This study seeks to analyze, with a qualitative method and thematic analysis, the political behavior of individuals in a social unit in response to the economic behavior of the State. Governments, as ...influential institutions, communicate with individuals, families, and society. Any strategy by these political units implies a response from other external spheres. People in society often react to the behavior of governments, especially in the economic sphere. Especially if this government interferes with normative implications such as justice. The economic activities of governments are essentially aimed at promoting justice. According to the findings, The Gini coefficient decreases in areas where financial resources have been driven. Considering the decrease in the Gini coefficient in rural areas in the time period mentioned and increasing equality and justice in these areas, a kind of political action took place in the form of political mobilization that emerged as social capital for the established state. This representation, especially in the 10th Presidential Election, has been identified as the result of this socialization and promotion of social capital as a political and objective consequence of the expansion of small enterprises in rural areas.
The Covid-19 pandemic broke out unexpectedly, and it is difficult to anticipate its future effects. As a result of the lockdowns, many enterprises were forced to curtail their business as early as in ...the first months of the pandemic. In view of such unprecedented phenomena, a question arises about possible effects of the pandemic on the financial standing of enterprises. The authors of this paper aimed to assess the immediate effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the financial security of small enterprises in Poland, since the financial security is seen as an important factor influencing organizational resilience. This article applies the desk research and comparative analysis methods, which were conduct based on statistic office data. The studied enterprises were analysed in terms of changes in their liquidity ratios, sales profitability ratios as well as their revenue and profit levels – the results have shown a considerable diversity across sectors. Based on the assessment of changes in the indicators, the analysed sectors were categorised as: resistant sectors, hardly affected sectors, moderately affected sectors, severely affected sectors. The analysis of the selected indicators of financial security has shown that the financial result as well profitability levels were the indicators that deteriorated in the greatest number of sectors. Surprisingly, financial liquidity remained the most stable indicator. The research results can be helpful in proper channelling aid to enterprises to recover from crisis, since in first month of the pandemic most of financial support was not diversified
In this paper, the microfinance services are evaluated in the context of small-scale businesses in Jordan. The aim of this study is to emphasize on the importance of factors related to micro-finance ...as it helps in enhancing the firm’s performance. This study utilizes a quantitative approach to conduct a research on approximately 308 small-scale businesses. The study employs a method of confirmatory component analysis (CFA) held by applied Structure Equation Modelling (SEM) to achieve the research objective. The results demonstrate that performance was significantly associated with various micro-finance services such as training for managers, training skills, and loan size. In particular, micro-finance programs should be considered by small entrepreneurs, micro-finance institutions, and policy makers. Thus, the contribution of this work is the incorporation of micro-finance factors on SMEs performance. Managers of the SMEs will find guidance about which micro-finance factors is the most important for them to be considered in their roles and for improving SMEs performance.
•Uptake of OHS interventions are influenced by many contextual factors and mechanisms.•Contextual factors and mechanisms may change throughout the intervention process.•OHS training considering OHS ...should be embedded in farmers practical reality.•Focusing on the responsibility for others improves safety within agriculture.
Agriculture is a hazardous industry, with a high frequency of injuries. As agriculture is an industry mostly consisting of small enterprises, it may be difficult to prevent injuries. In Norway, an OHS course is available for farmers. This study aims to evaluate this course. The evaluation is a prospective exploratory case study evaluation using qualitative interviews. The results suggest that there was not an increase in use and understanding of OHS systems, despite being the aim of the course. The farmers easily absorbed the practical part of the course, getting solutions and ideas for practical risk prevention at own farm. However, using systems adjusted to farm characteristics required external, face-to-face practical involvement at the farm. The study revealed that the course design was not optimal for farmers, as it addressed the farmers as managers, requiring an understanding of theory, while farmers mainly understand their occupation as practical. The course design should be reconsidered to integrate farmers’ daily practices.
Technology-oriented micro and small enterprises (TMSEs) play an important role in technology innovation, employment increase, and economic growth. Due to their high risk and resource consuming ...nature, the Chinese government has set up special funding, and encouraged banks to provide credit support for TMSEs. However, traditional enterprises' credit evaluation methods are not suitable for TMSEs due to their characteristics. How to assess the credit risk of TMSEs is a relatively new and challenging topic. This study is to identify novel indicators that can capture the creditrelated characteristics of TMSEs. Specifically, we proposed that innovation capability and business models can be used to identify some special aspects of TMSEs' credit risk. To validate the new indicators, we compared the performance of traditional financial indicators and the new indicators. The results showed that innovation and business model indicators can effectively improve the performance of classifiers in the credit risk assessment of TMSEs.
