Tiffeneau-Testing by means of a Smart-Shirt Laufer, Bernhard; Docherty, Paul D.; Jalal, Nour Aldeen ...
Current directions in biomedical engineering,
09/2022, Letnik:
8, Številka:
2
Journal Article
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Tiffeneau manoeuvres are an important method in pulmonary function testing of the human lungs and can help to diagnose respiratory obstructions. Data from a motion capture system and a spirometer was ...used to evaluate Tiffeneau indexes which can theoretically be derived via a Smart-Shirt that incorporates three circumference measurements of the upper body. The mean error was 4.5% regarding the Tiffeneau indexes gained by the spirometer, indicating that clinical diagnosis of obstruction is potentially possible using a Smart-Shirt.
Smart clothing has demonstrated potential applications in a wide range of wearable fields for human body monitoring and self-adaption. However, current wearable sensors often suffer from not ...seamlessly integrating with normal clothing, restricting sensing ability, and a negative wearing experience. Here, integrated smart clothing is fabricated by employing multiscale disordered porous elastic fibers as sensing units, which show the capability of inherently autonomous self-sensing (i.e., strain and temperature sensing) and self-cooling. The multiscale disordered porous structure of the fibers contributes to the high transparency of mid-infrared human body radiation and backscatter of visible light, which allows the microenvironment temperature between the skin and clothing to drop at least ∼2.5 °C compared with cotton fabrics. After the capillary-assisted adsorption of graphene inks, the modified porous fibers could also possess real-time strain and temperature-sensing capacities with a high gauge factor and thermal coefficient of resistance. As a proof of concept, the integrated smart sportswear achieved the measuring of body temperature, the tracking of large-scale limb movements, and the collection of subtle human physiological signals, along with the intrinsic self-cooling ability.
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•A novel hybrid aerogel-based fabric and its clothing with broadband electromagnetic wave (EMW) management capabilities are fabricated.•The nanotape-enabled multi-crosslinked ...hybridization strategy gives the fabric superflexibility, hyperelasticity, and breathability.•The effectiveness of the clothing in the EMI shielding and IR thermal camouflage fields is demonstrated conceptually.
As problematic interference from electromagnetic waves (EMWs) in modern human life continues to increase, broadband EMW management aerogels have received extensive attention in the safety and thermal management fields, but the mismatch in terms of their mechanical flexibility and functionality has limited their application. This work reports an ultra-lightweight (8.7 mg cm−3), superflexible, hyperelastic (≥95% strain), and superhydrophobic (contact angle: 157°) wearable hybrid aerogel-based fabric that offers both electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and infrared (IR) shielding functions. A nanotape-enabled multi-crosslinked hybridization strategy, in which freeze-drying-initiated hydrophobic -Si-O-Si- nanotape welds weak bacterial nanocellulose-silver nanowire interfaces perfectly, gives the fabric outstanding mechanical properties. Optimized synergy gain engineering between the metal and the semiconductor (antimony tin oxide nanoparticles) produces significant enhancements in the electrical conductivity (502.46 S m−1), the EMI shielding effectiveness (SE, 100 dB), and the IR shielding performance (ultralow thermal conductivity of 0.025 W m−1 K−1) of the fabric. The hybrid aerogel-based fabric is fabricated into broadband EMW management clothing, which has excellent prospects for safety and thermal management applications.
Mental health has become a severe problem that significantly influences people’s living quality. With the rapid development of science and technology, a completely new direction for mental health ...improving by using the interaction between robots and people has emerged. As an intelligent personal agent, a robot can be easily accepted in people’s daily life, meeting users’ behavior and mental demands to a certain extent. Nevertheless, the existing robot design is very limited, and a household personal robot is too large to be carried anywhere . The usage of wearable devices is simple, but these devices cannot offer diversified services. Therefore, this paper puts forward an emotion-aware system that integrates a personal robot, smart clothing, and cloud terminal. A new ’people-centered’ emotion-interaction mode is realized. Namely, personal robot and smart clothing supplement each other seamlessly and interact jointly with users . Artificial intelligence technology and knowledge graph are used to design emotion perception and interaction algorithms including intelligent recommendation, relation recognition, emotional expression recognition. Also, different scenarios are analyzed . Finally, a testbed is built to carry out relevant tests to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms and emotion-aware system. According to the obtained test results, the system can be widely used to serve people and improve people’s mental health.
Electrocardiogram (ECG), usually measured by Ag/AgCl electrode with conductive gels, is one of the most frequently used tools for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) symptoms, but it may ...encounter the gels drying issue and the risk of skin allergic reaction for long-term ECG monitoring. Recently, the technique of non-contact electrode has developed to access bio-potentials without contacting the skin directly to improve the above issue, and the convenience and comfort of use. But its signal quality may be affected by the fabric material and the skin-electrode interface condition, that still cannot be monitored by current wearable devices. In this study, a novel automatic adjustment non-contact sensing smart clothing was proposed. The designed smart clothing could access bio-potentials without contacting the skin directly. Moreover, the function of real-time skin-electrode interface capacitance monitoring was also built to monitor the interface condition simultaneously. The attenuation compensation mechanism was also designed to automatically compensate the attenuation of ECG signal according to the fabric material and the change of interface condition. Finally, the system performance was validated, and the influence of fabric conditions and motion artifact on the change of interface capacitance and ECG signal quality was also investigated. From the experimental results, its ECG signal quality was similar to that of the conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes (correlation > 95 %) and was stable for long-term monitoring, and the cotton fabric material, thinner fabric thickness, and sweating condition would also improve the ECG signal quality.
