Social networking sites offer new avenues for interpersonal communication that may enable people to build social capital. The meta-analyses reported in this paper evaluated the relationship between ...social network site (SNS) use and 2 types of social capital: bridging social capital and bonding social capital. The meta-analyses included data from 58 articles gathered through scholarly databases and a hand search of the early publications of relevant journals. Using a random effects model, the overall effect size of the relationship between SNS use and bridging social capital based on k = 50 studies and N = 22,290 participants was r = .32 (95% CI .27, .37), and the overall effect size between SNS use and bonding social capital based on k = 43 studies and N = 19,439 participants was r = .26 (95% CI .22, .31). The relationships between SNS use and both types of social capital were stronger in men than in women, and the relationship between SNS use and bridging capital was stronger in Western, individualistic countries than Eastern, collectivistic countries. Additional analyses of specific SNS activities indicated that SNS use promotes social capital by facilitating contact and interaction among people who already know each other offline rather than contact with people who were met online. The implication is that SNSs offer a platform to strengthen existing relationships.
Abstract
Positive social capital-building outcomes were identified in a longitudinal evaluation of a veteran-specific initiative supporting desistance from crime and substance misuse. A secondary ...analysis of the qualitative data generated is presented here. We identify three transformational subjective re-alignments across the veteran cohort who sustained their engagement in the mutual aid initiative. These re-alignments are linked to the mobilization of bonding, bridging and linking sources of social capital. We directly align mutual aid practice dynamics with the micro-, meso- and macro-level distinctions highlighted in relational desistance explanatory frameworks. Our analysis provides new insights into the relationship between social capital building and desistance. We present a theoretically informed social capital-building process model highlighting the generalizability of our findings to wider (ex-) offender populations.
•An explanatory model of individual social networks capitalization is proposed.•Lin’s model on inequality on social capital is contrasted and complemented based on ample social data.•We contrast the ...determinant variables on social mobilization of resources.•The diverse expressions of goal oriented individual social capital mobilization are analyzed.
The objective of the present paper is to characterize the structure of individual social networks and to provide new insights into the underlying mechanism of individual social capitalization process. In particular, we put to the test three main assumptions underlying Lin’s seminal explanatory model of individual social capital determinants (Lin, 2001). We analyzed the results of an extensive and specifically designed survey on personal networks in Spanish society (OSIM, 2011). Our findings, based on the use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), regression and structural methods allow us to complement Lin’s general model distinguishing accessibility and mobilization of social resources. Furthermore, the empirical evidence suggests the need for introducing a significant distinction between instrumental-expert and expressive mobilization. Finally, our analysis allows us to identify the main determining factors of both forms of capitalization of personal relations.
The sociological concept of social capital has grown in popularity in recent years and research programs in North America, Europe, and East Asia have demonstrated how social capital has a significant ...impact on occupational mobility, community building, social movement, and economic development.
This book uses new empirical data to test how social capital works in different societies with diverse political-economic and cultural institutions. Taking a comparative approach, this study focuses on data from three different societies, China, Taiwan, and the United States, in order to reveal the international commonalities and disparities in access to, and activation of, social capital in labor markets. In particular, this book tests whether political economic and cultural differences between capitalist and socialist economic systems and between Western and Confucian cultures create different types of individual social networks and usages. This comparison leads to Joonmo Son's fundamental argument that the institutional constraints of a society's political economy on the one hand, and culture on the other, profoundly impact on both the composition and utilization of social capital.
Based on rigorous statistical analysis, this book will be essential reading for students and scholars of social capital, economic sociology, and comparative politics.
Es tracta d'una mirada en la qual l'anàlisi microhistòrica de les xarxes familiars es complementa amb l'anàlisi de l'honor i la neteja de sang com a formes que pren el capital social en el món ...colonial. The protagonists in this case are an example of how individuals were inserted into relational structures in which formal and informal norms operate, and which are sustained both by economic capital and social-relational capital. The study of this network of relationships allows us to unveil central elements of the structure of colonial society to which every individual, regardless of their economic or ethnic condition, was to a greater or lesser extent subjected. Keywords: relational approach, social capital, criminal trial, honour, lineage, blood cleansing, New Granada. 1. Por el impacto social que tuvo en su momento, este caso dejó un registro histórico en el que es evidente «la eficacia desde la norma, desde el sistema y la cultura misma».2 Esta eficacia responde a la ¡dea del peso que posee la sangre cuando se tiene como referencia su «limpieza»; y esta idea alude a ese sistema de valores heredado del «Viejo Mundo» en el que cada individuo, hombre o mujer, se veía condicionado a actuar según la necesidad social de «ser» o «parecer» en función del color de piel, la pureza de su sangre, el apellido y su título o reconocimiento social (todos formas de capital social), en un juego de roles que compromete tanto su posición social, como la de su familia, así como su lugar en la red de relaciones que define su grupo.
