Background and Objective: In order to plan scientific and socially- realistic program and with regard to the limited facilities and capacities of society, it is necessary to prioritize social ...problems and gradually plan to control them. The aim of this study was to evaluate students' perspectives of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences on social problems in campus and community. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional research carried out in Tabriz University of Medical Science in summer of 2017. After designing the questionnaire and evaluating its validity and reliability, the self-administered questionnaire was completed by 370 students. Convenience sampling method was used. Friedman test was applied to rank social harms. After data collection, data was entered into SPSS software version 16, and ranked social harms based on the mean rank scores of each item. Results: From the students’ point of view, unemployment with a score of 19.3, poverty 17.3, addiction 16.6, nepotism 16.6, and high prices 15.4 were the major social harms in the community. Nepotism 9.2, lack of motivation 8.6, lack of job conscience 8.4, discrimination 7.8 and brain drain 7.3 were the major social harms in the campus. There was a significant difference between the views of female and male students on social harm in the campus regarding alcohol consumption, nepotism and dropout. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the views of native and non-native students on social harms in campus. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that from the students’ point of view, unemployment, poverty, and addictions are the major social harms in the community. In addition, nepotism, lack of motivation, lack motivation, and lack of job conscience are the major social harms in campus. DOI: http://doi.org/10.22037/ch.v6i3.22509
Counterfeit goods sold online have amounted to $330 billion in losses worldwide. Of these, luxury brand losses account for $30.3 billion. The social and economic effects of counterfeit goods have ...become more severe with the shift of counterfeit sales channels to social networking services (SNSs) since the first decade of the 2000s when these networks became active. In particular, the number of counterfeit sellers on Instagram increased by more than 171% in 2019. This study endeavors to detect counterfeit seller accounts in the SNS environment through a deep learning method that implements an algorithm to differentiate legitimate and counterfeit seller accounts. We designed a model to classify counterfeit seller accounts and general accounts using image and textual data collected from Instagram. As a result, the proposed model obtained a final account detection accuracy of 100% and demonstrated the possibility of use as a counterfeit seller account detector. Moreover, the elements that influenced the results and the parts that the model focused on were identified using a visual analysis method to improve the interpretation capability of the algorithm and explain the results. The difference between human and machine judgments was analyzed based on the visualization.
•Proposed a deep learning model to detect counterfeit seller accounts on Instagram.•Image and text classifiers can be used individually according to the purpose.•A visual analysis method is used to increase the interpretability of the model.•Human and machine judgments are compared to distinguish counterfeit seller accounts.
This study discusses the relationship that Pancasila has with the way it is used to overcome social problems that exist in Indonesia. This study uses the literature review method which explains that ...researchers in working only use sources from other research materials. The results obtained from this study are that to overcome social problems in the form of poverty, it is necessary to apply the fifth principle of Pancasila that all Indonesian people have the right to get the same thing and there is equality both at the level of the economy, education, and health. Furthermore, for the problem of war, it can be overcome by reflecting the first precept that every society has the right to choose what it believes in so that usually in its teachings it does not allow war except in special situations such as upholding justice. In the further context, for LGBT, it is necessary to apply the second principle that every human being has manners so that these LGBT actors should be embraced so that they can return to normal and not discriminate.
•Impaired generation of optimal solutions for social problems in adults with ADHD.•No link to executive functioning or trait empathy.•Relationship with lower social interaction anxiety in the ...patients only.
Patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience interpersonal difficulties potentially linked to impaired social cognition. We aimed to investigate social problem solving strategies in adults with ADHD. Nineteen patients with ADHD and 20 healthy controls were assessed with a scenario-based battery gauging the ability to understand other people's mental states, to recognize interpersonal conflicts and to generate and identify optimal (i.e. both socially sensitive and practically effective) solutions to these conflicts. Furthermore, measures of socioemotional and executive functioning were administered. Patients and controls performed on a similar level with respect to theory of mind, the generation of the “best” solution to problematic social situations and the selection of the optimal solution out of alternatives. However, in a fluency task, patients generated fewer optimal solutions, while the number of only socially sensitive, only practically effective or irrelevant solutions was comparable in both groups. The overall ability to freely generate problem solutions was not linked to executive functioning or trait empathy, but better generation abilities were related to lower social interaction anxiety in the patients only. This suggests impaired generation fluency of optimal interpersonal conflict solutions in patients with ADHD which might contribute to higher levels of anxiety in social interactions.
Social problem-solving (SPS) involves the cognitive-behavioral processes through which an individual identifies and copes with everyday problems; it is considered to contribute to anxiety and ...depression. The Social Problem-Solving Inventory Revised is a popular tool measuring SPS problem orientations and problem-solving styles. Only a negative problem orientation (NPO) is considered strongly related to anxiety and depression. In the present study, we investigated the detailed connections among the five components of SPS and 14 anxiety-depression symptoms and specified the role of NPO and other components in the anxiety-depression network. We employed network analysis, constructed circular and multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) networks, and calculated the network centrality, bridge centrality, and stability of centrality indices. The results were as follows: (1) the MDS network showed a clustering of anxiety and depression symptoms, with NPO and avoidance style components from SPS being close to the anxiety-depression network (demonstrated by large bridge betweenness and bridge closeness); (2) the NPO and positive problem orientation from SPS were most influential on the whole network, though with an opposite effect; (3) strength was the most stable index correlation stability (CS) coefficient = 0.516 among the centrality indices with case-dropping bootstraps. We also discussed this network from various perspectives and commented on the clinical implications and limitations of this study.
La ingesta accidental de cáusticos es un problema tanto médico como social en la población pediátrica. Pueden producir lesiones de distinta gravedad como la mediastinitis o perforación esofágica y ...otras más tardías tales como la estenosis esofágica, manejada inicialmente mediante uso de stents o dilataciones mecánicas. En los casos más críticos donde no han dado el resultado, se tiene indicación de realizar el reemplazo esofágico. A continuación, se presenta un reporte de caso de reemplazo esofágico secundario a estenosis esofágica por ingesta de cáusticos y una revisión de la literatura sobre la fisiopatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la misma.
Accidental ingestion of caustics is both a medical and social problem in the pediatric population. They can produce lesions of varying severity, such as mediastinitis or esophageal perforation, and later ones, such as esophageal stenosis, initially managed by the use of stents or mechanical dilations. In the most critical cases where they have not given the result, they have an indication to perform an esophageal replacement. The following is a case report of esophageal replacement secondary to esophageal stricture and a review of the literature on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of esophageal stricture secondary to caustic ingestion.
Past research has highlighted the role of trauma in social adjustment problems, but little is known about the underlying process. This is a barrier to developing effective interventions for social ...adjustment of traumatized individuals. The present study addressed this research gap through a cognitive model.
A total of 604 young adults (aged 18-24; living in Australia) from different backgrounds (refugee, non-refugee immigrant, and Australian) were assessed through self-report questionnaires. The data were analyzed through path analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. Two path analyses were conducted separately for migrant (including non-refugee and refugee immigrants) and Australian groups.
Analyses indicated that cognitive avoidance and social problem solving can significantly mediate the relation between trauma and social adjustment (
< 0.05). The model explaining this process statistically fit the data (e.g., NFI, TLI, CFI > 0.95). According to the model, reacting to trauma by cognitive avoidance (i.e., chronic thought suppression and over-general autobiographical memory) can disturb the cognitive capacities that are required for social problem solving. Consequently, a lack of effective social problem solving significantly hinders social adjustment. There were no significant differences among the Australian, non-refugee immigrant and refugee participants on the dependent variables. Moreover, the hypothesized links between the variables was confirmed similarly for both migrant (including refugee and non-refugee immigrants) and Australian groups.
