AIM:To investigate the pharmacological effect ofTong Xie-Yao Fang(TXYF)formula and its underlying mechanisms.METHODS:A neonatal maternal separation plus restraint stress(NMS+RS)model of ...diarrheapredominant irritable bowel syndrome was developed by subjecting male Sprague-Dawley rats to daily maternal separation from postnatal days 2 to 21 plus restraint stress from days 50 to 59.Rats were randomly divided into two groups(NMS+RS and TXYF formula),and rats with no handling or separation were used as normal controls.Starting from postnatal day 60,rats were administered TXYF formula(9.84 g/100 g body weight)orally twice daily for 14 consecutive days,while the normal and NMS+RS groups were given distilled water.The distinctions of movement index(MI,area under the curve of contraction intensity/min,mg/min)and contraction frequency(CF,number of contractions/min,times/min)of isolated colonic longitudinal smooth muscle strips(CLSMs)in the three groups before and after treatment were observed with a Power Lab system.Different inhibitors were applied,and then 10-4mol/L acetylcholine chloride(Ach)was added to CLSMs to induce muscle contraction.RESULTS:Before treatment,the MI of CLSMs in the NMS+RS and TXYF formula groups was similar and both higher than that in the normal group(545.49±73.66 mg/min vs 245.76±34.44 mg/min and551.09±54.29 mg/min vs 245.76±34.44 mg/min,P<0.01,respectively).After treatment,the MI in the TXYF formula group was lower than that in the NMS+RS group(261.39±38.59 mg/min vs 533.9±61.63 mg/min,P<0.01).In the same way,the CF of CLSMs in the NMS+RS and TXYF formula groups was similar and both higher than that in the normal group(3.42±0.25 times/min and 3.31±0.21 vs1.1±0.17 times/min,P<0.01)before treatment.After treatment,the CF in the TXYF formula group was lower than that in the NMS+RS group(1.42±0.87 times/min vs 3.11±0.82 times/min,P<0.01)and similar to that in the normal group(1.42±0.87 times/min vs 1.09±0.13 times/min).When8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride and 4-aminopyridine were added to the bath and equilibrated for 30 min,respectively,and10-4 mol/L Ach was added to CLSMs to induce muscle contraction,MI of the CLSMs in the TXYF formula group was lower than that in the normal group(666±36.32 mg/min vs 747.77±49.47 mg/min,and 686.53±39.17 mg/min vs 750.45±29.39 mg/min;P<0.01,respectively).The MI of CLSMs in the TXYF formula group was lower than that in the normal group after treatment with nifedipine(689.48±30.84 mg/min vs741.65±32.41 mg/min;P<0.05).CONCLUSION:TXYF formula inhibits colon contraction in rats.This may be related to activation of specific potassium channels and inhibition of extracellular calcium internal flow.
We introduced a general concept to create smart, (multi)functional interphases in polymer composites with layered reinforcements, making use of 3D printing. The concept can be adapted for both ...thermoplastic and thermoset matrix-based composites with either thermoplastic- or thermoset-enriched interphases. We showed feasibility using an example of a composite containing a thermoset matrix/thermoplastic interphase. Carbon fiber unidirectional reinforcing layers were patterned with poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) through 3D printing, then infiltrated with an amine-cured epoxy (EP). The corresponding composites were subjected to static and dynamic flexure tests. The PCL-rich interphase markedly improved the ductility in static tests without deteriorating the flexural properties. Its effect was marginal in Charpy impact tests, which can be explained with effects of specimen and PCL pattern sizes. The PCL-rich interphase ensured self-healing when triggered by heat treatment above the melting temperature of PCL.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A las Cortes Generales les corresponde establecer el marco legislativo adecuado para habilitar, condicionar y controlar el ejercicio de los poderes de emergencia que se le atribuyen al Ejecutivo, ...bien sean estos de carácter ordinario o bien extraordinario —y que pueden afectar no solo a los derechos fundamentales, sino también al sistema de fuentes del derecho y al orden de distribución de competencias, entre otros impactos—. Sin embargo, la resistencia parlamentaria a aprobar una verdadera ley contra las enfermedades contagiosas o infecciosas se encuentra en la base del conflicto, no solo en el período de «entre alarmas» o de «post-alarma», sino durante su misma vigencia. La abdicación constitucional de la «potestad legislativa del Estado» (art. 66.2 CE) en este punto causa la desprotección de los derechos, quiebra principios básicos como el Estado democrático de derecho y genera innecesariamente otros graves problemas constitucionales, al forzar el uso de una infraestructura legal manifiestamente incapaz de soportar el peso. Entre esas derivadas, destaca la externalización del coste político que han de asumir las Cortes y el Gobierno en la lucha contra la pandemia hacia los jueces.
The addition of layered silicates can significantly affect the phase behaviour of both immiscible thermoplastic blends and partially miscible thermoset systems that undergo reaction-induced phase ...separation (RIPS) during curing. This study focuses on the phase behaviour of polycaprolactone (PCL)/epoxy in the presence of organically modified montmorillonite (oMMT). Due to the high dynamic asymmetry caused by the differences in the molecular weights and viscosities of the PCL and the uncured epoxy, the critical point is localised at low PCL concentrations, as indicated by the pseudophase diagram. The addition of oMMT to the system led to the marked shift of the critical point towards higher concentrations of PCL, with an increase in the oMMT content occurring as a consequence of the preferential localisation of the clay in the epoxy phase, making this phase more dynamically slow. Significant changes in morphology, including phase inversion of the PCL/epoxy systems caused by the presence of oMMT, were recorded for PCL concentrations ranging from 10 to 30%.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Most current depth sensors provide 2.5D range images in which depth values are assigned to a rectangular 2D array. In this paper we take advantage of this structured information to build an efficient ...shape descriptor which is about two orders of magnitude faster than competing approaches, while showing similar performance in several tasks involving deformable object recognition. Given a 2D patch surrounding a point and its associated depth values, we build the descriptor for that point, based on the cumulative distances between their normals and a discrete set of normal directions. This processing is made very efficient using integral images, even allowing to compute descriptors for every range image pixel in a few seconds. The discriminative power of our descriptor, dubbed FINDDD, is evaluated in three different scenarios: recognition of specific cloth wrinkles, instance recognition from geometry alone, and detection of reliable and informed grasping points.
In this paper, the numerical simulation method was used to simulate the inhalable particles movement under the action of acoustic force. The flow and particle trajectories in the cyclone separator ...were simulated detailed by two-phase models, in which the acoustic agglomeration of particle was considered using the acoustic agglomeration dynamics equation and kernel function. The collection efficiency of the cyclone separator was discussed. It is shown that the collected efficiency has a 6% increase by aerosol agglomeration effect. The simulation results are worth to optimization design of the inhalable particle separation device.
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