Global Interactions in the Early Modern Age is an interdisciplinary introduction to cross-cultural encounters in the early modern age (1400–1800) and their influences on the development of world ...societies. In the aftermath of Mongol expansion across Eurasia, the unprecedented rise of imperial states in the early modern period set in motion interactions between people from around the world. These included new commercial networks, large-scale migration streams, global biological exchanges, and transfers of knowledge across oceans and continents. These in turn wove together the major regions of the world. In an age of extensive cultural, political, military, and economic contact, a host of individuals, companies, tribes, states, and empires were in competition. Yet they also cooperated with one another, leading ultimately to the integration of global space.
Background: The majority of patients pursuing Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (MBS) know someone who also had surgery, referred to as a social history (hx) of MBS. The objective of this study was to ...define the number of people patients knew who had MBS and relationship to patient, and associations between social hx of MBS with patients' selection of procedure and weight loss outcomes. Methods: 123 patients were included who had MBS from 2021 to 2022 (83.7% female; 44.7% Sleeve, 55.3% Bypass). For up to five people, patients provided their relationship to each and surgical procedure, and completed the Family Assessment Device (FAD) General Functioning scale. Descriptives determined frequency and type of social hx of MBS and congruence in procedure. Three mixed multilevel models were conducted with (1) close friend hx, (2) coworker hx, and (3) close family hx of MBS including the FAD on change in %TWL over 12 months with surgical procedure as a covariate. Results: 91% of patients had a social hx of MBS, knowing an average 2.66 people. Patients reported a close friend (56.1%), close family member (43.9%), distant friend (20.3%), coworker (19.5%), and distant family member (14.6%) who had MBS. Patients' choice of procedure was not associated with knowing someone who had the same procedure (p = 0.810). In the close friend model, patients with a close friend who had MBS had less %TWL (p = 0.015), which did not change over time. In the coworker model, patients with a coworker who had MBS had greater %TWL (p = 0.012), which did not change over time. In the close family model, patients with a close family member who had MBS and reported healthy family functioning vs impaired functioning had greater %TWL over 12-months (p = 0.016). Conclusions: The majority of patients knew multiple people who had MBS, including close friends and family members. Patients with a close family member hx of MBS who had healthy family functioning had more weight loss, indicating that relationship quality makes a difference when considering close family history of MBS on patient postoperative weight loss. Future research should further explore how support and communication between patients and those they know with a hx of MBS associates with patient outcomes.
To obtain sacred relics, medieval monks plundered tombs, avaricious merchants raided churches, and relic-mongers scoured the Roman catacombs. In a revised edition ofFurta Sacra, Patrick Geary ...considers the social and cultural context for these acts, asking how the relics were perceived and why the thefts met with the approval of medieval Christians.
The presented text is a report on the scientific seminar entitled. "The past and contemporary significance of landed gentry in creating cultural identity among the local community," which took place ...on February 18, 2022 at the headquarters of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Heritage Center.
Im »pöbel« oder »pofel« erkannten die Gelehrten bereits in der Frühen Neuzeit eine große Gefahr für das Gemeinwesen: für die Ordnung des Staates, aber auch für die Konventionen der frühneuzeitlichen ...Gelehrtenrepublik selbst. Durch Mangel an Arbeitsfleiß und Bildungstrieb stört der Pöbel seitdem immer wieder die soziale Ordnung. Wer oder was aber ist dieser Pöbel, von dem auch die Gegenwart wieder zu berichten weiß? Wer nannte wen wann und aus welchem Grund »Pöbel«? Roman Widders Studie verbindet Sozial-, Protest- und Literaturgeschichte, um ein fundiertes historisches Verständnis des Pöbels als Verwerfung arbeitender Armut zu entwickeln. Gerade für die Dichtkunst war der Pöbel ein omnipräsentes Problem, weil sich in ihm die Prekarisierung des literarischen Lebens artikulierte. Verstanden als Sprechakt und figura - als Sozial- und Redefigur gleichermaßen - fällt die Rede vom Pöbel nämlich auf den Sprecher zurück. Die Exklusion der Ehrlosen aus dem literarischen Gewerbe zeugt deshalb keineswegs von der elitären Autonomie der Urteilenden; sie soll vielmehr den schwankenden Wert der eigenen Rede steigern und bringt so die materiellen Voraussetzungen publizistischer Rede zur Sprache. Der Pöbel als Figur der Poetik korrespondiert dabei in der Frühen Neuzeit mit verwandten Figuren wie dem Pickelhering in der Komödie und dem Pikaro im Roman. In Texten u.a. von Opitz, Gryphius und Grimmelshausen zeigt Widder, dass der Pöbel als Übersetzungsfigur zwischen symbolischem und ökonomischem Kapital zu deuten ist. Dabei rückt besonders die massive Geldentwertung der sogenannten Kipper- und Wipperzeit um 1620 in den Blick, denn bereits hier ist die Überschneidung politischer und literarischer Exklusionsbestrebungen exemplarisch greifbar. Im Zuge der Formierung der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft zu Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts kommt die Entwertung arbeitender Armut (labouring poor) als »Pöbel« schließlich zur vollen Entfaltung.
