The declining 'subjective social status' of the low-educated working class has been advanced as a prominent explanation for right-wing populism. The working class has certainly been adversely ...affected by rising income inequality over the past decades, but we do not actually know if their perceived standing in the social hierarchy has declined correspondingly over time. This article examines trends in subjective social status in two 'most likely cases' - Germany and the US - between 1980 and 2018. We find that the subjective social status of the working class has not declined in absolute terms. However, there is evidence for relative status declines for the working class in Germany and substantial within-class heterogeneity in both countries. These findings imply that rising income inequality has a nuanced impact on status perceptions. When assessing the role of subjective social status for political outcomes, longitudinal perspectives that consider both absolute and relative changes seem promising.
Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2022.2038892 .
Much has been written about the important role that subjective social status plays in older adults’ well-being and subjective health. Less is known, however, about the potential role played by ...subjective social status in people’s sense of loneliness. In the present study, the author examined the role of subjective social status as a predictor of loneliness in adult day care centers (ADCCs) and continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs) over a 1-year period. The main analyses consist of data from 245 respondents (141 ADCC participants and 104 CCRC residents) who completed the interviews in Waves 1 and 2. A significant interaction between subjective social status and type of long-term care setting was found. Higher levels of subjective social status were associated with lower levels of loneliness in CCRCs, but no such association was evident in ADCCs. These findings are interpreted in view of the characteristics of the CCRC as a total institution versus the ADCC as a setting that provides support for only several hours per day, several days per week.
How far were appointments in the Roman Empire based on merit? Did experience matter? What difference did social rank make? This innovative study of the Principate examines the career outcomes of ...senators and knights by social category. Contrasting patterns emerge from a new database of senatorial careers. Although the highest appointments could reflect experience, a clear preference for the more aristocratic senators is also seen. Bias is visible even in the major army commands and in the most senior civilian posts nominally filled by ballot. In equestrian appointments, successes by the less experienced again suggest the power of social advantage. Senatorial recruitment gradually opened up to include many provincials but Italians still kept their hold on the higher social groupings. The book also considers the senatorial career more widely, while a final section examines slave careers and the phenomenon of voluntary slavery.
Charitable giving from rural–urban migrants to their hometowns would help reverse ‘rural decline’ in China. Drawing on data from the 2018 China Labor‐force Dynamics Survey, this study discusses the ...relationship between migrants' structural embeddedness with their hometowns and their giving to public causes there. As the findings show, the deeper embedded the migrants, the more likely they were to donate. Social status compensation and moral constraint, as identified in previous studies, were confirmed in this research as the key drivers of migrant giving. Interestingly, this study found that the lower the degree of hometown embeddedness, the stronger the social status compensation effect, whereas the effect of moral constraint was powerful merely for those highly embedded with hometowns. These findings were also applicable to migrants with diverse types of embeddedness overall. This study contributes to the field of population research by adopting the structural perspective of spatial relationships regarding migrants' behaviours based on the theory of field and embeddedness. It has important implications for rural revitalisation in China as well as for philanthropy study worldwide.
Subjective social status (SSS), an individual’s assessment of their own social status in relation to others, is associated with health and mortality independently of objective SES; however, no ...studies have tested whether SSS influences epigenetic aging. The current study examines if SSS is associated with epigenetic age acceleration in both Black and White women, independently of objective SES measured during both childhood and adulthood.
For 9- and 10-year-old Black and White girls, parental education and annual household income was obtained. At ages 39–42, 361 participants (175 Black, 186 White) reported their current education, household income, and SSS, and provided saliva to assess age acceleration using the GrimAge epigenetic clock. Linear regression estimated the association of SSS with epigenetic age acceleration, controlling for objective SES (current education, current income, parents’ education, income during childhood), smoking, and counts of cell types.
When all objective SES variables were included in the model, SSS remained significantly associated with epigenetic age acceleration, b = − 0.31, p = .003, ß = − 0.15. Black women had significantly greater age acceleration than White women, (t(359) = 5.20, p > .001, d = 0.55) but race did not moderate the association between SSS and epigenetic age acceleration.
Women who rated themselves lower in SSS had greater epigenetic age acceleration, regardless of income and education. There was no difference by race for this association.
•Women lower in subjective social status had greater epigenetic age acceleration.•Accelerated epigenetic aging may link subjective social status and health.•Race did not moderate the relationship between social status and epigenetic age.
We study the role of subjective social status on health and its correlates, with an emphasis on the predictive power of early-life conditions on subjective social status. A well-established ...literature links early-life conditions to later-life objective measures of socioeconomic status, but little attention has been paid to their effects on subjective socioeconomic status. We find that socioeconomic factors during childhood are important predictors of subjective social status, even after controlling for contemporaneous socioeconomic conditions. This shows an additional psychological and behavioral channel through which early-life conditions influence later outcomes and which has not been yet studied in sufficient detail.
