Building on Karl Mannheim's theory of generations, this address argues that U.S. Millennials comprise a new political generation with lived experiences and worldviews that set them apart from their ...elders. Not only are they the first generation of "digital natives," but, although they are more educated than any previous U.S. generation, they face a labor market in which precarity is increasingly the norm. And despite proclamations to the contrary, they confront persistent racial and gender disparities, discrimination against sexual minorities, and widening class inequality—all of which they understand in the framework of "intersectionality." This address analyzes the four largest social movements spearheaded by college-educated Millennials: the young undocumented immigrant "Dreamers," the 2011 Occupy Wall Street uprising, the campus movement protesting sexual assault, and the Black Lives Matter movement. All four reflect the distinctive historical experience of the Millennial generation, but they vary along two cross-cutting dimensions: (1) the social characteristics of activists and leaders, and (2) the dominant modes of organization and strategic repertoires.
Work characteristics influence job performance but the individual values, reflected on the importance that employees place on each work characteristic, may affect this relationship. Drawing insights ...from personal salience and person-job fit theory, our research explored the partial mediation effect of importance given to work characteristics in the relation between 18 work characteristics and job performance in a sample of Colombian workers from different economic sectors (N = 817). We found that 17 out of 18 work characteristics indirectly influenced job performance through its effect on importance. These findings emphasize the role of personal antecedents on job performance with clear implications for research and practice (job design and selection).
The study of the association between the socioecological system and people's subjective well-being (SWB) is crucial to improve residents' lives and achieve balanced regional development. However, it ...is challenging to quantitatively identify the specific association path and the contributions of both social and ecological factors to residents' SWB. In this study, we construct a framework for research on associations with SWB from a socioecological perspective. A resource-based city in rapid transition, Wuhai, China, was chosen as the research area. The effects of social characteristics and ecosystem services on residents' SWB were analyzed using questionnaires and multilevel linear models under different matching conditions of ecosystem services supply and demand. The results show differences in residents' SWB among different ecosystem service supply and demand zones. The contribution rates of social characteristics and ecosystem services to SWB differences were 93.98% and 6.02%, respectively. Compared with the SWB of urban residents, that of residents in suburban and rural areas is more affected by ecosystem services. In addition, provisioning services have a more significant association with residents' SWB than regulating services, especially for elderly and low-income people. The results show that in resource-based cities undergoing rapid transformation, the government should protect essential ecosystem services and focus on improving the employment and education levels of rural residents to effectively enhance their SWB and ensure the stable development of the socioecological system.
•Quantify the impact of social-ecological system on subjective well-beings (SWB).•Construct the social ecological framework of influencing factors of SWB.•SWB are significantly different in different ecosystem services conditions.•Social system has a greater impact on SWB than ecological system.•Income, age and ecological consciousness all have an impact on residents' SWB.
Over the last 15 years, researchers have been increasingly interested in understanding the nature and development of children’s selective trust. Three meta‐analyses were conducted on a total of 51 ...unique studies (88 experiments) to provide a quantitative overview of 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children’s selective trust in an informant based on the informant’s epistemic or social characteristics, and to examine the relation between age and children’s selective trust decisions. The first and second meta‐analyses found that children displayed medium‐to‐large pooled effects in favor of trusting the informant who was knowledgeable or the informant with positive social characteristics. Moderator analyses revealed that 4‐year‐olds were more likely to endorse knowledgeable informants than 3‐year‐olds. The third meta‐analysis examined cases where two informants simultaneously differed in their epistemic and social characteristics. The results revealed that 3‐year‐old children did not selectively endorse informants who were more knowledgeable but had negative social characteristics over informants who were less knowledgeable but had positive social characteristics. However, 4‐ to 6‐year‐olds consistently prioritized epistemic cues over social characteristics when deciding who to trust. Together, these meta‐analyses suggest that epistemic and social characteristics are both valuable to children when they evaluate the reliability of informants. Moreover, with age, children place greater value on epistemic characteristics when deciding whether to endorse an informant’s testimony. Implications for the development of epistemic trust and the design of studies of children’s selective trust are discussed.
