Social processes are reflected in the development of the scientific community, so there is a reverse effect: changes in science lead to radical innovations in the management of social structures. The ...article conceptualizes relation between science development and ideologizing, deideologizing and re-ideologizing of society. Conceptual correlation and demarcation between the state-building ideology and the requirements of authorities to the science.
Recently, it has been claimed that Aristotle’s mechanics is a special case of Newton’s mechanics, adequate for speeds tending to zero (Grygiel 2020). I show in the article that this claim does not ...stand up to closer scrutiny. But there is a peculiar historical relationship between the two theories. Attempts to reconcile the tenets of Aristotelian mechanics with the results of everyday observations by Greek, Arabic, and Latin commentators led to the addition of the theory of impetus to this mechanics. The theory of impetus, in conjunction with the basic principles of Aristotle’s physics, led to conclusions that shattered the system’s coherence. In the seventeenth century, some of these conclusions were elevated to the rank of independent principles, and after being separated from their sources, they gave rise to the research program of Newtonian mechanics.
This paper contains the speech which has been performerd by Jean-Pierre Vernant as he got the Doctor honoris causa diplomaby the Masaryk University in Brno.
Jean-Pierre Vernant (1914–2007) byl bezesporu jedním z nejvlivnějších a nejinspirativnějších filosofů, kteří se ve 20. století zabývali starým řeckým mýtem a náboženstvím. Takzvaná „pařížská škola“, ...jejímž byl spiritus agens, byla volným uskupením badatelů s podobným, a přece různým přístupem. Zmínit je třeba přinejmenším historika Pierra Vidala- -Naqueta (1930–2006) a hellénistu Marcela Detienna (1935–2019), kteří s Vernantem pracovali na společných projektech a knihách. V tomto podnětném prostředí Vernant rozvinul originální metodu, s jejíž pomocí jsou staré řecké mýty vykládány na pozadí širšího kulturního kontextu nebo, chcete-li, ideologie, která formuje základní kategorie daného myšlení a vztahování se ke světu. Vernant bývá někdy považován za marxistu a strukturalistu. I když oběma těmto myšlenkovým proudům jistě vděčí za mnohé, marxistické a strukturalistické pojmy používá spíš jako nástroje analýzy a odmítá některá dogmata, na kterých ortodoxní marxisté a strukturalisté lpěli. Na jedné straně tak problematizuje schematičnost pojetí dějin u některých marxistů, na straně druhé neustále zdůrazňuje historický charakter klasifikačních struktur, které se snaží odhalit v základech starého řeckého myšlení.
Under Fredric Jameson’s ‘late modern’ capitalist system that birthed it, postmodernity has often been thought of (by both partitioners as well as critics) as a playful, not entirely serious thing. In ...his introductory essay on another key theorist of postmodernity, Jacques Baudrillard, Douglas Kellner states: “"Baudrillard obviously wants to have it both ways with social theorists thinking that he provides salient perspectives on contemporary social realities, that Baudrillard reveals what is really happening, that he tells it like it is. And yet more cynical anti-sociologists are encouraged to enjoy Baudrillard's fictions, his experimental discourse, his games, and his play. Likewise, he sometimes encourages cultural metaphysicians to read his work as serious reflections on the realities of our time, while winking a pataphysical aside to those skeptical of such undertakings. Thus, it is undecidable whether Baudrillard is best read as science fiction and pataphysics or as social theory."But the time for such a playful intellectual consumerism seems now as dated and out of place as a crowded high street or shopping mall.
The paper discusses the problem of essence and sense of history, especially modern history, mainly by discussing Thomas Langan’s position expressed in his 1978 essay “Searching in History for the ...Sense of It All,” The Review of Metaphysics, September.
Heidegger w Polsce Sobota, Daniel Roland
Archiwum historii filozofii i myśli społecznej,
2020, Letnik:
65, Številka:
65
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
This text is a report from the nationwide conference Heidegger in Poland, organized on 27–29 September 2018 in Jabłonna near Warsaw. The event involved a brief reflection on the reception of Martin ...Heidegger’s thoughts in Polish culture of the twentieth century, its directions, problems and conditions.
This paper aims at analyzing one of the fundamental existentials of Heidegger’s phenomenology, namely the existential of possibility. I attempt to prove, that the fundamental function it performs in ...the Dasein dynamics is making-possible (Ermöglichung). Our starting point is Tugendhat’s interpretation of Heidegger’s possibility. It is an interesting reading, but it misses the ontological side of possibility. Secondly, I point out the relation between possibility and the existentials of meaning, project and interpretation. Meaning, which is the aim of Dasein project, serves as the framework of possibilities’ space. This space is articulated by interpretation and revealed as the world. I distinguish the world from a set of relations connecting some things, and I attempt to demonstrate it as the dynamic space which makes all these ontic relations and all Dasein referring possible. To sum up, makingpossible is seen as drawing the paths to entities.
The article is an attempt to solve a dilemma in Platonic Gorgias, which is faced by a philosopher living in the reality of Greek polis, where he has to choose between his research interests and thus ...his absence from the current state policy, or the attitude of civic involvement in matters of the state. In the light of the findings made, the philosopher, whom Socrates embodies in Gorgias, refrains from participating in the political life full of perfidy and demagogy at that time. However, he puts forward a postulate, or even a programme of ethical improvement of citizens through individual didactic and educational work, which creates a new concept of political activity oriented on values other than the pragmatic goals of the then state activists
This study is an attempt at a logical analysis of Plato’s Gorgias, 519c–520e, on the teaching of political virtue by the Sophists. The logical construction of Plato’s argument is demonstrated on the ...basis of an earlier article of mine, in which my translation of the excerpt in question differs in three main points from the generally accepted rendition. Based on my suggested interpretation, I analyse the paradox posed by the statement that the Sophists’ pupils are just if they act unjustly towards themselves. I continue with a step-by-step examination of Plato’s syllogisms, proving that the Sophists are wrong to accuse their pupils of wickedness. In fact, it is the Sophists themselves who are wicked, falsely promising to teach the pupils virtue and make them good and well-living men. This is a deception, since Plato has proven that virtue cannot be taught. In order to confute the Sophists’ claims, he uses dialectic and, more specifically, the method of hypothesis. This refutation of the Sophists’ claims is similar to Socratic elenchus, by means of which incorrect positions are disproved and the truth is confirmed. Socrates made only one discovery, namely that he knew he knew nothing. His line of argument serves to encourage the interlocutor to strive on towards the truth, and such efforts are typically open-ended.
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