, temperature, concentration, and density of motile-microorganisms for convective and non-convective surfaces is shown through various plots and discussed.
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