Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with high levels of distress, functional impairment, and morbidity. Perfectionism has been consistently identified as an important factor in the etiology and ...maintenance of disordered eating, and as a promising target for treatment efforts. To address the detrimental effects of perfectionism on disordered eating, further research is needed to better understand what mechanisms may influence the relationship between these variables. In the present research, we examined three constructs related to self-regulation as potential mediators of the relationship between perfectionism and disordered eating: positive self-compassion, distress tolerance, and social problem-solving. We collected data from a sample of racially and ethnically diverse undergraduate students (N = 280) using an online questionnaire battery. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), we developed measurement and structural models to meet criteria for good fit and tested the hypothesized relationships. Distress tolerance emerged as a robust, statistically significant mediator of the relationship between perfectionism and disordered eating. Social problem-solving and self-compassion did not mediate this relationship. Distress tolerance may counterbalance the cognitive load associated with perfectionism; freeing up mental resources to focus on resisting urges for immediate relief through engagement in maladaptive disordered eating.
•Potential mediators between perfectionism and disordered eating were probed.•Distress tolerance emerged as robust, statistically significant mediator of this relationship.•Distress tolerance should be considered in future ED prevention and treatment endeavors.
Western crisis communication theories focusing on individual attribution and stable underlying norms fail to account for crises embedded in larger social problems that lead to regulatory changes. By ...analysing three cases that Chinese crisis managers initially identified as "commission", "control" and "agreement" situations (Bradford & Garrett, 1995) but ended up as crises involving "absent standards", "bad standards" and "overrated standards", in which the first two resulted in normative changes, we highlight the deliberative potential of crisis communication embodied in the "standards situation". When neither journalistic narratives portraying the accused as a "villain" nor organizational accounts foregrounding a "victim/scapegoat" self-perception can contain attribution at individual levels, the society enters a deliberative mode that interrogates actors' collective guilt complicit in a crisis.
Objective: Drug abuse and its repercussions are of the most serious problems in society nowadays. This is because of their enormous influence on the individual, the family, and its social effects ...like crime, social marginalization, and death from overdose or suicide, as well as on the economy.The latest reports that are used gave a genuine assessment of the societal problem of drug abuse, and the results of these reports have also been evaluated to see if there are any negative consequences for drug abuse on families and individual and the methods that used to remedy these problems.Drug abuse has been shown in several studies and publications to have detrimental implications for families and individual members, particularly children. These problems clearly affect a huge number of people, not just the person with the condition; they typically put a strain on the family and its members.Conclusion: Drug abuse is a big social problem. In most climes, drug abusers will go to any way for getting the drug or substance. The social implications are a clear indication of how drug abuse can be a social problem.
This study aims to examine the mediating effects of social problem-solving (SPS) and coping efficacy (CE), the essential internal belief sets of self-system processes, on the relationship between ...cumulative risk (CR) and adolescent mental health. Chinese adolescents (grades 10–11;
N
= 675, female = 391) completed measures assessing CR, SPS, CE, anxiety and depression, and life satisfaction at two time points. To attribute the effects of CR on mental health to the modeled processes, we applied a short-term longitudinal design to collect data on CR, the mediators, and mental health. We also used multi-group confirmatory factor analysis and multi-group structural equation modeling to test for measurement and model invariance with respect to gender before we combined and analyzed subgroup data. The results indicated that gender did not influence the strength of the associations in the models for males and females. CR predicted Time 2 anxiety and depression and life satisfaction while controlling for Time 1 mental health. Furthermore, SPS and CE and CE alone mediated the relationship between CR and prospective life satisfaction. These findings suggest that severe adversity may lead to low life satisfaction and high anxiety and depression in adolescents. Severe adversity may also lead to low life satisfaction through compromised SPS and CE. The findings provide preliminary evidence for an intervention approach targeting SPS and CE to promote adolescents’ life satisfaction.
The issue of waste management has continued to attract global attention and several efforts have been made to find solutions to the problem of improper waste disposal mostly in the urban areas in the ...developing countries of the world. This study exploits the benefits of using social entrepreneurship in waste management and creation of wealth using primary school pupils in the central senatorial district of Ogun State. A descriptive survey research design was used for the study and 500 primary school pupils using volunteer sampling techniques. A self-constructed questionnaire titled “Students Perception on Social Entrepreneurship and Waste Management Questionnaire” (SPSEWMQ) (r =.82) was used as main instrument for the study. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings showed that social entrepreneurship helps pupils to gain skills of proper handling of waste, waste collection and disposal among others, also pupils benefited from the social entrepreneurship activities they embarked on in the area of helping them to develop skills of willingness to get things done, determination to achieve success, employment generation and wealth creation and social entrepreneurship activities did lead to gaining waste sorting skills by the pupils. It was recommended that social entrepreneurship skills should be developed in the pupils so as to participate as productive members of the society and that pupils should be encouraged to manage waste and turn it to wealth.