In the study, the author emphasizes the distinction between the elements of the patrimony and the patrimony as universality, which cannot be reduced to the sum of its component elements. The rights ...and obligations, as elements of the patrimony, are regarded as pecuniary values, and the ratio of proportionality between them marks the existence and degree of solvency of the patrimony. As legal universality, patrimony represents a unit distinct from the component elements that lose their identity and existence. The patrimony is autonomous from the component elements, from the changes made within their scope, without being altered in its existence. It is obvious that this relation between the unitary and the modification of the component elements as patrimonial values cannot leave aside the fungibility, as a mechanism of the real general universal subrogation, with universal title and with private title, in the cases and under the conditions provided by law with regard to the latter. As legal universality, patrimony was also analyzed from the perspective of its permanent character, inseparable from the natural person and the condition of existence of the legal person, from the perspective of its continuous, unique, unitary character, without this last character excluding its divisibility into patrimonial masses with specific legal regimes. As for the power exercised over the patrimony, this is distinct from the power exercised over the patrimonial rights considered ut singuli, susceptible of appropriation. As a legal universality, patrimony is not an asset, so that the power exercised over it may not be confused with a subjective patrimonial right, even if the patrimony expresses the affiliations to a certain person. Both in the case of subjective law and in the case of patrimony power operates, only that the object on which the power is exercised marks the difference. An analyzed aspect with multiple practical implications was the intrapatrimonial transfer, which aims at the transfer of goods from one patrimonial mass to another patrimonial mass and which cannot be qualified as alienation, because it intervenes within the same patrimony. In the final part of the study, the author delimits the company's patrimony from that pertaining to the associates, stating that the elements brought as contribution that make up the social capital and those subsequently acquired represent asset elements of the company's patrimony in respect of which the creditors have a general lien right. Accordingly to the contributions, the associates do not have a right of co-ownership over the assets that make up the social capital, but in their patrimony there are found the parties of interest, as claim rights.
Women and underrepresented minority (URM) undergraduates declare and complete science, technology, engineering, and mathematics majors at different rates in comparison to majority groups. ...Explanations of these differences have long been deficit oriented, focusing on aptitude or similar characteristics, but more recent work focuses on institutional contexts, such as academic climate and feelings of belonging (fit). This study examines the experiences of women and URM students in engineering undergraduate programs, focusing on how they fit, experiential factors affecting fit, and how fit is mitigated by social relationships from their networks and organizations in which they participate (i.e., social capital). Thematic analysis of 55 women and URM interviewee responses shows that students who fit well were those with majority characteristics, including race (i.e., White, White‐passing) and gender (i.e., men, masculine appearance), and those in groups well represented in their programs numerically (i.e., men, Asian). In contrast, women and Black students encountered threats to their fit due to stereotyping from bias and differential treatment from others (i.e., being excluded from group work). However, students received advice from their social networks (i.e., family, professors) in which they were warned to expect discrimination, or through organizations in which they participated (i.e., National Association of Black Engineers) where their sense of community was expanded. The advice and resources provided through this network‐based and participatory social capital mitigated fit for women and Black students, albeit in different ways, helping to preserve their feelings of belonging and promote their persistence in engineering. We offer suggestions to enact university policies to increase access to social capital with homophilious alters and educational opportunities for majority groups.
The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the concept of social capital and to distinguish its different forms, focusing on their potential effects on health. According to many scholars, ...social capital comprises social networks, norms of reciprocity or social support and social trust. In this article the core element, the social network, has been further distinguished by the direction of ties and levels of formality, strength and diversity. In the past few years there has been increased interest in social capital in the health field and a great deal of research has suggested that social capital is generally positively related to health. However, little research has been conducted into how different forms of social capital or social networks influence health. What is the difference, for instance, between bonding and bridging social capital in terms of health outcomes? It is important to distinguish the different forms because they imply different resources, support and obligations. More research needs to be conducted into the different forms of social capital and their effects on health. A special focus should be placed on the health impacts of cross-cutting -- or bridging and linking -- forms of social capital.
Applying uses and gratifications theory (UGT) and social capital theory, our study examined users of four social networking sites (SNSs) (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat), and their ...influence on online bridging and bonding social capital. Results (N = 297) found that Twitter users had the highest bridging social capital, followed by Instagram, Facebook, and Snapchat, while Snapchat users had the highest bonding social capital, followed by Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. SNS intensity, trust, tie strength, homophily, privacy concerns, introversion, and attention to social comparison were also found to moderate the relationship between SNS use and online bridging and bonding social capital.
•Uses and gratification theory (UGT) was applied to explain social networking site usage.•Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat influence bridging/bonding social capital.•SNS intensity, tie strength, privacy, introversion, and social comparison are moderators.
This study examined whether and how the usage of social media can influence college students' level of network heterogeneity and how network heterogeneity is associated with levels of ...bridging/bonding social capital and subjective well-being. In particular, whether network heterogeneity plays a mediating role in the relationship between social media use and the dependent variables of bridging/bonding social capital and subjective well-being was investigated. The results indicated that usage of social media is positively associated with college students’ communication network heterogeneity in their everyday life. Network heterogeneity is also positively related to levels of bridging/bonding social capital and subjective well-being. We also discovered a positive indirect effect mechanism by which social media use influences bridging/bonding social capital and subjective well-being through network heterogeneity.
•Social media use increases network heterogeneity.•Network heterogeneity positively influences social capital and subjective well-being.•The heterogeneity mediates the relationship between social capital and well-being.