Purpose
Using nationally representative longitudinal data from 2010 to 2018 in China, this study systematically investigates the relationship between Subjective Social Status (SSS) and health ...(physical health and mental health) in the Chinese adult population.
Methods
By applying between–within model, we disentangle the relationship between health outcomes and: (1) between‐individual differences in SSS and (2) within‐individual variations of SSS across time. In addition, to explore SSS mobility and trajectory, we further decomposed SSS into lagged SSS and the change between the current and lagged SSS (mobility).
Results
We find that there is significantly positive and unique relationship (independent of Objective Social Status (OSS)) between SSS and physical and mental health. However, for physical health, we observed an Inverse‐U effect of average SSS, after some point (SSS = 3.93), higher average SSS is associated with a score decrease. Through heterogeneity analysis, we find that for physical health, within‐ and between‐effects decreases with age and for mental health, the within effect is only significant among the urban population. Individuals with high expected mobility are also found to have significantly better health.
Conclusions
These findings show that the personal relative deprivation has negative, particularly salient and unique effects on the health of the Chinese population, and it is important to consider the dynamic nature of SSS.
The rise of “fake news” is a major concern in contemporary Western democracies. Yet, research on the psychological motivations behind the spread of political fake news on social media is surprisingly ...limited. Are citizens who share fake news ignorant and lazy? Are they fueled by sinister motives, seeking to disrupt the social status quo? Or do they seek to attack partisan opponents in an increasingly polarized political environment? This article is the first to test these competing hypotheses based on a careful mapping of psychological profiles of over 2,300 American Twitter users linked to behavioral sharing data and sentiment analyses of more than 500,000 news story headlines. The findings contradict the ignorance perspective but provide some support for the disruption perspective and strong support for the partisan polarization perspective. Thus, individuals who report hating their political opponents are the most likely to share political fake news and selectively share content that is useful for derogating these opponents. Overall, our findings show that fake news sharing is fueled by the same psychological motivations that drive other forms of partisan behavior, including sharing partisan news from traditional and credible news sources.
Introduction. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is chronic disease associated with considerable psychological burden and impaired quality of life (QoL). The objective of the study was to determine the ...medical and social status of patients with PsA, to optimize the management of these patients and increase their QoL. Material and Methods. We performed a cross-sectional study in which were included patients with PsA. Demographic and clinical data were collected using a special questionnaire, including employment and profesional status, information related to disease onset and duration, clinical overview related to the disease. In order to apreciate the burden of PsA, we applied the Rankin’s scale, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Short Form 8 (SF-8), Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) and Disease Activity score in Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA), Patient Global Assessment (PGA) to assess the disease activity. Results. 92 PsA patients were enrolled in the study. Male to female ratio was 1.09:1, the patient’s mean age was 48.53±11.42 years. According to DAPSA, patients had moderate to high disease activity. 34.78% of patients from the group of study were full-time employees. The assessment of work productivity by WPAI determined a level of absenteeism of 9.39±11.79% and presenteeism of 37.57±27.31%. The QoL in PsA patients was diminished in both mental and physical domains; the average HAQ score value was 0.61, which indicates a moderate functional status. According to Rankin’s scale, the most frequent degree was the 2nd, found in 32 (34.78 %) patients. Conclusions. Patients with PsA have medium/low medical and social status, caused by low physical functionality and psychological problems. To optimize the management of patients with PsA, it is necessary to integrate rheumatological, dermatological, psychological and social services.
This study explores the surveillance of Israeli teachers by CCTV systems (CCTVs), based on interviews with teachers who reported being monitored by CCTVs in their schools and with school principals ...using CCTVs to monitor teachers. The findings present and analyze forms of teachers' CCTV surveillance, its impact on teachers' behavior, their feelings, and their normative perceptions. We find that teachers' surveillance by CCTVs includes spatial and temporal dimensions that differ from other forms of teachers' monitoring. The findings show how surveillance demoralizes teachers, induces resistance, and produces social categorizations that exacerbate teachers’ low social status.
•Teachers' surveillance by CCTVs carries with it new spatial and temporal dimensions.•These dimensions modify the structure, background rules, and power relationships between teachers and principals.•Some teachers resisted the surveillance by performing, avoiding, concealing, and by initiating a grievance discourse.•Even teachers who felt distress regarding their own surveillance justified the surveillance of other teachers.•Teachers' surveillance produces social categorizations that exacerbate teachers' low social status.
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