The purposes of the present study were to investigate long-term effectiveness of social problem-solving training (SPST) and also effects of social problem-solving training on stress responses. ...Sixth-graders were assigned to either a training group (n=84) or a control group (n=91). The children in the training group received the 4-session (45 minutes per session) training implemented by their classroom teachers. The participants filled out the Children's Social Problem-Solving Scale and the Psychological Stress Response Scale for Children (short version) 4 times; before and immediately after the training, and 3 months and 11 months after the training. The results suggested that the Problem Orientation, Rational Problem-Solving style in cognitive approaches, and Solution Generation of the children in the training group improved significantly. The improvement in Solution Generation was maintained 11 months after the training. The results also indicated that, in the training group, the children's irritation-anger scores, one of the 4 subscales of stress responses, were significantly reduced after the training. In follow-up measurements conducted 11 months after the children had advanced to junior high school, no effects from the intervention other than on Solution Generation were found to have been maintained. This suggests the necessity of implementing a program that would maintain the effects after children are in junior high school.
As crime increasingly crosses national boundaries, and international co-operation takes firmer shape, so the development of ideas and policy on the control of crime has become an increasingly ...international and transnational affair. These developments call attention not just to the many points of convergence in the languages and practices of crime control but also to their persistent differences.
This book is concerned both with the very specific issue of 'policy transfer' within the crime control arena, and with the issues raised by a more broadly conceptualized idea of comparative policy analysis. The contributions in the book examine the different ways in which ostensibly similar vocabularies, policies and practices are taken up and applied in the distinct settings they encounter.
Utilizing Daniel Goleman's theory of emotional competence, Beck's cognitive theory, and Rudd's cognitive-behavioral theory of suicidality, the relationships between hopelessness (cognitive ...component), social problem solving (cognitive-behavioral component), emotional competence (emotive component), and adolescent suicidal ideation were examined. Based on the responses of 5,557 Secondary 1 to Secondary 4 students from 42 secondary schools in Hong Kong, results showed that suicidal ideation was positively related to adolescent hopelessness, but negatively related to emotional competence and social problem solving. While standard regression analyses showed that all the above variables were significant predictors of suicidal ideation, hierarchical regression analyses showed that hopelessness was the most important predictor of suicidal ideation, followed by social problem solving and emotional competence. Further regression analyses found that all four subscales of emotional competence, i.e., empathy, social skills, self-management of emotions, and utilization of emotions, were important predictors of male adolescent suicidal ideation. However, the subscale of social skills was not a significant predictor of female adolescent suicidal ideation. Standard regression analysis also revealed that all three subscales of social problem solving, i.e., negative problem orientation, rational problem solving, and impulsiveness/carelessness style, were important predictors of suicidal ideation. Theoretical and practice implications of the findings are discussed.
Family Caregiving in the New Normal discusses how the drastic economic changes that have occurred over the past few years have precipitated a new conversation on how family care for older adults will ...evolve in the future. This text summarizes the challenges and potential solutions scientists, policy makers, and clinical providers must address as they grapple with these changes, with a primary focus given to the elements that may impact how family caregiving is organized and addressed in subsequent decades, including sociodemographic trends like divorce, increased participation of women in the workforce, geographic mobility, fewer children in post-baby boom families, chronic illness trends, economic stressors, and the current policy environment. A section on the support of caregivers includes technology-based solutions that examine existing models, personal health records, and mobile applications, big data issues, decision-making support, person-centered approaches, crowd-sourced caregiving such as blogs and personal websites that have galvanized caregivers, and new methods to combine paid and unpaid forms of care. * Provides a concise "roadmap" of the demographic, economic, health trends, and policy challenges facing family caregivers * Presents potential solutions to caregiving so that scientists, policymakers, and clinical providers can best meet the needs of families and communities in the upcoming decades * Includes in-depth, diverse stories of caregivers of persons with different diseases who share perspectives * Covers person-centered care approaches to family caregiving that summarize effective community-based services of psychosocial intervention models * Examines how existing efficacious models can more effectively reach and serve individual families
There has been a significant increase in the focus on sex offending in recent years. This has occurred in both the academic and the public spheres. In attempting to understand sexual offending, this ...collection recognizes two different discourses that currently operate in relation to sex crime. At the public level there is an explicit focus on regulation and control. At the same time there has been a less public but equally fervent discourse centered on the importance of the assessment and treatment of sexual offenders. The Handbook moves from theoretical explanations to a dissection of who the offenders are, who the victims are, and how offenders are treated and managed; it then proceeds onward, using a sociological lens to examine the social and cultural contexts in which crimes and sexual activities take place. The authors have been encouraged not to give a complete literature review of the topic in hand but rather to tease out the key debates, challenges, and controversies that are pertinent today. These essays can of course be read as standalone pieces for a comprehensive and detailed walk through that topic, but for those wanting a complete introductory journey through the sub-discipline, the 30 essays will provide immense detail and an enriching experience of the state of the discipline in the 21st century.
