Gemeinschaftsunterkünfte spielen bei der Unterbringung Geflüchteter eine zentrale Rolle. Jedoch gibt es die Befürchtung, dass diese Art der Unterbringung die soziale Integration der Geflüchteten ...behindert. Denn es wird angenommen, dass die baulichen und räumlichen Charakteristika der Gemeinschaftsunterkünfte Kontakte zwischen den Geflüchteten und Personen der Aufnahmegesellschaft erschweren oder gar unterbinden. Inwieweit dies zutrifft, ist jedoch nicht eindeutig geklärt, da hierzu bislang nur wenige und sich teilweise widersprechende Befunde vorliegen. Zur Verbesserung der Befundlage werden daher die Daten der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten aus dem Jahr 2018 analysiert. Es zeigt sich, dass in Gemeinschaftsunterkünften wohnende Geflüchtete seltener Kontakte zu Deutschen in der Nachbarschaft haben und deshalb auch seltener Zeit mit Deutschen verbringen als Geflüchtete, die in Privatunterkünften wohnen. Eine zentrale Rolle spielt dabei die Größe der Gemeinschaftsunterkunft. Denn Geflüchtete, die in kleinen Gemeinschaftsunterkünften mit weniger als 20 Bewohner*innen untergebracht sind, haben genauso häufig Kontakte zu Deutschen in der Nachbarschaft und verbringen genauso häufig Zeit mit Deutschen wie in Privatunterkünften wohnende Geflüchtete.
Shared accommodations play a vital role in accommodating refugees. However, there is the concern that this kind of accommodation hampers the social integration of the refugees since it is assumed that the spatial and constructional characteristics of shared accommodations exacerbate or even prevent contacts between refugees and members of the host society. To what extent this applies has not yet been conclusively determined since only few and partly contradictory evidence exist. Therefore, data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Refugee Survey from 2018 is analyzed to improve the state of evidence in this regard. It can be shown that refugees living in shared accommodations have less (often) contact to Germans in their neighbourhood and hence spend also less (often) time with Germans than refugees living in private accommodations. However, the size of the shared accommodation plays a central role in this regard. Refugees living in small shared accommodations with less than 20 inhabitants are as often in contact with Germans in the neighbourhood and spend as often time with them as refugees living in private accommodations.
Social Cohesion in Health Miller, Hailey N; Thornton, Clifton P; Tamar, Rodney ...
Advances in nursing science,
10/2020, Letnik:
43, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The concept of social cohesion has been indicated to be a critical social determinant of health in recent literature. Inconsistencies surrounding the conceptualization and operationalization have ...made utilizing these findings to inform health intervention and policy difficult. The objective of this article is to provide a theoretical clarification of the concept “social cohesion,” as it relates to health behaviors and outcomes by using the Rodgers' evolutionary method for concept analyses. This article uncovers the critical attributes, antecedents, and consequences of social cohesion and provides reflection on future use of social cohesion in health literature.
Migration and integration research has been institutionalized over the last few decades. However, an increasing number of voices has been calling for more reflexivity, criticizing the nation-state- ...and ethnicity-centred epistemology that often informs this discipline. Consistently with this line of reasoning, I argue that migration and integration research originates in a historically institutionalized nation-state migration apparatus and is thus entangled with a particular normalization discourse. Therefore, this field of study contributes to reproducing the categories of this particular migration apparatus. This entanglement poses some serious dilemmas for this research tradition, dilemmas that ask for further consideration and possible solutions. My main proposition is to 'de-migranticize' migration and integration research. I outline possible ways of doing so and discuss the consequences of such a strategy for the future of migration and integration studies. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Abstract
Background and Objectives
Older adults maintain ties to long-duration social partners, some with whom have regular contact and some with whom have little contact. We asked whether these ties ...with little contact still offer a sense of connection and security, and buffer the effects of interpersonal stress in daily life. Helping older adults foster these ties may improve their mental health.
Research Design and Methods
Participants (n = 313) aged 65+ completed a baseline interview reporting duration and contact frequency of their closest ties. Then, participants completed ecological momentary assessments every 3 hr for 5–6 days, reporting their social encounters and mood.
Results
We classified ties according to duration (10+ years = long vs shorter duration) and frequency of contact (at least once a month = active vs dormant). Throughout the day, participants were more likely to have stressful encounters with long-duration active ties. Encounters with active ties were associated with more positive mood (regardless of duration) and encounters with long-duration dormant ties with more negative mood. Having more active ties buffered effects of interpersonal stress on mood, but more long-duration dormant ties exacerbated these effects.
