Nanjing, the capital city of six different dynasties in history, is the provincial capital of Jiangsu Province, China. Historic, political and locational endowments have already propelled Nanjing ...into becoming one of the sub-centers of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China's emerging global city region. This City Profile summarizes the historical development of Nanjing from the Wu Kingdom in the Three Kingdoms Period to 1978, as well as the contemporary development in the last three decades. Striving to become a stronger regional center, Nanjing is undergoing a profound restructuring of its economic and, more importantly, its physical form and appearance. To face the challenges, Nanjing has undergone spatial planning to enhance its competitive strength. We outline the historical development (including the ancient, old, and modern periods), current urban and economic development, spatial planning, regional cooperation, and future development.
•Nanjing has been the capital city of six different dynasties, and is the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China.•Historic, political, and location endowments have propelled Nanjing into one of the sub-centers of the Yangtze River Delta.•Nanjing is undergoing a profound restructuring of its economic and, more importantly, its physical form and appearance.•Nanjing has undergone spatial planning and regional cooperation to enhance its competitive strength.•The future development of Nanjing is discussed as well.
The development of secondary flow in a supersonic turbulent square duct is numerically investigated in this paper. By comparing with the experimental data, the RSM turbulent model is revealed to be ...able to predict the secondary flow induced by the anisotropy of turbulence. To identify the corner vortex, the vortex recognition method, Liutex, is employed to extract the vortex structures and their cores. The results show that the spatial development of the corner vortex in the square duct has two stages: the linear growth stage and the stable maintenance stage. Moreover, the propagation of vortex is restricted by the boundary layer and the size of the cross-section. For a square duct, the propagation of the corner vortex in the direction perpendicular to the nearest wall stabilizes first.
South America is one of the most urbanized continents in the world, where almost 84% of the total population lives in cities, more urbanized than North America (82%) and Europe (73%). Spatial ...dynamics, their structure, main features, land consumption rates, spatial arrangement, fragmentation degrees and comparability, remain mostly unknown for most Latin American cities. Using satellite imagery the main parameters of sprawl are quantified for 10 Latin American cities over a period of 20 years by monitoring growth patterns and identifying spatial metrics to characterize urban development and sprawling features measured with GIS tools. This quantification contributes to a better understanding of urban form in Latin America. A pervasive spatial expansion has been observed, where most of the studied cities are expanding at fast rates with falling densities trend. Although important differences in the rates of land consumption and densities exist, there is an underlying fragmentation trend towards increasing sprawl. These trends of spatial discontinuity may eventually be intensified by further economic development. Urban Sprawl/Latin America/GIS metrics/spatial development.
► Urban sprawl and fragmentation patterns were quantified in ten Latin-American cities. ► Net densities are still high; however there is a decreasing trend in six cities. ► Pervasive and increasing fragmentation trend during the twenty years period. ► Big differences in land consumption rates and densities. ► Higher levels of sprawl and fragmentation are driven by GDP and motorization rates.
Using a case study design, the study focuses on identifying the institutional configuration that determines land take by low-density residential areas. Methodologically, it combines geospatial ...approaches and new institutionalism to capture and understand residential development, taking into account the interests, constraints and agency of local planning authorities, developers and households. The geospatial analysis shows that land take in the case study regions is primarily the result of low-density residential areas. We find that the combination of rural housing ideals, municipal policy objectives, municipalities' disengagement from spatial development and private sector interests are the main drivers for this kind of residential development. As the interests and constraints apply to all case study regions, the identified institutional configuration has high power in explaining low-density residential development. Our study thus uncovers a close link between the interests and constraints of actors, which on the one hand explains the limited impact of existing and new planning instruments on reducing land take, and on the other hand fosters path dependency in the development of low-density residential areas. Although there is some potential for change, breaking path dependency requires significant behavioural change among local planning authorities, developers and households.
•Applying new institutionalism as a conceptual framework for understanding development of low-density residential areas.•Measuring low-density housing at sub-municipal level through building-based spatial analysis.•Structuring the housing construction process, taking into account local planning authorities, developers and households.•Understanding actors’ interests, constraints and agency through expert and household interviews.•Study covers five case study regions and a period of 10 years (2009–2019).
Patterns of spatial development and protection form a basic category of geoscience, and redesigning them is a popular subject of research in regional sustainable development that is important for ...ecological civilization construction. The authors here report a case study of Wuhan city using the circuit theory model and minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model to rebalance its spatial protection and development. The results show the following: (1) Using the density of the gross domestic product (GDP), density of population, rate of urbanization, and access to transportation as evaluation indicators, seven core areas of development in Wuhan were identified, accounting for 59% of the total number of streets, that exhibited a “circular-satellite” spatial structure. (2) According to the importance of ecosystem services, ecological sensitivity, land use type, and slope of the terrain, the resistance surface of spatial development in Wuhan had a stereoscopic spatial form of an “inverted pyramid,” with high surroundings and a low center. The area of low resistance accounted for 6.64% of the total area of Wuhan. (3) Based on coupling analysis using the MCR and spatial morphological characteristics of current, nine axes of spatial development with a total area of 427.27 km
2
and eight key strategic points with a total area of 40.02 km
2
were identified. Streets that were prioritized for development accounted for 9.63% of Wuhan’s total area. (4) By combining the characterization of the development axis with the structure of the three-level core area, we extracted the structure of spatial development of “one heart, two wings, and three belts” in Wuhan. The research framework and empirical results can provide scientific guidance for the urban spatial layout, the development of regional linkages, and ecological environmental protection in China.