We conducted three meta‐analyses to estimate the effect sizes of 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children’s selective trust. The results demonstrate that children are sensitive to an informant’s epistemic and social characteristics when evaluating their reliability. Moreover, the effects of informants’ epistemic characteristics were moderated by children’s age, with children beginning to prioritize epistemic characteristics over social ones at age four. Our findings also suggest that age 4 might be a key transition period for children’s attention to and use of epistemic characteristics to selective social learning, and their responses to ask and endorse questions might be based on different motivational and epistemic considerations.
The relationship between anxiety and mathematics has often been investigated in the literature. Different forms of anxiety have been evaluated, with math anxiety (MA) and test anxiety (TA) ...consistently being associated with various aspects of mathematics. In this meta-analysis, we have evaluated the impact of these forms of anxiety, distinguishing between different types of mathematical tasks. In investigating this relationship, we have also included potential moderators, such as age, gender, working memory, type of task, and type of material. One hundred seventy-seven studies met the inclusion criteria, providing an overall sample of 906,311 participants. Results showed that both MA and TA had a significant impact on mathematics. Sociodemographic factors had modest moderating effects. Working memory (WM) also mediated the relationship between MA and TA with mathematics; however, this indirect effect was weak. Theoretical and educational implications, as well as future directions for research in this field, are discussed.
A modern assessment of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders indicates an increase in the number of patients 1. As a rule, rates up to 3-4 cases per 10,000 of the population refl ect the ...prevalence of typical forms of autistic disorders, such as early childhood autism and Kanner’s syndrome 2. With a broader assessment of other disorders that are included in the group of general disorders of mental development, the prevalence rates increase from 7.6 per 1000 to 157 per 10,000 3, 4. A signifi cant increase in patients with childhood and older autism inevitably leads to the actualisation of scientifi c research on social problems 5. Th e aim of the research: to study the social characteristics of patients with autistic disorders of childhood, hospitalised in a psychiatric hospital for the fi rst time. Results: a ccording to the results of a comparative analysis, children with autism were signifi cantly more have a disability group than children with mental retardation (53.3 % and 13.5 %, p<0.05), and were also signifi cantly less to be social orphans and were fully supported by the state till the time of fi rst hospitalisation (2.6 % and 35.1 %, p<0.05). It was found that a relatively comparable number of children of both groups lived in single-parent families (20.5 % and 25.7 %); statistical signifi cance corresponded to the level of random diff erences in this indicator. Th ere was a clear trend towards a more prosperous situation for autistic children. Patients with autism spectrum disorder were less likely than those with intellectual disability to be in care (5.1 % vs. 21.6 %) and also less likely to have parents with alcohol or drug addiction (7.7 % vs. 20.3 %). However, the assessment of statistical signifi cance in order to recognise the signifi cant diff erences between groups in these parameters did not reach a statistically signifi cant level. Conclusions: it was found that paediatric patients with autism spectrum disorders, who were first hospitalised in a hospital, were significantly more come from a more prosperous family environment than patients with mental retardation
Government chatbots have become increasingly popular as artificial-intelligence-based tools to improve communication between the government and its citizens. This study explores the interaction mode ...design of a trustworthy government chatbot, which involves multiple social characteristics from the user-centric perspective. A discrete choice experiment was conducted in the context of Chinese government chatbots to examine the effects of various social characteristics on citizen preferences. Participants utilized a crowdsourcing survey platform to report their preferences for interaction processes designed with distinct sets of social characteristics. Valid data were obtained from 371 participants and analyzed using a multinomial logit model. The results indicate that (in order from highest to lowest impact) emotional intelligence, proactivity, identity consistency, and conscientiousness significantly influence the citizens' preferences. Identity consistency has a negative effect, whereas the other factors all have positive impacts. It was also determined that some of these correlations are influenced by the participants' individual characteristics, such as age, gender, and prior experience with chatbots. This work provides empirical evidence for the relative importance of social characteristics and their impacts on user perception, expands the service dimension scope of information provision/communication (one of five categories of digital interaction), and facilitates the identification and operationalization of the social characteristics. We provide a theoretical framework to understand the interaction model design of a trustworthy government chatbot and also offer practical recommendations for government chatbot designers and policy implications.
