Abstract This study aims to explore the attitudes of adolescents toward peers with disabilities, as well as its relationship with sociodemographic and psychological variables and contact experience. ...A total of 190 students, between 12 and 17 years old, participated in this study. Data collection was made through a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Chedoke-McMaster Attitudes Towards Children with Handicaps Scale, the Basic Empathy Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale. Results suggest that the attitudes of adolescents towards peers with disabilities are generally positive. Female, younger students and students who have contact with persons with disabilities out of school tend to have more positive attitudes. Empathy was positively correlated with attitudes.
Résumé Cette étude vise à examiner les attitudes des adolescents à l’égard de leurs pairs handicapés et à analyser leur relation avec des variables sociodémographiques et psychologiques et l’expérience de contact. 190 élèves, entre 12 et 17 ans, y ont participé. Un questionnaire sociodémographique a été utilisé, ainsi que l’échelle Chedoke-McMaster des attitudes envers les enfants en situation de handicap, l’échelle de base de l’empathie, l’échelle de l’estime de soi de Rosenberg et l’échelle de satisfaction globale de vie. Les résultats indiquent que les attitudes des adolescents sont globalement positives. Femmes adolescentes, les élèves les plus jeunes et ceux qui ont déclaré avoir des contacts avec des personnes handicapées en dehors de l’école ont manifesté des attitudes plus positives. Des corrélations positives ont été observées entre les attitudes et l’empathie.
Resumen Este estudio pretende explorar las actitudes de los adolescentes hacia sus pares con discapacidad y analizar su relación con variables sociodemográficas, psicológicas y la experiencia de contacto. Participaron 190 alumnos, con edades entre los 12 y los 17 años. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, la Chedoke-McMaster Attitudes Towards Children with Handicaps Scale, la Escala de Empatía Básica, la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg y la Escala de Satisfacción Global con la Vida. Los resultados indicaron que las actitudes de los adolescentes son globalmente positivas. Mujeres adolescentes, los alumnos más jóvenes y los que reportaron tener contacto con personas con discapacidad fuera de la escuela tuvieron actitudes más positivas. Se registraron correlaciones positivas entre las actitudes y la empatía.
Resumo Este estudo pretende explorar as atitudes dos adolescentes face aos pares com deficiência e analisar sua relação com variáveis sociodemográficas e psicológicas e experiência de contacto. Participaram 190 alunos, com idades entre 12 e 17 anos. Recorreu-se a um questionário sociodemográfico, à Chedoke-McMaster Attitudes Towards Children with Handicaps Scale, à Escala de Empatia Básica, à Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg e à Escala de Satisfação Global com a Vida. Os resultados indicaram que as atitudes dos adolescentes são globalmente positivas. As adolescentes, os alunos mais novos e os que relataram ter contacto com pessoas com deficiência fora da escola apresentaram atitudes mais positivas. Registaram-se correlações positivas entre as atitudes e a empatia.
•Policy should account for barriers to digital technology use in older adults.•Impacts of digital technology at the micro and macro levels relate to inclusion.•Behaviours of digital technology use ...synthesise across societies and communities.•Older adults use digital technology to facilitate and include themselves and others.•Digital technology empowers and protects older adults from the digital divide.
As more and more of the business of society is transferred and conducted online, older adults frequently find themselves without the skills to participate effectively. This is frequently confounded by limited physical mobility and a decrease in their social network and contact. This paper examines the lived reality of that process and how digital technology could be used to enhance the life activity of older adults and their wellbeing by increasing their social network. Seventeen older adults (10 female, 7 male Mage=71.67, SDage=10.05) participated in two focus groups that each lasted approximately 90min. Interpretative phenomenological analysis yielded two main themes: digital technology serving as a tool to disempower and empower. Findings support evidence of a digital divide and how that divide is evolving from the ideographic perspective of digitally-engaged older adults and for society. Discussions also surround barriers to digital technology use for older adults, the codification of digital technology use within society, and how older adults use digital technology in a facilitative and inclusive way to empower themselves and protect them from the negative effects of the digital divide.
Transportation use affects participation in daily activities, health and well-being. Persons with disabilities rely on paratransit services if they are not able to use public transport. The per-trip ...costs of paratransit services in Switzerland are high, and the responsibility for financing these trips (e.g., social insurance, canton) varies depending on the purpose of travel. We hypothesized that cost and financing factors of paratransit services increase dissatisfaction with participation in daily activities of persons with disabilities in Switzerland. The study's objective is to investigate which cost and financing factors affect dissatisfaction with participation in daily activities.
Using a cross-sectional study design, we conducted a self-administered online questionnaire. We included paratransit service users or relatives of paratransit service users aged 18 years or older. We analyzed the data using the multiple correspondence-, lasso- and regression analysis.
A statistically significant effect on lower levels of dissatisfaction with participation in daily activities had high costs of paratransit services (Odds ratio (OR) = 3.45, 95% Confidence interval (CI) 1.41, 8.36), not using paratransit services to leisure activities (OR = 2.39, 95% CI 1.28, 4.58) and work (OR = 4.11, 95% CI 1.22, 20.89), and getting trips financed to leisure activities by social insurances and benefits (OR = 3.06, 95% CI 1.08, 8.42).
Concerning the influence of transportation on health and wellbeing, policy-makers and transportation planners may reflect on the effect of cost and financing factors of paratransit services on dissatisfaction with participation in daily activities of persons with disabilities. This is particularly important when the dissatisfaction stems from reduced use of paratransit services for leisure activities, due to high costs.
