Introduction. This article is devoted to the activities of Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev, when Astrakhan governor (1741–1745) responsible for the affairs of the Kalmyk steppes. It is aimed to examine ...his projects designed to amend the impoverishment of the broad masses of Kalmyks often left without their livestock, even without horses. The question was raised by Tatishchev himself; the governor was worried about its political implications because Kalmyks without horses were of no use for the Russian Empire. Materials and methods. The article is based on archival materials, as well as the historiography that sheds light on Tatishchev as the statesman and politician. Results. The governor repeatedly discussed the issues of the worsened social-economic situation of the people with the Kalmyk namestnik (leader) Donduk Dashi, both on official occasions and in private communication. He had various explanations for their economical degradation, pointing out the difference in the nomads’ situation of the 1840s as compared with that in Khan Ayuka’s time. His involvement in the issues concerning fishing and seasonal work of the impoverished Kalmyks shows that the governor seemed to be interested in helping them, but his projects to improve the Kalmyks’ socio-economic situation were largely unsuccessful. The reasons for the failure may be found both in the resistance of the Kalmyk rulers and zaisangs and the general weaknesses of the administration when dealing with the steppe affairs.
This paper will present and discuss our conclusions about the ethics of living donation for liver transplant (LDLT) after 8 year of collaboration between our clinical ethics consultation service and ...liver transplant teams, in the course of which we met with all donor-candidates. We will focus on the results of a follow-up study that was conducted in order to evaluate the long-term consequences for potential donors and to interview them on the ethical aspects of the screening process. This study was conducted from April 2007 to November 2009 and consisted of interviews with donor-candidates, regardless of whether they underwent harvest surgery, at least 1 year after the recipient’s transplant. We explored their views about their own and the recipients’ physical and psychological condition, changes in family and career dynamics, their experience as potential or real donors, and their views about LDLT process in general. Results shed new light on the ethical grounds of LDLT and allow us to envisage new ways of improving the ethical soundness of current procedures and practices. In particular, we argue that the purpose of an ethics committee should be to provide follow-up support for the donors rather than merely to check the freedom of donors’ consent. We also suggest that the recipient’s consent deserves more attention than it currently receives.
Сохранение стабильного социально-экономическое положения региона требует постоянного совершенствования способов и методов реализации региональных программ и проектов. Развитие региона происходит ...через создание рациональных условий существования различных секторов регионального народного хозяйства. Социальная инфраструктура региона формирует базис для повышения качества жизни населения и стимулирует рост его инвестиционной привлекательности. В этой связи одним из основных направлений разработки стратегии развития региона являются проекты совершенствования системы социальной инфраструктуры. С учетом сокращения затрат региональных бюджетов на развитие социальной сферы и необходимости сокращения сроков реализации проектов по развитию социальной инфраструктуры для решения этой задачи целесообразно использовать инструмент «государственно-частное партнерство», который реализуется через различные формы организации взаимодействия между бизнесом и государством. Современная нормативно-законодательная база позволяет выработать гибкие, наиболее оптимальные условия этого взаимодействия и максимально полно удовлетворить интересы частных коммерческих структур, органов государственной власти и общества в целом. Опыт успешной реализации проектов государственно-частного партнерства в различных регионах страны свидетельствует об его экономической эффективности в процессе решения задач социальной значимости, что отражается в результатах рейтинговых исследований успешности субъектов РФ. Развитие инвестиционного потенциала, снижение инвестиционного риска, повышение значений основных показателей эффективности функционирования региона достигается путем активного внедрения принципов смешанного финансирования социальной инфраструктуры региона. Привлечение средств бизнес-сообщества совместно со средствами регионального бюджета создает синергетический эффект при достижении плановых показателей развития региона, характеризующих его социально-экономическое положение, и обеспечивает выполнение стратегических целей.
Ensuring sustainable development and improving the quality of life of people in the face of global challenges are priority tasks of the socio-economic policy of Russia and its constituent entities. ...Global challenges are primarily associated with increased technological, economic, social, political, and environmental risks. In such conditions, it is important to ensure the sustainability of the functioning of regional socio-economic systems as a purposeful process that ensures the sustainability of the connections, elements and structure of the country toward increasing the level and quality of life of people within the framework of balance with the environment.