•We identified five key social characteristics for government chatbots.•A discrete choice experiment was conducted to examine the relative importance of these social characteristics.•Emotional intelligence, proactivity, identity consistency, and conscientiousness significantly impact citizen preferences.•These significant effects are reduced gradually.•Some effects were strengthened or weakened by individual factors such as age, gender, and prior chatbot usage experience.
Background: Indonesian Population Demographic Survey (IDHS) in 2017 stated that the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia was 309/100,000 live births. According to Ristica (2017) the high ...maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is caused by the unpreparedness of the mother in facing childbirth. Maternal unpreparedness is usually seen among primigravida who struggle in preparing for childbirth as they have yet experience in delivering. Geniofam in Muthoharoh explained (2018) the factors that influence mother's readiness including knowledge, education, socio-culture and economy.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the mother social characteristic (age, education, occupation) that affect the readiness of primigravida in facing childbirthMethods: This type of research is analytical research with an observational approach. The sample in this study involved 53 primigravida on the third trimester of pregnancy. Data collection was carried out by filling out questionnaires on the readiness of mothers to face childbirth by respondents.Results: The results of statistical tests showed that age, education, or occupation did not affect mother's readiness in dealing with childbirth with p value > 0.05.Conclussions: mother’s social characteristics do not affect the readiness of primigravida in facing childbirth.
Lesbian and bisexual women experience significantly higher rates of sexual assault and rape compared with heterosexual women. Despite this, researchers have yet to distinguish whether sexual ...orientation itself or some other related social characteristics explain these higher rates. The objective of this study was to analyze women’s rates of sexual assault and rape across sexual orientation status while accounting for other social characteristics (e.g., race, education, income, outness). Women (N = 1,366), who identified as lesbian (31%), bisexual (32%), and heterosexual (31%), completed a nationally distributed, cross-sectional online survey in 2016. Victimization and repeat victimization were assessed using a modified version of Sexual Experience Survey–Short Form Victimization. Overall, 63% of bisexual, 49% of lesbian, and 35% of heterosexual women reported experiencing rape in their lifetime. When holding all other social characteristics constant, sexual orientation remained a significant predictor in the model. Compared with the odds of heterosexual women experiencing sexual assault or rape, bisexual women (3.7 odds of victimization; 7.3 odds of repeat victimization) and lesbian women (3.2 odds of repeat victimization) were disproportionately victimized. Sexual orientation clearly plays a role in sexual victimization risk, independent of other measured sociodemographic indicators. Continued research is needed to explore possible mechanisms behind sexual assault and rape prevalence, as well as the influence of contextual factors of victimization risk among sexual minority men.
We investigated trends in associations between physical and social neighbourhood and school characteristics and adolescent mental health problems between 2005 and 2017. Nationally representative, ...repeated cross-sectional data collected in the Netherlands among primary (N = 5,871) and secondary school students (N = 20,778) were analysed through cross-classified multilevel models. Hardly any evidence was found for over-time changes in associations between neighbourhood and school characteristics and adolescent mental health problems. Findings showed that for both groups of students, only social characteristics within the two contexts were associated with adolescent mental health problems. For secondary school students, school effects were larger than neighbourhood effects, while the opposite was true for primary school students. Specifically, primary school students residing in more socially fragmented or lower socioeconomic status (SES) neighbourhoods, and lower SES schools, reported more conduct problems and peer relationship problems. For secondary school students, only the SES of the neighbourhood and the school was associated with all four aspects of mental health problems. Remarkably, the direction of the associations between neighbourhood/ school SES and adolescent mental health problems varied across the different mental health outcomes. More research is warranted to replicate our findings.
•First investigation changing role geographic contexts on adolescent mental health.•Associations for neighbourhood and school characteristics were stable over time.•Only social characteristics in two contexts associated with adolescent mental health.•For primary school students, neighbourhood effects were larger than school effects.•For secondary school students, school effects were larger than neighbourhood effects.
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