Discussion and Implications
Supporting social integration theory, ties with frequent contact were associated with positive mood. Surprisingly, long-duration ties with infrequent contact exacerbated effects of interpersonal stress on mood. Older adults who lack contact with long-duration social partners may be more sensitive to interpersonal stress. Future interventions might focus on phone or electronic media to increase contact with long-duration social partners.
Environmental Dimensions of Migration Hunter, Lori M; Luna, Jessie K; Norton, Rachel M
Annual review of sociology,
08/2015, Letnik:
41, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Research on the environmental dimensions of human migration has made important strides in recent years. However, findings have been spread across multiple disciplines with wide-ranging methodologies ...and limited theoretical development. This article reviews key findings of the field and identifies future directions for sociological research. We contend that the field has moved beyond linear environmental "push" theories toward a greater integration of context, including micro-level, meso-level, and macro-level interactions. We highlight findings that migration is often a household strategy to diversify risk (new economics of labor migration theory), interacting with household composition; individual characteristics; social networks; and historical, political, and economic contexts. We highlight promising developments in the field, including the recognition that migration is a long-standing form of environmental adaptation and yet only one among many forms of adaptation. Finally, we argue that sociologists could contribute significantly to migration-environment inquiry through attention to issues of inequality, perceptions, and agency vis-à-vis structure.
Living and working in a host country is challenging both for the host country as well as for the incoming migrants. Therefore, integration activities are essential for easing the transition. This ...book examines various practices of integrating migrants in European countries from national, organizational and individual perspectives.
Chinese students in the U.S. are confronted with the double jeopardy of virus and stigma amid the COVID19. This study focuses on their choice and impact of mask wearing during this pandemic. How do ...they navigate and negotiate the troubling and contradictory directives about masks coming from their home and host countries during this pandemic? What are the impacts of their experiences on their attitudes towards the American society? Drawing from stigma theory, we argue that what Chinese students experience when it comes to mask wearing is an exemplar of how stigma is socially constructed by power. Through 30 semi-structured and in-depth phone interviews with Chinese students, we find that Chinese students cope with such stigma through various mechanisms, and most notably, through the counter-narrative of discrediting the American mainstream belief in the usage of masks. However, they harbored these thoughts privately. In addition, we conclude that escalating geo-political tensions between the U.S. and China, coupled with the lack of social integration of Chinese students in America, will continue to alienate them, despite the subsequent destigmatization of mask-wearing in America.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We review the bourgeoning literature on ethno-racial diversity and its alleged effects on public trust and cohesion in the context of the evolution of the concept of social capital and earlier claims ...about its manifold positive effects. We present evidence that questions such claims and points to the roots of civicness and trust in deep historical processes associated with race and immigration. We examine the claims that immigration reduces social cohesion by drawing on the sociological classics to show the forms of cohesion that actually keep modern societies together. This leads to a typology that shows "communitarianism" to be just one such form and one not required, and not necessarily ideal, for the smooth operation of complex organizations and institutions. Implications of our conclusions for future research and immigration policy are discussed.
As immigrants settle in new places, they are faced with endless uncertainties that prevent them from feeling that they belong. From language barriers, to differing social norms, to legal boundaries ...separating them from established residents, they are constantly navigating shifting and contradictory expectations both to assimilate to their new culture and to honor their native one. In A Place to Call Home, Ernesto Castañeda offers a uniquely comparative portrait of immigrant expectations and experiences. Drawing on fourteen years of ethnographic observation and hundreds of interviews with documented and undocumented immigrants and their children, Castañeda sets out to determine how different locations can aid or disrupt the process of immigrant integration. Focusing on New York City, Paris, and Barcelona—immigration hubs in their respective countries—he compares the experiences of both Latino and North African migrants, and finds that subjective understandings, local contexts, national and regional history, and religious institutions are all factors that profoundly impact the personal journey to belonging.
Social Support and Sleep: A Meta-Analysis Kent de Grey, Robert G; Uchino, Bert N; Trettevik, Ryan ...
Health psychology,
08/2018, Letnik:
37, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Objective: While the implications of social support are increasingly well understood, no meta-analytic review to date has examined the intersection of the social support and sleep literatures. The ...aims of this meta-analysis were primarily to review the association between social support and sleep and additionally to test several proposed moderators from prior work. Method: Using a literature search and the ancestry approach, the review identified 61 studies with a total of 105,437 participants. Results: Random-effects modeling showed that greater social support was significantly related to improved sleep outcomes (Zr = −.152). These results were not moderated by the operationalization of support, study design, or chronic conditions. Conclusions: These data indicate a robust association between social support and favorable sleep outcomes.
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