Das Konzept der Ökosystemleistungen kann helfen, Umsetzungsdefizite der räumlichen Planung zu bewältigen und den Schutz und die nachhaltige Nutzung von Natur und Landschaft zu fördern. Die ...vielfältigen Erkenntnisse zur Anwendung in Deutschland wurden bisher jedoch noch nicht systematisch zusammengebracht und ausgewertet. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt Thesen für einen Einsatz des Konzepts der Ökosystemleistungen in der räumlichen Planung und für eine nachhaltige Raumentwicklung vor. Die Thesen führen den Stand des Wissens zusammen und geben Empfehlungen für den Einsatz in der Praxis und für weitere Forschung. Sie sind in drei thematische Bereiche gegliedert: Thesen zum generellen Nutzen des Konzepts, zu Hemmnissen und Potenzialen des Einsatzes wie der Anbindung an Planungsinstrumente sowie Thesen zu Handlungsbedarfen in Forschung und Planung. Sie sollen Wissenschaft und Praxis motivieren, das Konzept der Ökosystemleistungen in relevanten Planungskontexten einzusetzen, es für besseren Schutz und die nachhaltige Entwicklung von Natur und Landschaft zu nutzen und somit Transformationsprozesse zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung zu unterstützen.
The concept of ecosystem services can help to overcome implementation deficits in spatial planning and to promote the protection and sustainable use of nature and landscape. However, diverse findings on the concept's application in Germany have not yet been brought together and evaluated. The aim of this paper is to present theses on the meaningful and effective use of ecosystem services in spatial planning and the promotion of sustainable spatial development. The theses are intended to summarize the state of knowledge and provide recommendations for use in practice and for further research. They are divided into three thematic areas: Theses on the benefits of the ecosystem services concept, on obstacles and potentials of its use and theses on needs for action. The theses are intended to motivate practitioners and scientists to apply the ecosystem services concept in appropriate planning contexts, to use it for better protection and development of nature and landscape, and to support transformation processes towards sustainable development.
The article considers the features of the formation of new formations, taking into account the socioeconomic development of society. A brief historical review of the establishment of formations ...during the development of society is carried out. The main challenges faced by Ukraine in modern conditions are distinguished. An overview of the development of foreign economic activity of the regions of Ukraine is carried out and regional peculiarities of economic activity are highlighted. The main tasks that should be solved in the development and implementation of relevant programs of socioeconomic and spatial development of regions are determined. The tasks identified in the article are grouped by the main directions as follows: economic, social, production. It is substantiated that the spatial development of regions and the establishment of new formations in order to bridge the novel production links should be based on the principles of environmental friendliness and resource conservation. It is proved that the creation of new effective formations requires appropriate additional funding, which complicates this process, since today the legislation of Ukraine does not have a mechanism for financing such forms of cooperation. It is defined that in order to form effective spatial cooperation of the regions, it is necessary to appropriately amend both the regulatory and the organizational provision. It is necessary to develop an appropriate mechanism and organizational measures that would facilitate the formation of novel forms of production ties and contribute to the overall socioeconomic development of the regions in new conditions. The main principles on which the State policy should be based for creating conditions for spatial development of regions are proposed. Such principles include: the definition of appropriate «growth points» in the regions; taking into account new trends and requirements of international markets; establishment of effective interregional relations of both foreign and domestic policy; development of measures for the development of priority territories; taking into account the factors of the external and internal environment with the development of appropriate measures to minimize negative occurrences
While discussions are ongoing about the exact meaning of car dependence, its assessment has been primarily qualitative. The few quantitative approaches adopted so far have tended to analyze either ...high car use and ownership or a lack of public transport accessibility as indicators of car dependence. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate car dependence in Munich after merging these three aspects—car use, ownership, and lack of public transportation—and identify its associated potential spatial predictors. The exploratory approach is applied to traffic zones in the transit service area around Munich, Germany, which includes calculating an indicator for car dependence and its linkage with socio-spatial factors using multiple linear regression. For this purpose, traffic data from 2017 and census data from 2011 are used, which are the most recent available. It was found that car dependence is higher in suburban areas with low local numbers of employees, low land costs, and high average income tax payments. Identifying areas with higher car dependence and associated factors can help decision makers focus on or prioritize these areas in providing better access to alternative transportation and basic opportunities. Future research could focus on application in additional regions, using recent and aligned data, and further combinations with qualitative research.
Superhub development is crucial for enhancing the economic prowess and sustainability of a region, focusing on bolstering its global competitiveness and amplifying its impact on national and regional ...growth. In the case of Nusantara, Indonesia’s new capital city, understanding public sentiment towards its development plan is essential. This study employed sentiment analysis, combining a comprehensive dataset of 433,637 tweets from 2020 with public documents and machine-learning tools to accurately gauge public opinion. Six key components of regional development emerged from the analysis, reflecting public discourse on IKN’s planning and execution. Geographically, sentiment across the 33 provinces was evenly distributed, with 63% positive, 24% negative, and 13% neutral sentiments observed in the tweets. However, sentiment fluctuated throughout the year, with a surge in negative sentiment early in 2020 due to concerns over financing risks and economic challenges. Nonetheless, negativity waned as the year progressed, with positive tweets steadily increasing from April to December. These findings offer valuable insights for guiding the development of Nusantara, aiding policymakers in addressing public concerns, and ensuring a more informed and inclusive approach. Such sentiment analysis proves instrumental in shaping the strategic trajectory of the new capital city, fostering sustainable growth and public support.
PDF