SAFE Mobile Application: Prevention of Violence Against Women Paico Campos, Meyluz Monica; Ramos-Cosi, Sebastian; Andrade-Arenas, Laberiano
International journal of engineering trends and technology,
12/2023, Letnik:
71, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Psychosocial late effects among survivors of pediatric brain tumors are common. For school-aged survivors, social skills deficits and isolation present a particular challenge. Social problem-solving ...is a social skill that is an important determinant of social outcomes and may yield a potential target for intervention.
School-aged youth (N = 65) 8-12 years of age (10.59 ± 1.36 years; 55.4% female, 86.2% white) who were 5.23 (SD = 2.44, range 2-10.9) years post-treatment for a brain tumor completed the Attributions and Coping Questionnaire, a measure of social problem-solving that uses vignettes to assess attribution of intent, subsequent emotional response, and imagined behavioral response to an interpersonal problem. Youth also completed self-reports of social functioning (PROMIS Peer Relationships, Self-Perception Profile). A caregiver completed additional measures of child social functioning (NIH Toolbox-Emotion Measures).
Survivors attributed unpleasant situations to accidental causes (neutral attribution) and responded in ways that prioritized the friendship (appeasement) or relied on adult intervention. Self-reported social functioning was higher among those who were less likely to avoid challenging social problem-solving situations.
Findings identified characteristic social problem-solving approaches among survivors, including a tendency to attribute ambiguous situations to accidental causes and to request adult assistance and/or maintain social relationships. This may indicate a possible avenue for intervention, with a focus on increasing survivors' understanding of the causes of potentially negative peer interactions and reducing their reliance on adults.
Background: In Japan, few studies have examined suicide risk for five-year relative survival rates for cancer sites. Since five-year relative survival rates differ by sex, we aim to examine suicide ...risk for patients with cancer separately for men and women.Methods: We estimated the risk of suicide among patients with cancer by sex in Japan compared to the general population, using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). Patients with cancer diagnosed between January 1, 1985–December 31, 2013 and registered in the Osaka Cancer Registry were followed-up with for up to 10 years. The outcome was suicide death. In addition, cancer sites were classified into three prognosis groups based on five-year relative survival rates: good (> 70%), moderate (40–70%), poor (< 40%).Results: Among 623 995 patients with cancer observed for 2 349 432 person-years, 1210 patients died by suicide (867 men and 343 women). The SMRs were almost equal for men (1.66, 95% CI, 1.55-1.77) and women (1.65, 95% CI, 1.48-1.83). SMRs for cancer prognosis groups were 1.01 (95% CI, 0.84-1.22) for men and 1.47 (95% CI, 1.24-1.73) for women in the good group, 1.53 (95% CI, 1.39-1.68) for men and 1.74 (95% CI, 1.47-2.05) for women in the moderate group, and 2.54 (95% CI, 2.27-2.85) for men and 1.87 (95% CI, 1.43-2.46) for women in the poor group.Conclusions: In this population, both sexes had higher suicide risk with poor prognosis, but the difference in SMRs between the good and poor groups was smaller for women than men.
According to the general mandatory military service law of Iran, the male citizens of the community are faced with a phenomenon called mandatory service. Social order has high importance in this ...situation. Given that young people are the most vulnerable group to social abnormalities, it is important to identify the factors involved in their prevention process. The goal of this study is to recognize the role of religiosity in determining disorder and deviant behaviors among soldiers. The statistical population of this study is composed soldiers of a military organization. This study is a survey-based quantitative study and the data collection instrument is questionnaire. The process of selecting the final sample has been based on classified randomized sampling, which has been distributed among 303 people based on the Cochran formula. Analysis of the two variables indicates a significant and reverse relationship between religiosity and disorder. Also, the multivariate analysis shows that among the four dimensions, the belief dimension (-0.357) has the highest total effect on the disorder, followed by the consequent dimension (-0.173), religious dimension (-0.133) and experimental dimension (-0.077) in the next influencing categories. Also, the coefficient of determination (R2) is calculated as 0/125%, which means that the four dimensions of religiosity are capable of predicting about 13% of the changes of “deviant behavior.
Objective: This article aimed to review and meta-analyse the relationship between social problem-solving and suicidal ideation, behavior, and risk (a combined measure of ideation and behavior). ...Method: A systematic search was carried out in February 2023 using PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PubMed. Key inclusion criteria were published studies that recruited adults (aged ≥ 16 years), clinical or nonclinical samples, and presented data on the relationship between social problem-solving and suicidal ideation, behavior, or risk. Findings were meta-analysed and narratively reviewed. Results: A total of 35 studies were included in the review. Meta-analyses showed small–medium-sized negative relationships between social problem-solving and suicidal ideation ( r = −.28) and suicide risk ( r = −.24). A narrative synthesis also suggested a relationship between social problem-solving and suicidal behavior. These relationships appeared to be partly explained by depression and/or hopelessness. The relationships between social problem-solving facets and suicidal ideation, behavior, and risk, varied. Discussion: These findings provide the most robust evidence to date for the role of social problem-solving in suicidality and have important implications for risk assessment and intervention development. The generalizability of the findings is limited due to study samples being biased toward young, female, university students from the United States. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
