We identify and discuss the main problems and challenges in sustainable development faced by the salmon farming industry in Chile from a socio‐economic perspective. This perspective is broad, in that ...it includes how the industry interacts with society and the environment, but also limited, in that it only assesses the impact on different social groups and economic agents. First, we present a brief description of the structure and socio‐economic relevance of salmon farming in the country. Second, we identify and discuss the primary current issues in the sustainable development of salmon farming in Chile. Third, we identify and discuss the challenges for developing sustainable salmon farming in Chile, including regulatory design and sectoral management, options for future expansion of the industry, responses and adjustments in the face of climate change and climatic variability, and the proper handling and growth of public‐private cooperation and goods governance.
Introduction. Assessment of urbanized areas in terms of their sustainable development and rational use of resource and environmental potential remains the most demanded in modern conditions, because ...in certain cases it opens up opportunities for preventive management of anthropogenically disturbed areas. The aim of the study is to rank single-industry towns by a number of indicators by means of multifactor analysis of socio-economic indicators of single-industry towns and using systemic and fractal approaches. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out on the basis of a multifactor analysis of socio-economic indicators of single-industry towns, using systemic and fractal approaches. Existing methods for assessing the socio-economic sustainable development of a region and developing integrated regional indicators are analyzed. The authors' methodology was used, which can be considered as the development of existing methods and the development of new methods for indicating and ranking socio-economic processes from the point of view of their sustainability. Results. A new methodology for socio-economic assessment and ranking of single-industry towns has been developed based on multifactor analysis of fractal indicators of their life support: social, economic, resource and environmental. Using the proposed methodology, single-industry towns of the Arkhangelsk Region were ranked according to an integrated fractal indicator of classes of socio-economic processes that indicate the quality of life support of the single-industry towns under consideration, potential risks and the sustainability of their development. Discussion and Conclusion. The developed methodology verifies and complements the existing criteria for transferring single-industry towns from one category to another. It allows, by introducing certain indicators, to assess the sustainability of the socio-economic development of single-industry towns and the possibility of diversifying their economies, and is also a useful practical tool for federal, regional and municipal institutions specializing in managing the development of territories.
Coastal wetlands provide various ecological functions but are threatened by land reclamation and urbanization, which cause wetland degradation and loss. Understanding wetland transition trends and ...driving factors is challenging. Here, we used the Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) to analyze the relationship between coastal wetlands, as classified by the Google Earth Engine (GEE), and socio-economic indicators along the East China Sea. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to explore the driving factors. We found that the (1) wetland transition depended on geomorphic units and socio-economic development; (2) wetland area changes from 1985 to 2020 had a typical EKC pattern and can be divided into three periods due to policy changes; and (3) economic development and urbanization were the primary reasons for wetland changes, with a strong correlation between natural wetland area, GDP per capita, and impervious surface, but a lower correlation with aquacultural area.
•Natural wetlands are vital in EKC analysis to reveal links between socio-economic indicators and wetland transitions.•Muddy coasts have greater potential to withstand environmental pressures compared to rocky coasts.•Policies at the national and regional level can influence wetland transition.•Long-term analysis is essential to uncover wetland transition trends.
Background
A comprehensive understanding of the contextual factors that are linked to student engagement requires research that includes cross‐cultural perspectives.
Aims
This study investigated how ...student engagement in school is associated with grade, gender, and contextual factors across 12 countries. It also investigated whether these associations vary across countries with different levels of individualism and socio‐economic development.
Samples
The participants were 3,420 7th, 8th, and 9th grade students from Austria, Canada, China, Cyprus, Estonia, Greece, Malta, Portugal, Romania, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Methods
The participants completed a questionnaire to report their engagement in school, the instructional practices they experienced, and the support they received from teachers, peers, and parents. Hierarchical linear modelling was used to examine the effects at both student and country levels.
Results
The results across countries revealed a decline in student engagement from Grade 7 to Grade 9, with girls reporting higher engagement than boys. These trends did not vary across the 12 countries according to the Human Development Index and Hofstede's Individualism Index. Most of the contextual factors (instructional practices, teacher support, and parent support) were positively associated with student engagement. With the exception that parent support had a stronger association with student engagement in countries with higher collectivism, most of the associations between the contextual factors and student engagement did not vary across countries.
Conclusions
The results indicate both cultural universality and specificity regarding contextual factors associated with student engagement in school. They illustrate the advantages of integrating etic and emic approaches in cross‐cultural investigations.
Regional economic resilience (RER) remains the state-of-the-art concept in economic geography to investigate regional development in times of disturbance. We seek to contribute to a transformative ...notion of RER, which unfolds in light of global environmental change. In our review of conceptual and empirical RER applications, we reveal three unresolved issues: a focus on firms rather than diverse actors, trivial reflections on social–ecological interdependencies, and the need for more fluid understandings of socio-spatial relations. Based on these insights from neighboring geographical disciplines, we provide concrete propositions for theoretical enhancement to make RER fit for purpose.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study aims to analyze the disparities in socio-economic development in the North-Western region of Bangladesh from a micro-spatial perspective, as well as to uncover the underlying factors that ...generate disparities. Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were used in this study. Secondary data from Government organizations was compiled for 67 spatial units (upazila) to regionalize the study area based on 22 indicators from seven socio-economic sectors, and to identify the underlying factors, a structured questionnaire survey was conducted, followed by a literature review, group discussion, interviews, and field observation methods. According to the results, severe disparity in socio-economic development in the study area has been identified. Almost half of the study area, 46 percent (27 upazilas), has been classified as a very low-developed region, while the remaining 29 percent (19 upazilas), 22 percent (18 upazilas), 2 percent (2 upazilas), and 0.6 percent (1 upazilas) have been classified as low, moderate, high, and very high developed regions, respectively. Service and business-oriented professions, high income, easy accessibility to resources, developed transportation system, and technological advancement functions as factors of development, contrariwise, agro-based professions, low income, lack of accessibility to resources, a technological lag, transport system, and low-quality human resources are functioning as constraints of development. Few recommendations to reduce the disparity have been made based on the severity of disparity and underlying factors of different sectors.
