George Bariţiu (May 24, 1812 - May 2, 1893) was a Romanian politician, journalist and historian who had significant contributions in the field of economic thinking. As a promoter of the idea to ...assert the Romanian identity, and an activist for the Romanians to enter economic life, Bariţiu advanced a series of economic claims and aspirations. At the core of his analytical pursuit there were fundamental economic issues: competition, ownership, the peasants’ problem, the development of industry and of trade.
Introduction. The article is devoted to the review of the book of Doctor of Historical Sciences Professor Arkady Dolgikh about the history of serfdom. Today, the agrarian theme is one of the most ...important topics for understanding the historical process that has taken place on the territory of the Russian state since the formation of the Muscovite state in the 15th-16th centuries. and up to the 20th century.
Materials and methods. The technique of the article is connected with the analysis of the article from general historical positions. The fundamental importance of the question of serfdom lies in the fact that this phenomenon has dragged on considerably. Obviously, it interfered with the full development of Russia, turning most of its population into a mass, devoid of any interest in the results of their own work, which means that it formed entire generations of people deprived of an active life position with a low level of political culture and education.
Results. There is no doubt that the reforms carried out by Peter I, which almost completely subordinated all the estate groups of the country to the interests of the state, needed to be adjusted after the end of the Northern War and the introduction of a new poll tax. The ruling circles of Russia, for the most part, were aware of the importance of this adjustment and the danger of stagnation of the serf regime, but until 1861 no one dared to do this due to various subjective and objective reasons. As a result, literally every year a real ―powder magazine‖ grew and increased in size under the building of the House of Romanov, which not only interfered with the full development of their state, but also doomed it to death.
Conclusion. The author of the review comes to the conclusion that the new book on serfdom shows the importance of this problem and once again reminds the reader of this phenomenon as a terrible evil hindering the development of Russia.
Simion Bărnuţiu and His Socio-Political Ideas Sorinel Cosma; Daniel Lipară
"Ovidius" University Annals. Economic Sciences Series (Online),
12/2022, Letnik:
XXII, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Simion Bărnuţiu (July 21, 1808 - May 24, 1864) was a Romanian politician and scholar who followed the tradition of the Transylvanian School (Şcoala ardeleană) and the German Rationalism. He is ...considered to be the ideologist and the political leader of the Romanian Revolution of 1848 in Transylvania. He was mainly preoccupied with philosophy and legal science and had a significant contribution to establishing the principles of political and legal organization for the new Romanian unified state, but also to proposing solutions for the Romanian economic problems.
II. Loi de Beaumont 1182 zu Löwenstein, Michael Prinz
Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Germanistische Abteilung,
06/2024, Letnik:
141, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The Law of Beaumont, established by a charter issued in 1182, was granted over a period of about 150 years for up to 700 villages in present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany. It seemingly ...was to provide incentives to settle or stay in such villages. Based on an analysis of the Latin text (provided with a German translation) the paper questions that the focus of the charter was accurately described in older literature and common handbook entries. In those, the impression is given that the focus was on liberation from serfdom, tax relief and municipal self-government. The paper concludes that a high degree of self-government was indeed an outstanding feature, although it remains unclear whether the citizens originally had the right to elect mayor and jurors. Particularly favourable tax burdens could not be substantiated. There is no mentioning at all of any liberation from serfdom and burdens associated with it. The focus of the charter is on a precise definition of tax burdens and of penalties for crimes and their distribution, and on rules of legal process. Legal certainty in these regards must have been the core of its attractiveness both for citizens and lords and explain its popularity.
The article provides an analysis of the gradual consolidation of the principle of democratic elections in the election law of the Latvian people during the period from the abolition of serfdom in ...the Baltic Governorates of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 19th century until the adoption of the Satversme Constitution of the Republic of Latvia on 15 February 1922. Abolition of serfdom was chosen as a point of reference for the publication, because “emancipation” gave liberty to the majority of Latvians as persons belonging to the peasant class. Until proclamation of the Republic of Latvia (1918), Latvians gained election experience in electing the councils of civil parishes, cities and the State Duma of the Russian Empire. None of the elections held in the Russian Empire can be considered to be democratic, since the principle of voters’ equality was not complied with. Demand for democratic elections as denial of inequality consolidated among the Latvian people by the end of the 19th century. It is proven by the projects of Latvia’s autonomy, elaborated even before the democratic February Revolution in the Russian Empire (1917). Following the proclamation of the Republic of Latvia, the legislator only enshrined (documented) in legal acts the will of the Latvian people to elect state and local government officials democratically.
This article is devoted to a rather complex problem, the place of the peasant issue in the mindset and specific actions of conservative thinkers, representatives of the ruling noble class of the ...Russian empire at the end of the XVIII - first quarter of the XIX centuries. It gives the main characteristics of the most conservative trend in historiography and outlines its features in Russia in this period. The paper also touches on some understudied questions in particular the problem of the proportion of attitudes by representatives of conservatism and the so-called «liberalism» and «noble revolutionaries» to peasant emancipation and easing-off serfdom in Russia. To solve it, we use extensive materials of the noblemen projects of this period for solving the peasant issue, published by one of the authors of the article over the past two decades and only partially used in the literature. The authors come to the conclusion about the similarity of views of a noble ideologues of different directions of these three decades, alike in the pre-reform period, in relation to solutions of the peasant issue as the most important problem of social and political life in Russia.
This is a translation of one of very few Russian serfs' memoirs. Savva Purlevskii recollects his life in Russian serfdom and life of his grandparents, parents, and fellow villagers. He describes ...family and communal life and the serfs' daily interaction with landlords and authorities. Purlevskii came from an initially prosperous family that later became impoverished. Early in his childhood, he lost his father. Purlevskii did not have a chance to gain a formal education. He lived under serfdom until 1831 when at the age of 30 he escaped his servitude.
Gorshkov's introduction provides some basic knowledge about Russian serfdom and draws upon the most recent scholarship. Notes provide references and general information about events, places and people mentioned in the memoirs.
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