The application of mathematical methods has proved to be an effective tool for analyzing the problems of sustainable development in the conditions of instability of modern society. The article ...analyzes the results of the ratings of the regions of the Russian Federation according to the information of the Russia Today agency. In the process of research, the analysis of descriptive statistics, correlation, dispersion and cluster analysis is used. As a result of the study, achievements and bottlenecks in the socio-economic development of the Lipetsk region were identified. The obtained results can be useful for developing sound management decisions aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of the region.
Québec: State and Society, third editionacts as a mirror to a society that continues to transform itself, that adjusts to changes taking place on the international scene, while providing an ...understanding of Québec's unique experience within the world. This completely revised edition is composed of twenty-two original and comprehensive essays on key issues and themes that constitute present-day Québec politics, written by prominent and widely published specialists in areas as diverse as political science, sociology, economics, demography, and history. As a result, this book provides a full account the historical and contemporary Québec environment and offers premises for developments to come.
This edition distinguishes itself by proposing five main themes for surveying the Québec condition, each with its own section. The first of these, "Québec Today: Memory, Identity, and Pluralism", contains essays on historical and contemporary identity narratives and counter-narratives in Québec, including aboriginal/state debates. "Governance" explores issues of Québec public administration, business-government relations, and federal and international relations. "Political Parties and Social Movements" discusses a series of fundamental questions on the role exercised by the various elements of civil society in Québec, ranging from the relevance of political parties to the diversity of social movements. "Education, Language, and Immigration" delves into developments in long-standing issues at the heart of the challenge of pluralism in Québec. "Territoriality, Globalization, and International Relations" tackles questions faced by every contemporary society and proposes new arenas for research for Québec.
The article deals with the problems of the demographic potential of the regions of Kazakhstan. Human resources are one of the most important factors in the socio-economic development of the country. ...During the period of establishing its independence, the Republic of Kazakhstan has undergone many reforms and crises. These changes had significantly influenced the demographic situation in the republic. Reproduction of the population in Kazakhstan is mainly characterized by a natural increase. However, in the 90s there was a large outflow of population to other countries due to the deterioration of the socio-economic situation. This situation has led to a demographic crisis, i.e. decrease in the birth rate, as well as to the uneven distribution of population by regions of the republic. The situation has improved since the beginning of 2000, starting in 2010, there has been a certain stability in the demographic situation, when the overall increase in the country was 1-2%. Given that this trend continues to this day, the question arises of which regions account for population growth and which regions are in the high-risk zone. As well as to identify the main factors that influence the demographic potential of the regions of Kazakhstan. The purpose of this study is to identify problems in the field of demography in the regions of Kazakhstan. The analysis was conducted on the data of the Statistics Committee of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Initially, an analysis of structural shifts was carried out in population size by region, age structure of the republic's population, the influence of the ethnic composition of regions on fertility was also considered, cluster analysis was used to divide regions by risk zones, as well as we considered the factors that affect fertility. An analysis of the results showed that regions with a predominate Kazakh and Turkic-speaking ethnic groups show a higher birth rate than regions where European ethnic groups are a majority; structural differences in population size and age composition become stronger with each period of differences; using cluster analysis, three zones were identified - a zone with low potential, which included eight regions, a medium-risk zone - we observe five regions, and a zone with high potential, which included three regions. Research hypothesis: the demographic potential of a country depends on the ethnic composition and socio-economic condition of the regions. The results of the study can be applied for research and analytical review. The research materials can be used in the development of regional development programs and the introduction of various approaches to the use of human resources and opportunities of each region.
In article classification of possible optionsof impact of population shift on a socialand economic situation developed, andthe directions of improvement of information base of the Russian ...migratorystatistics offered.
This article analyzes the migration flows. Some details for the structure of migration in Russia. Calculations to assess the changes and shifts in the pattern ofmigration.
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