Impact Digital Entrepreneurship Apprentice Program (IDEA@KPT) at Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia 2021 is a comprehensive nationwide six-month program. Forty-three teams consist of 43 Academic ...Supervisors, 129 institutes of Higher Learning students, and 43 Micro & Small Enterprises (MSE) owners conducted by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. The program is aimed to develop capable students in maneuvering the digital business world. Students underwent an online Business and Digital Training, with apprenticeship and formal reportings. This article aims to present the impact of IDEA@KPT activities by analyzing 43 case studies produced in the program. A pre-codification scheme that concentrates on the study goals was the method for data collection. Before the program, all the teams were informed of the required components to ensure uniformity of the report. The evidence of significant gain and impact on the MSEs businesses was drawn from the components. Other than the components, analytics hindsight, visual appeal, persuasion ability, perception on paid ads, posting timing, and synergies beyond the digital world activities were gathered, providing richer information and insights that increase business value. Such lessons are beneficial to all parties as all businesses are demanded to utilize digital platforms nowadays.
•Fuzzy AHP and fuzzy inference system (FIS) were applied to develop occupational risk assessment model.•A total of 16 sub-criteria under 3 criteria were chosen using focus group discussion with the ...support of experts.•Three input variables and one output variable were selected for generating fuzzy inference model.•This model can support the safety managers to design effective workplace safety management strategy.
Like large and medium industries, Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) management has become a highly demanding issue for Small Enterprises (SEs) under the backdrop of numerous and varied diseases and accidents. However, any systematic OHS risk assessment model is still lacking in SEs. This study is initiated to develop a comprehensive model by integrating Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). A total of 16 sub-criteria under 3 criteria were chosen using focus group discussions with several experts. The weights of the sub-criteria were determined using FAHP method, which were further used to score the present conditions of the SEs. Three input variables and one output variable were selected for generating FIS model. The FIS model for OHS risk assessment was established after constructing fuzzy membership functions and fuzzy inference rules.This model was implemented in five SEs of Bangladesh for validation. The risk scores were calculated and among the five enterprises, one was found highly risky, and three were moderately risky. Expectedly, this model will assist the safety professionals and managers to design effective workplace health and safety management strategy and programs.
Despite access to financial resources, many micro and small-scale entrepreneurs struggle to grow their businesses due to management inefficiencies. This study analyses a globally recognized ILO ...business training initiative in Indonesia, involving 12 financial service providers in 2018. Using an RCT and panel data from 3,975 clients to study the impacts of the business training we find largely null results across a large range of outcomes. Exploiting variation across financial institutions implementing the program, we show that one financial service provider demonstrated significant improvements in its clients' behaviours. This uneven outcome suggests that the efficacy of large-scale interventions critically depends on the quality of implementation by individual partners. The overarching conclusions advise restraint in broadly expanding these programs, while simultaneously highlighting the crucial role of partner selection in the successful implementation of these initiatives.
Despite the growing scholars' attention toward green innovation, on the one hand, and family firms, on the other hand, there is still limited attention toward the intersection of these two streams of ...literature, because very few studies deal with green innovation in family firms. This paper aims at comparing family and nonfamily small firms in their approach to green innovation. To this aim, a multiple case studies methodology was used to understand whether and in which aspects family firms and nonfamily firms differ. In particular, a sample of 14 small enterprises (seven family and seven nonfamily firms) operating in the agri‐food industry and located in Italy was studied. Results suggest that family and nonfamily firms are similar with regard to green innovation characteristics, features of the green innovation process, faced challenges, and achieved outcomes. On the contrary, family firms differ from nonfamily firms in three key areas: firm's motivations, most relevant pressures, and green innovation view.
•Provide the theoretical analysis of how non-bank fintech affects the effect of targeted monetary policy based on the credit channel theory.•Targeted RRR cuts in China increase the borrowing amounts ...of micro and small enterprises, but do not change their borrowing costs.•Micro and small enterprises in areas with more non-bank fintech increased the effect of targeted RRR cuts on borrowing amounts, but no change in costs.
Since the financial crisis, central banks have implemented unconventional monetary policies, while fintech has developed rapidly and reshaped the credit market. Using firm data from China, this paper empirically tests whether the development of non-bank fintech influences the effect of targeted monetary policy tools. We find that targeted reserve requirement ratio (RRR) cuts in China expand the borrowing amounts of targeted micro and small enterprises (MSEs), but have no effect on their borrowing costs. Moreover, non-bank fintech increases the effect of targeted RRR cuts on MSEs' borrowing amounts, while it does not change the policy effect on borrowing costs.
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