The findings have important implications for interventions targeting the social adjustment of young individuals. We assert that overlooking the processes identified in this study, can hinder the improvement of social adjustment in young adults with a history of trauma. Recommendations for future research and practice are discussed.
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine the extent to which perfectionism and social problem solving add to the prediction model of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), independent of suicide ...risk, in a sample of 386 ethnoracially diverse college students. Moreover, the authors were interested in whether social problem solving, beyond perfectionism, would account for additional variance in their prediction model. Results indicated that social problem solving did account for significant variance in the prediction model of NSSI, above and beyond perfectionism. Moreover, on controlling for suicide risk, a possible confound for NSSI behaviors, social problem solving was found to account for an additional 4.0 percent of unique variance in the prediction of NSSI, beyond that accounted for by perfectionism. The present findings have theoretical implications for the literature on perfectionism and social problem solving, specifically in relation to NSSI. In addition, the present findings have practical implications for social workers who work with college students engaging in NSSI behaviors.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
İnsanların sosyal bir varlık olması gerçeğinden hareketle sosyal sorun çözme kavramı ve modeli 30 yılı aşkın bir süredir literatürde yer almakta ve tartışılmaktadır. Sosyal sorun çözme, kişinin ...günlük yaşamda karşılaştığı özgül sorun durumları için etkili ve uyum sağlayan baş etme tepkilerini keşfetme veya icat etme çabaları olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu noktada, yüksek öğretim öğrencilerinin içinde bulunduğu genç yetişkinlik döneminin önemli bir geçiş dönemi olduğu göz önüne alınarak, öğrenci kulüplerinin, öğrencilere sosyal bir varlık olarak kendilerini gerçekleştirebilmek için büyük bir fırsat sunduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu öğrencilerin, yakın gelecekte kendilerinden beklenen rolleri etkili bir şekilde yerine getirebilmeleri için, sosyal problem çözme becerilerini arttırmaları yaşamlarına olumlu yönde katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu araştırmada, öğrenci topluluklarının yüksek öğretim öğrencilerinin sosyal sorun çözme becerilerine etkisini ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal sorun çözme becerileri sürecinde topluluklara üye olan üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal sorun çözme becerilerinin topluluğa üye olmayan üniversite öğrencilerine göre daha gelişmiş olduğu bulunmuştur.
Based on the fact that people are social entities, the concept and model of social problem solving have been in the literature and have being discussed for more than 30 years. Social problem solving is defined as an effort to discover or produce effective and adaptive overcoming responses to specific problems that a person faces in daily life. At this point, considering that the young adult period of higher education students, it is thought that student clubs provide a great opportunity for students to realize themselves as a social entity.Increasing their social problem-solving skills will contribute to their lives in a positive way in order to fulfill the expected roles of these students effectively in the future. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the effect of student communities on social problem solving skills of higher education students. As a result of the analyzes, it was found that the social problem solving skills of higher education students being members of the communities are more improved than the students who are not members of the community.
Objective: To evaluate the hypothesis that social problem solving (SPS) moderates strong emotion reactivity (ER) to stressful events in predicting suicide ideation (SI). Participants: 200 college ...students: mean age = 20.33; 75% women; 58% white. Methods: Participants completed the following self-report inventories: Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, Emotion Reactivity Scale, and Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised. Results: Regression and slope analyses found SPS to moderate the association between ER and SI. Specifically, (a) as ER increased, SI increased significantly less for average problem solvers as compared to ineffective problem solvers, and (b) SI increased only slightly for effective problem solvers as ER increased. A secondary exploratory analysis found 20 college students who previously attempted suicide reported more negative ER, less effective SPS, and higher SI, as compared to a group of 20 sex-and age-matched peers. Conclusions: Effective social problem solving serves to decrease the likelihood that college students will experience higher levels of suicide ideation even when their negative emotion reactivity is high. Clinical implications for treatment and prevention are discussed.
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