This cross-sectional research focused on social problem solving (SPS) as a field within social behaviour among Hungarian 10-, 14-, and 16-year-olds (N = 459) in connection with people who ...considerably affect one's SPS (mothers, fathers, teachers, peers). We used the Social Problem Solving Inventory — Revised (SPSI–R; D'Zurilla, Nezu, & Maydeu-Olivares, 2002; factors: PPO = Positive Problem Orientation; NPO = Negative Problem Orientation; RPS = Rational Problem Solving; I = Impulsivity; A = Avoidance) as a measurement. The content of the original questionnaire has not been changed; the only applied modification concerns the instruction of being person-based when filling in the questionnaire. Based on the results, mothers’ and children's opinion were quite similar in all age groups. Fathers believed that RPS and PPO are more typical, contrary to their children's standpoint (only among 16-year-olds). The teachers saw fewer differences between pupils in terms of their SPS as they spent more years together. In light of the collected data, person-based SPS differs mainly in terms of NPO and A.
In accordance with the missional purpose of the National Police, this research was conducted with the aim of emphasizing the perception that people have against the scourge of violence against women ...in the municipality of Velez(Santander) in order to design an institutional strategy aimed at preventing psychosocial risk factors; regarding this matter four specific objectives were set: Identify the relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics of women 10 to 59 years old and the types of violence; characterize the relationship between types of violence and areas where violence occurs; typify the relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics of women between 10 and 59 years old also the areas where violence occurs and finally define strategies for awareness and prevention of the phenomenon of violence against women in the municipality of Vélez. This study covers in detail a more thorough look of the perception of women addressing violence that occurs against them in the town of Velez, comprising 4 types of violence such as physical, sexual, verbal and economic.
Conformément à l’objectif de la mission de la Police Nationale de Colombie, cette recherche a été menée dans le but de souligner la perception que les gens ont contre le fléau de la violence contre les femmes dans la municipalité de Velez (Santander). Afin de concevoir une stratégie institutionnelle visant à prévenir les facteurs de risque psychosociaux, quatre objectifs spécifiques ont été fixés: Identifier la relation entre les caractéristiques sociodémographiques des femmes de 10 à 59 ans et les types de violence; caractériser la relation entre les types de violence et les zones où la violence se produit; classer la relation entre les caractéristiques socio- démographiques des femmes entre 10 et 59 ans, ainsi que les zones où la violence se produit. Et enfin définir les stratégies de sensibilisation et de prévention du phénomène de la violence contre les femmes dans la municipalité de Vélez. Ce document couvre en détail un regard plus approfondi de la perception qui ont les femmes face à la violence et qui se presente contre elles dans la municipalité de Velez. D´ailleurs il expose les 4 types de violences, telles que: physique, sexuelle, verbale et économique.
En concordancia con el propósito misional de la Policía Nacional, esta investigación se desarrolló con el objetivo de acentuar la percepción que tienen las personas frente al flagelo de la violencia contra la mujer en el municipio de Vélez (Santander), con el fin de diseñar una estrategia institucional orientada a la prevención de factores de riesgo psicosociales; al respecto, se trazaron cuatro objetivos específicos: Identificar la relación entre las características sociodemográficas de las mujeres de 10 a 59 años y los tipos de violencia; caracterizar la relación entre los tipos de violencia y los ámbitos donde se presenta la violencia; tipificar la relación entre las características socio demográficas de las mujeres entre 10 y 59 años y los ámbitos en donde se presenta la violencia y por ultimo definir estrategias de sensibilización y prevención del fenómeno de la violencia contra la mujer en el Municipio de Vélez Este trabajo abarca con detenimiento una mirada más exhaustiva de la percepción que tiene la mujer en frente a la violencia que se presenta contra ellas en el municipio de Vélez, comprendiendo 4 tipos de violencia como lo son la física, sexual, verbal y económica.
The article analyzes the historical evolution of the way in which disability has been perceived as a social problem, as well as the institutional forms of solving it. The author compares individual ...and social models of disability and their impact on social policy. Disability is presented as a complex phenomenon, reflecting structural properties of society: its economic and political system, the type of social bond and the patterns of culture. The author proposes that is s necessary to change the paradigm of public policy related to disability in Poland and to base it on a model integrating medical and social dimensions. She also indicates the main challenges related to this proposal.
Personality disorders, as defined in DSM-IV, require theoretical models to guide our understanding and treatment of them, and social problem solving is one cognitive model that might contribute. In ...this study, the relationships between social problem solving and personality disorders were investigated in a sample of 173 men and women in treatment for personality problems. Cluster A diagnoses were infrequent and not amenable to analyses. Of the Cluster B diagnoses, Borderline predominated and was associated with an impulsive/careless problem solving style, as were Histrionic and Narcissistic. Of Cluster C diagnoses, Avoidant was associated with negativity and low impulsive/careless problem solving style, and Dependent with negativity. Thus, the social problem solving profiles of specific personality disorders in Clusters B and C mostly showed the expected associations with personality characteristics. Theoretical and practice implications are discussed.
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