The advent of technology has dramatically changed the way sexual violence is perpetrated and experienced. Understanding the context of image-based sexual abuse (IBSA) and risk factors associated with ...perpetration are key to effective prevention efforts. The present study explores three IBSA behaviours—coerced sexting, non-consensual dissemination of intimate images, and cyberflashing—to examine the degree of victim-perpetrator overlap and what risk factors from the extant sexual violence literature are relevant to each behaviour. Emerging adults (n = 541; 69% female, 31% male) were recruited from a local university in Nova Scotia and the broader community (not specific to Nova Scotia) and reported their perpetration and victimization experiences with the three forms of IBSA. Participants also completed measures relating to their offense-supportive attitudes, dark triad traits, sadism, sexual compulsivity, impulsivity, and substance use. Results indicated substantial victim-perpetrator overlap for non-consensual dissemination of intimate images and cyberflashing. Victim-perpetrators demonstrated a pattern of higher scores across all risk-related measures, the magnitude of which differed across IBSA behaviours. These findings suggest that the broader literature on sexual offending is relevant to understanding IBSA and fits with the wider literature that suggests overlap between victimization and perpetration.
•There is considerable victim-perpetrator overlap across all three forms of IBSA, especially cyberflashing.•IBSA victim-perpetrators tend to score higher on risk factors associated with traditional forms of sexual offending.•Drug use and psychopathy appear to be higher among victim-perpetrators of non-consensual dissemination of intimate images.•Exhibitionism, offense-supportive beliefs, & sexual compulsivity are more prevalent among cyberflashing victim-perpetrators.
Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) is a form of gender-based violence and a violation of human rights. Forensic medical examination of victims of CRSV can be performed for the clinical and ...forensic management of patients or as part of the medical affidavit in judicial protection procedures. The aim of this scoping review was to summarize the knowledge on the forensic medical examination of survivors of CRSV by analyzing what types of violence were described by survivors, as well as the outcome of medical examination and evaluation of the degree of consistency, and of protection procedures. After the screening process, 17 articles published between January 1st, 2013, and April 3rd, 2023, on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were eligible for inclusion. The findings of our review confirm that literature addressing forensic medical examination of victims of CRSV is scarce, as well as studies describing physicians’ opinion on the consistency of the findings and protection outcomes. Trained and experienced professionals are needed in order to document human rights violations, including CRSV-specific lesions.
•Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) is a form of gender-based violence.•Forensic medical examination can be part of the clinical and forensic management.•Forensic medical examination can also be part of judicial protection procedures.•Literature on forensic medical examination of CRSV victims is scarce.•Trained, experienced professionals are needed to document human rights violations.
Movement is a recurrent thematic within extant resilience scholarship. Ecological theorizations of resilience emphasize systems that are in constant movement and flux. Terms such as “bouncing back” ...and “bouncing forward” are frequently used to describe how individuals recover and move on from adversity and trauma. However, integrated individual‐systemic explanations of resilience movement dynamics are lacking. Seeking to address this gap, this interdisciplinary article expressly frames resilience as a multi‐directional movement process. Individuals do not just move forward and backwards. Rather, they move in multiple and varied ways as they seek to navigate their way through adversity—and through systems and social‐ecological traps that both shape how they move and require them to keep moving. Drawing on interview data with victims‐/survivors of conflict‐related sexual violence in Bosnia‐Herzegovina (BiH), Colombia, and Uganda, the article empirically explores what “movement” looks like at the microlevel through a focus on everyday forms and expressions of movement, while also examining how wider systemic environments shape and influence these movements.
In the last few years, many countries have introduced laws combating the phenomenon colloquially known as ‘revenge porn’. While new laws criminalising this practice represent a positive step ...forwards, the legislative response has been piecemeal and typically focuses only on the practices of vengeful ex-partners. Drawing on Liz Kelly’s (Surviving sexual violence. Polity Press, Cambridge,
1988
) pioneering work, we suggest that ‘revenge porn’ should be understood as just one form of a range of gendered, sexualised forms of abuse which have common characteristics, forming what we are conceptualising as the ‘continuum of image-based sexual abuse’. Further, we argue that image-based sexual abuse is on a continuum with other forms of sexual violence. We suggest that this twin approach may enable a more comprehensive legislative and policy response that, in turn, will better reflect the harms to victim-survivors and lead to more appropriate and effective educative and preventative strategies.
Aims and objectives
To synthesise research examining college student sexual violence disclosure and campus sexual violence resources and services.
Background
Recently, the issue of sexual violence ...within the college population has garnered attention worldwide. The prevalence of sexual violence within college students is alarmingly high. Survivors often experience negative outcomes (e.g. health‐related consequences, impact on education). Efforts have been made to address this significant public health concern.