Recently, there has been a sharp increase in interest in Smart clothing. This type of clothing is equipped with electronic systems connected using wires with various types of connectors. This article ...presents the impact of repeated current switching through contacts made of electroconductive fabrics on their electrical resistance and analyses the influence of selected parameters of these fabrics on the above phenomena. Textile contacts described in the article are one of the most important parts of the future textile electric connectors incorporated into modern Smart clothing. The article also describes tests of resistance of these fabrics to overheating caused by the current flowing through them. The present research was conducted to check the suitability of electroconductive fabrics for making electrical contacts of future textile connectors. The research presented in the article showed that electroconductive fabrics can be used as durable contacts for direct current circuits carrying currents of several amperes. The type of metal with the highest percentage among the metals used to impart electroconductivity to the tested fabrics has a statistically significant impact on the durability of electrical contacts made of these fabrics.
In recent years, flexible, easy-to-fabricate, and low-cost electronic skins (E-skins) have attracted considerable attention, due to their enormous demand in wearable device applications. Based on a ...carbon nanotube (CNT)/nonwoven fabric, three types of E-skins were fabricated using a low-cost and scalable approach, and detected various signals, like pressure, stretch, flexion, temperature, and humidity. Due to the wrinkled and porous microstructure of CNT/nonwoven fabric, the pressure-sensitive E-skin demonstrates a high gauge factor (GF) value of 19.12 kPa-1 and 5.38 kPa-1 with a pressure range of 15–6125 Pa and 6125–12005 Pa, respectively. Unlike traditional paper-based E-skins, the stretch/flexion/temperature-sensitive E-skin could detect the stretch strain, and its GF values were 3.81, 0.51 rad-1, and 1.4×10-3 ℃-1 for the detection of stretch, flexion and temperature. For the humidity-sensitive E-skin, its GF value was calculated to be 2.8×10-2 and 0.20 with the relative humidity range of 55–75% and 75–95%. The favorable performance of the E-skins allows their integration into smart clothing, where they successfully monitored human motion, physiological and external environmental signals in real time. Furthermore, the prepared E-skins have also been integrated into an electronic glove, where they simultaneously detected the bending and pressure signals of human fingers, demonstrating application potential in the field of telediagnosis.
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•Compared with other E-skins having the similar thickness, our E-skins had much higher sensitivity toward pressure.•Based on the CNT/nonwoven fabric, the E-skins could detect more types of signals, compared with other E-skins.•Our E-glove had the ability to detect the bending and pressure signals of human fingers at the same time.
Flexible wearable strain sensors are becoming increasingly popular due to their ability to monitor physiological signals and to detect motion in a wide range of applications. However, the development ...of strain sensors with high sensitivity and wide sensing range remains a challenge. Herein, a film-nanowire double sensoring layer structure (FNDLS) crack strain sensor with high sensitivity, wide strain range and fast response is proposed. The FNDLS with hierarchical synergistic are integrated onto fabrics using a heat pressing process. The FNDLS has a very low initial resistance and a high density of channel cracks to have the high sensitivity of the strain sensor and to extend the strain range of the strain sensor through the synergistic bridging effect of the AgNWs. Due to this structure, the sensitivity of the sensor can reach 70945, the strain range can reach about 40 %, and response time is less than 129 ms. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrates exceptional cycling stability and favourable frequency characteristics. Its superior performance makes it suitable for monitoring pulse waves and detecting motion through smart clothing.
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•Strain sensors with a double conductive layer based on heat pressing method.•Strain sensors has ultra-high sensitivity, wide strain range and fast response.•Sensor can be used for pulse wave monitoring and fitness motion correction.
Traditional wearable devices have various shortcomings, such as uncomfortableness for long-term wearing, and insufficient accuracy, etc. Thus, health monitoring through traditional wearable devices ...is hard to be sustainable. In order to obtain healthcare big data by sustainable health monitoring, we design “Smart Clothing”, facilitating unobtrusive collection of various physiological indicators of human body. To provide pervasive intelligence for smart clothing system, mobile healthcare cloud platform is constructed by the use of mobile internet, cloud computing and big data analytics. This paper introduces design details, key technologies and practical implementation methods of smart clothing system. Typical applications powered by smart clothing and big data clouds are presented, such as medical emergency response, emotion care, disease diagnosis, and real-time tactile interaction. Especially, electrocardiograph signals collected by smart clothing are used for mood monitoring and emotion detection. Finally, we highlight some of the design challenges and open issues that still need to be addressed to make smart clothing ubiquitous for a wide range of applications.
Symmetry of Respiration Induced Upper Body Movements Laufer, Bernhard; Krueger-Ziolek, Sabine; Aldeen Jalal, Nour ...
Current directions in biomedical engineering,
09/2023, Letnik:
9, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Many researchers have postulated inexpensive methods to estimate respiratory volumes from respirationinduced movements of the upper body. In the development of smart garments, the number and the ...optimal positioning of sensors is an essential aspect. Therefore, the symmetry of upper body respiratory movements was investigated based on the measurement data from a motion capture system. In the ventral central area, coefficients of determination above 0.99 regarding movements of symmetrical markers mean that sensors can be placed without restrictions in the position mirrored on the sagittal plane. This simplifies sensor positioning in a smart shirt and expands the range of applications of smart shirts for respiratory monitoring.
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