•Persons with disabilities face paratransit cost and financing barriers in Switzerland.•Barriers in using paratransit increase dissatisfaction with participation.•High costs and lack of paratransit for work and leisure increase dissatisfaction.
O Brasil é um país de grandes desigualdades sociais, e tanto ao esporte, como a projetos sociais, são creditados como potenciais alteradores dessas realidades. Desse princípio, esse estudo busca ...compreender como foram estudados, planejados, e avaliados os projetos esportivos sociais, a partir da literatura científica. Foi realizada uma revisão com características de metanálise qualitativa no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES com os descritores ‘projeto’; ‘esportivo’; e ‘social’; e após a inclusão apenas de periódicos revisados por pares, leitura dos títulos e dos resumos, e consequente exclusão de artigos que não tratassem especificamente de projetos esportivos de caráter social, chegou-se a um total de nove artigos para a leitura completa. As temáticas mais relevantes para o objetivo da pesquisa foram as de “vulnerabilidades sociais”, a “diversidade de metodologias utilizadas para a obtenção dos resultados”, e “lacunas encontradas nas discussões/omissões sobre as metodologias trabalhadas e avaliações dos objetivos declarados”. Conclui-se a partir dos resultados das falas dos participantes que aqueles espaços são valiosos, devido ao oferecimento de vivências diversas a dureza encontrada no cotidiano dos espaços periféricos aos quais são inseridos. Entretanto acredita-se que há formas apontadas na literatura de planejar, executar, e avaliar os efeitos no mundo da vida desses jovens de forma mais eficaz. Pretende-se que esta revisão possa servir de base para futuros estudos que busquem realizar estudos empíricos em outros projetos sociais esportivos, devido à qualidade percebida na abordagem metodológica dos artigos.
For young people with refugee backgrounds, establishing a sense of belonging to their family and community, and to their country of resettlement is essential for wellbeing. This paper describes the ...psychosocial factors associated with subjective health and wellbeing outcomes among a cohort of 97 refugee youth (aged 11–19) during their first three years in Melbourne, Australia. The findings reported here are drawn from the Good Starts Study, a longitudinal investigation of settlement and wellbeing among refugee youth conducted between 2004 and 2008. The overall aim of Good Starts was to identify the psychosocial factors that assist youth with refugee backgrounds in making a good start in their new country. A particular focus was on key transitions: from pre-arrival to Australia, from the language school to mainstream school, and from mainstream school to higher education or to the workforce. Good Starts used a mix of both method and theory from anthropology and social epidemiology. Using standardized measures of wellbeing and generalised estimating equations to model the predictors of wellbeing over time, this paper reports that key factors strongly associated with wellbeing outcomes are those that can be described as indicators of belonging – the most important being subjective social status in the broader Australian community, perceived discrimination and bullying. We argue that settlement specific policies and programs can ultimately be effective if embedded within a broader socially inclusive society – one that offers real opportunities for youth with refugee backgrounds to flourish.
Having a sense of social inclusion and belonging, typically characterized by our personal relationships and community participation, is the central essence of life for most people, yet it remains ...elusive for many people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). This article summarizes the work of a diverse group of researchers and advocates to propose 6 big-picture, equity-based goals to drive future research in the field: (1) understanding the role of intersectionality, (2) understanding intimate relationships, (3) promoting formation of communities of care to support social inclusion, (4) understanding life course trajectories of social inclusion, (5) understanding social inclusion in virtual spaces, and (6) understanding how to promote social inclusion in the entire research process.
Diversity and prosocial behavior Baldassarri, Delia; Abascal, Maria
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
09/2020, Letnik:
369, Številka:
6508
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Immigration and globalization have spurred interest in the effects of ethnic diversity in Western societies. Most scholars focus on whether diversity undermines trust, social capital, and collective ...goods provision. However, the type of prosociality that helps heterogeneous societies function is different from the in-group solidarity that glues homogeneous communities together. Social cohesion in multiethnic societies depends on whether prosocial behavior extends beyond close-knit networks and in-group boundaries. We identify two features of modern societies-social differentiation and economic interdependence-that can set the stage for constructive interactions with dissimilar others. Whether societal adaptations to diversity lead toward integration or division depends on the positions occupied by minorities and immigrants in the social structure and economic system, along with the institutional arrangements that determine their political inclusion.
Learning to code and to develop a range of digital skills has been purported to help nations remain economically competitive. Development of these skills has been touted as a way to prepare workers ...for tech jobs and increase their social mobility. However, this focus is quite narrow and does not recognize the benefits of learning to code beyond the economic benefits. In this paper, we present results from a qualitative study of ‘go_girl: code + create’, a multidisciplinary computing program that places the needs of marginalized young women, aged 16–21, who are not in education, employment or training (NEET) at its centre. This study, based on in-depth, semi-structured open-ended interviews of nine participants at the beginning, mid-point and end of the program, examines changes in the self-concepts of these participants. This study demonstrates the role technology can play in facilitating changes in self-concepts and contributes to studies that examine the identity/self-concept of young underrepresented women participating in computing initiatives. Qualitative content analysis was applied to the interview data which revealed enhanced self-concepts in relation to education, career aspirations and technology use over the duration of the program. Participants' aspirations were either broadened or clarified and they began to view themselves as makers and not merely consumers of technology.
•Coding and creating served as a conduit for strengthening academic self-concept•Technological, social and psychological empowerment facilitated social inclusion•Learning to code and create increased confidence and the capacity to aspire•Seeing the self as a creator (and not just a consumer) of tech was a salient outcome
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