Design
Systematic review of published literature.
Methods
Studies were identified through systematic searches of PubMed, CINAHL and PsycInfo of articles published between January 2010–February 2015. A total of 672 articles were identified. After screening, 16 articles were included in this review.
Results
A lack of consistency in how sexual violence was referred to and measured was identified. Research on college student sexual violence disclosure has primarily been conducted in six areas: (1) informal disclosure, (2) formal disclosure, (3) friends’ perceptions of disclosure, (4) process/effects of disclosure on the survivor, (5) barriers to disclosure and (6) social support in the disclosure process. Research related to campus sexual violence resources and services has primarily focused on: (1) students’ knowledge, (2) students’ utilization and (3) students’ suggestions. Synthesised findings are presented.
Conclusions
Sexual violence impacts college student survivors and the campus community as a whole. To appropriately assist/address sexual violence, a thorough understanding of college student sexual violence disclosure and campus sexual violence resources/services is necessary. Suggestions for researchers, colleges and nurses are provided.
Relevance to clinical practice
Nurses who serve students, especially those at on‐campus student health centres, are opportunely placed to address sexual violence. Findings highlight the need for nurses to use consistent definitions of sexual violence when identifying survivors. Nurses should take measures to increase disclosure and promote sexual violence resources/services provided by their facility. Additional suggestions for nurses are provided.
This article presents the results of a qualitative study on the context and different forms of violence committed against women and girls in South Sudan. The study documents many forms of sexual and ...physical violence against women and girls in South Sudan, including conflict-related sexual violence, intimate partner violence, nonpartner sexual violence, child and forced marriage, and abduction. Violence occurred during three overarching contexts: armed conflict, gender inequality, and the economic crisis. The custom of bride price, combined with the economic crisis, is a key driver of many other forms of violence.
The concept of sexual consent has received considerable attention in recent years. It is discussed in sexual violence prevention education, with a rapid increase in empirical studies. However, to ...make consent education effective, we have to understand the complex nature of sexual consent. To this end, we conducted a systematic review and analysis of the empirical studies on sexual consent and analyzed the factors that complicate sexual consent, to determine the implication for education. The empirical research on sexual consent was broadly categorized into "acts and beliefs" and "influencing factors" based on the research question, and the influencing factors were broadly categorized into "individual experience and personality," "situation and environment," and "social norms." The acts and beliefs of sexual consent involve a variety of elements and influencing factors. In addition, the acts and beliefs between internal and external acts are inconsistent, and even the internal state of consent may be ambiguous. In consent education, we have to consider what can be an ethical act that shows and infers consent after acknowledging the ambiguity and complexity of consent.
We reviewed empirical studies on sexual consent, and found that sexual consent involves a variety of elements and influencing factors. People may be conflicted between education that emphasizes the simplicity of consent and the complexity of a real consent. We have to consider the conflict in our sex education.
Conflict-Related Sexual Violence Nordås, Ragnhild; Cohen, Dara Kay
Annual review of political science,
05/2021, Letnik:
24, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This article reviews the remarkable growth in empirical literature in political science on wartime sexual violence against civilians, including rape, sexual slavery, forced marriage, and other forms. ...Early work, motivated by ongoing conflicts in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, tended to portray these forms of violence as inevitable, ubiquitous, and either opportunistic or strategic. However, recent literature and new data sources have documented substantial variation in sexual violence across countries, conflicts, perpetrators, and victims and survivors. Building on this observed variation, scholars have developed and tested a wealth of theories about when, where, why, and under what conditions sexual violence occurs as well as its consequences. We highlight the core findings from the literature, explain the key debates among experts, and explore several avenues for future research. We conclude by detailing what the study of wartime sexual violence-both the findings and the research process-offers to a broader set of political science scholars.
Introduction: Enforcement and legal protection for sexual assault cases has focused on protecting the victims of sexual assault law which consists of physical or psychological violence, retaliation, ...humiliation, and mistreatment of people who support victims of violence against women in particular. Where the focus of this tuilsan mebahas about the legal protection of victims of sexual violence in Indonesian criminal law and how the penultimate case of sexual violence.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to explain the concept Absentia trial by applying the return of State.Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative legal research with a statute legal approach and a conceptual approach.Results of the Research: Sexual violence itself becomes an urgency, given the rise of cases of sexual violence in Indonesia. By creating laws that protect victims of sexual violence, the resolution of sexual violence cases and the protection of victims of sexual violence cases can be executed well. So that the law in Indonesia can be implemented in accordance with its purpose, which is to protect all Indonesian people from crime cases.
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