The problem of description of the social vocabulary functioning in different linguistic strata in certain historical periods is considered on the example of the lexical representations of the topic ...of bribery in the Russian language. The relevance of the study is determined by the lack of a comprehensive description of the vocabulary of social interaction, including institutional relations, the scope of which includes bribery. It is shown that in the vocabulary of the Russian language this topic is represented by words, idioms and non-idiomatic expressions, as well as proverbs that reflect the perceptions of Russian native speakers of one of the parts of social interaction of citizens and government members. 312 linguistic facts, containing semes ‘bribery’, which are included in the structure of the meanings of the words that constitute the lexical-semantic field “Bribery” are identified. Ideographic net is developed, which determines the structure and composition of the field. It is noted that the semantic field center is the ideogram “the custom of taking bribes”; its key lexical represent is the noun bribery . The idea about this phenomenon as about custom is stated. Interpretive analysis of the contexts in which you use this concept is made. Based on the analysis it is concluded that proverbs objectify semantic components of the concept of custom: identifying, regulating, etc.
The problem of description of nominative sets in dictionary of social vocabulary of ideographic type is discussed. The purpose of creation of such dictionary is seen in the development of a ...comprehensive description of the words, calling the facts, objects, relations, interactions from the social sphere. The author reports that for this purpose linguistic units are extracted from the dictionaries of literary language, slang and dialects in different historical periods. It is indicated that the value of forming ideography is in the search and description of linguistic facts, not yet committed to existing dictionaries. The new material is taken primarily from newspaper journalism, which refers to important social and political issues. The rules for the selection of social categories on the basis of the analysis of assertive and presuppositional zones of word meaning are described. The methods of compiling dictionary entries and including illustrative material is explained. It is shown that the analysis of contexts identifies the examples of actualization of shades of meaning, connotations, optional semes, marking the belonging to the category of social vocabulary. In other cases, “social” forms nuclear part in the structure of language unit meaning. A fragment of the nominations of ideograph “mass action against the official authorities,” including linguistic facts from different time periods and linguistic idioms.