When the First Crusade ended with the conquest of Jerusalem in 1099, jubilant crusaders returned home to Europe bringing with them stories, sacred relics, and other memorabilia, including banners, ...jewelry, and weapons. In the ensuing decades, the memory of the crusaders' bravery and pious sacrifice was invoked widely among the noble families of western Christendom. Popes preaching future crusades would count on these very same families for financing, leadership, and for the willing warriors who would lay down their lives on the battlefield. Despite the great risks and financial hardships associated with crusading, descendants of those who suffered and died on crusade would continue to take the cross, in some cases over several generations. Indeed, as Nicholas L. Paul reveals inTo Follow in Their Footsteps, crusading was very much a family affair.
Scholars of the crusades have long pointed to the importance of dynastic tradition and ties of kinship in the crusading movement but have failed to address more fundamental questions about the operation of these social processes. What is a "family tradition"? How are such traditions constructed and maintained, and by whom? How did crusading families confront the loss of their kin in distant lands? Making creative use of Latin dynastic narratives as well as vernacular literature, personal possessions and art objects, and architecture from across western Europe, Paul shows how traditions of crusading were established and reinforced in the collective memories of noble families throughout the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Even rulers who never fulfilled crusading vows found their political lives dominated and, in some ways, directed by the memory of their crusading ancestors. Filled with unique insights and careful analysis,To Follow in Their Footstepsreveals the lasting impact of the crusades, beyond the expeditions themselves, on the formation of dynastic identity and the culture of the medieval European nobility.
Das Buch untersucht den Aufstieg des Verhaltenswissens seit der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts sowie dessen praktische und politische Konsequenzen Die Frage, wie menschliches Verhalten beeinflusst werden ...kann, ist in der jüngsten Zeitgeschichte virulenter geworden. Auf der Basis verhaltenswissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse versprechen Expert:innen, Menschen durch subtile Interventionen glücklicher, gesünder und wohlhabender zu machen. Zugleich haben die Digitalisierung und Datafizierung unserer Welt Ängste vor einer umfassenden Verhaltensmanipulation und -kontrolle verschärft. Das Buch zeigt, dass es keineswegs selbstverständlich ist, Menschen nicht als handelnde Subjekte, sondern als sich verhaltende Organismen zu begreifen. Es untersucht, wie seit der Behavioral Revolution in der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts in verschiedenen Wissensfeldern, von den Wirtschafts- über die Psychowissenschaften bis zur Kriminologie, ein spezifisches Verhaltenswissen entwickelt wurde. Davon ausgehend analysiert es dessen Bedeutung für den Wandel politischer Steuerungstechniken vor allem in Bezug auf das Umwelt-, Gesundheits- und Finanzverhalten seit den 1970er Jahren.
This article considers the actions of migrant recruiters who organised the movement of people in Europe in the early modern period and thereafter. Recruiters were responsible for the systemisation of ...migration and their actions resulted in a competition in the European labour market which prompted state-level responses to emigration and immigration, and to people on the move. Europeans encountered opportunities to emigrate through their interactions with recruiters and by reading about life abroad; travel and travel writing brought people face to face with curiosity and wonder. Stories of life abroad were collected, categorised, and brought home and migrant recruiters exploited the growing curiosity about the wider world. Recruiters aided migrants in reaching a decision to leave and an examination of their actions and motivations aids in understanding the origins of large-scale migration in the nineteenth century and after.
The wedding and the marriage was a very important stage of early modern society life, it was not only a social event, but the boundary between childhood and adulthood. For a noble like Mihály Teleki, ...successful marriage helped to develop in administration and to improve economic resources. To Mihály Teleki marriage is an opportunity of upward social mobility. In this paper we discuss about these matrimonial strategies and we identify their meanings.