Sustainable Development Goals are formed based on social, economic, and environmental factors, which are primarily driven by technical and financial progression. However, little is known regarding ...the impact of climate technologies in realizing socio-economic and environmental factors in a multivariate framework of renewable energy. Therefore, this study examines the role of climate technologies, financial development, and renewable energy in determining the social, economic, and environmental goals for top-ten developed economies in terms of human development during 2000–2019. This study adopts advanced panel estimation techniques such as cross-sectional dependence, slope heterogeneity, and cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) model. The findings confirm that climate technologies, financial development, and renewable energy significantly and positively contribute to human development and economic growth. Moreover, climate technologies and renewable energy help achieve environmental sustainability by reducing ecological footprints in the targeted economies. In contrast, more ecological damages have been recorded due to financial development during the study period. These findings implied that renewable energy and climate technologies are imperative to achieve social, economic, and ecological goals.
•SDGs are evaluated based on social, economic, and environmental factors.•Advance panel techniques are employed.•Renewable energy and Climate technologies facilitate SDGs.•Financial development leads to higher ecological damages.
Worldwide, anthropogenic activities threaten surface water quality by aggravating eutrophication and increasing total nitrogen to total phosphorus (TN:TP) ratios. In hydrologically connected systems, ...water quality management may benefit from in-ecosystem nutrient retention by preventing nutrient transport to downstream systems. However, nutrient retention may also alter TN:TP ratios with unforeseen consequences for downstream water quality. Here, we aim to increase understanding of how nutrient retention may influence nutrient transport to downstream systems to improve long-term water quality management. We analyzed lake ecosystem state, in-lake nutrient retention, and nutrient transport (ratios) for 3482 Chinese lakes using the lake process-based ecosystem model PCLake+. We compared a low climate change and sustainability-, and a high climate change and economy-focused scenario for 2050 against 2012. In both scenarios, the effect of nutrient input reduction outweighs that of temperature rise, resulting in more lakes with good ecological water quality (i.e., macrophyte-dominated) than in 2012. Generally, the sustainability-focused scenario shows a more promising future for water quality than the economy-focused scenario. Nevertheless, most lakes remain phytoplankton-dominated. The shift to more macrophyte-dominated lakes in 2050 is accompanied by higher nutrient retention fractions and less nutrient transport to downstream waterbodies. In-lake nutrient retention also alters the water's TN:TP ratio, depending on the inflow TN:TP ratio and the ecosystem state. In 2050 higher TN:TP ratios are expected in the outflows of lakes than in 2012, especially for the sustainability-focused scenario with strong TP loading reduction. However, the downstream impact of increased TN:TP ratios depends on actual nutrient loadings and the limiting nutrient in the receiving system. We conclude that nutrient input reductions, improved water quality, higher in-lake nutrient retention fractions, and lower nutrient transport to downstream waterbodies go hand in hand. Therefore, water quality management could benefit even more from nutrient pollution reduction than one would expect at first sight.
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•Anthropogenic activities aggravate eutrophication in hydrologically connected systems.•We show how nutrient retention affects downstream nutrient loading.•Nutrient retention fractions are higher in macrophyte-dominated lakes.•Outflow TN:TP ratios depend on lake ecosystem state and inflow TN:TP ratios.•Nutrient pollution reduction may stimulate reinforcing feedbacks on water quality.
This article relates the lively debate about inequality-induced status concerns in affluent societies to the broader theoretical perspective on changing existential dispositions in modern society, ...which we reconstruct from the sociological theories of David Riesman, Gerhard Schulze and Ronald Inglehart. We conceptualise experience seeking – aspiring to an enjoyable life – alongside status seeking – aspiring to a successful life – as a presumably increasing life orientation. Using extensive data from the European Social Survey, for 27 countries and over 350,000 respondents over the period 2002–2018, we examine the extent and relationship of these orientations over time, their associations with socio-economic development and income inequality, as well as their social stratification according to individual-level characteristics. The results show that the populations of wealthy and economically more equal societies increasingly prefer an exciting life to a successful one. Within societies, men, younger people and the highly educated value both experiences and status.
The article is dedicated to analysing the risks to political stability in Ukraine in the context of the full-scale war for national self-preservation. The outcomes of the war will determine the ...future and potential of the Ukrainian nation as a full-fledged political entity on the international and global stages. The author assumes that the Ukrainian political system is unstable, and the risks of unconventional events increase due to the restriction and blocking of political participation by the broader population. The goal of the article is to test and verify the principles of the institutional approach, as explicated by S. Huntington, in the realities of Ukrainian society. The institutional approach is used as the theoretical and methodological basis. The method of index construction is applied to empirical data. The author has constructed three indices and twelve sub-indices. The obtained indicators are informative and illustrative, and they are promising for comparative and longitudinal studies. The author concludes that political instability is inherent in the Ukrainian political system, which is linked to the modernization challenge in the form of constant demands from citizens to the political authorities. The practical significance of the article lies in the recommendations to the authorities regarding the establishment of communication bodies, more active responses to popular demands, combating speculation and disinformation, and institutionalizing political activity directed at improving the situation of the military. The article is empirical in nature and focuses on analysing the social reality of 2020. The article is limited in its relevance and relativity to the conditions of modern wartime Ukrainian society. Further research may be directed at analysing the functioning of political institutions in wartime conditions using the examples of Israel and Armenia.
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