Deliblato Sands is one of the largest sandy areas in Europe. Given that developing of vegetation on the sand is a slow process, followed by human activities that devastate the plant cover (grazing, ...deforestation), the free-moving sand on Deliblato Sands exited until the 18th century. Unbound sand hindered the development of agriculture in the entire southern Banat region, so it was necessary to start a more intensive process of restraining sand masses. The afforestation of this area began in 1818 and is still ongoing. In the process of afforestation, nine periods can be recognized that differ in relation to afforestation/reforestation techniques, the choice of species or the organizational structure of the forestry units (and countries) of the area of Deliblato Sands belonged throughout history.The most significant results in the binding of free moving sand were achieved by the application of black locust (
Robinia pseudoacacia
L.) seedlings with juniper scrub (
Juniperus communis
L.) laid down on open sandy areas and sowing different species of grass between the rows of seedlings. This technique has been applied since the IV afforestation period (1878-1898). The largest areas were afforested in the V period (1898-1918), when parts of Deliblato Sands were formally protected for the first time in history as areas of importance for the preservation of biodiversity. The species most used in afforestation are black locust (
Robinia pseudoacacia
L.), Scots pine and black pine (
Pinus sylvestris
L.,
Pinus nigra
J. F. Arnold), poplars (
Populus
sp.), and some shrubby (e.g.
Juniperus virginiana
L.) and herbaceous species (e. g.
Ammophilla arenaria
(L.) Link,
Festuca vaginata
Willd.,
Leymus arenarius
(L.) Hochst.,
Carex arenaria
L.). Today,
Robinia pseudoacacia
L. is most common tree species on Deliblato Sands and it occupies almost a third of the entire area.
Deliblatska peščara jedna je od najvećih peščara u Europi. S obzirom da je obrastanje pijeska spor i dugotrajan proces, praćen ljudskim aktivnostima koje devastiraju biljni pokrov (ispaša, sječa šuma), površine ogoljenog pijeska na Pješčari zadržane su sve do 18. stoljeća. Rastresiti pijesak kočio je razvoj poljoprivrede u regiji cijelog južnog Banata, te je trebalo krenuti u intenzivniji proces obuzdavanja pješčane mase. Pošumljavanje ovog područja počelo je 1818. godine i još uvijek traje. U procesu pošumljavanja može se prepoznati devet razdoblja koja se razlikuju u odnosu na tehnike pošumljavanja, izbor vrste te organizacijski ustroj šumarskih jedinica kojima je područje Pješčare povijesno pripadalo. Najznačajniji rezultati postignuti su u vezivanju rastresitog pijeska korištenjem sadnica bagrema (
Robinia pesudoacacia
L) u kombinaciji s grmovima borovice (
Juniperus communis
L.) položenih među redove sadnica i uz sijanje različitih vrsta trava. Ova tehnika primjenjuje se od IV. razdoblja pošumljavanja (1878-1898). Najveća područja pošumljena su tijekom V. razdoblja pošumljavanja (1898.-1918.), kada su dijelovi Pješčare prvi put u povijesti formalno zaštićeni kao područja značajna za očuvanje biološke raznolikosti. Vrste koje su najčešćće korištene u pošumljavanju su bagrem (
Robinia pseudoacacia
L.), bijeli i crni bor (
Pinus sylvestris
L
.
,
Pinus nigra
J. F. Arnold), topola (
Populus
sp.), a zasađene su i neke grmolike (npr.
Juniperus virginiana
L
.
) i zeljaste vrste (npr.
Ammophilla arenaria
(L.) Link,
Festuca vaginata
Wild.,
Leymus arenarius
(L.) Hochst.,
Carex arenaria
L.). Danas je u Deliblatskoj peščari bagrem najzastupljenija vrsta, zauzima skoro trećinu cjelokupne površine.
U hrvatskoj naftnoj industriji godišnje se proizvodi značajna količina krhotina razrušenih stijena. Krhotine razrušenih stijena zagađene su otpadnom isplakom te spadaju u heterogeni otpad koji sadrži ...ugljikovodike, teške metale i kloride. Trenutačno se kao metoda zbrinjavanja krhotina primjenjuje metoda stabilizacije uz pomoć vapna i pijeska. Opisan je postupak pripreme stabiliziranog otpada u laboratorijskim uvjetima na dva uzorka krhotina iz isplačnih jama s područja Dravske depresije. Prije pripreme stabiliziranog otpada u laboratorijskim uvjetima, u početnom uzorku otpada određen je udio organske tvari dobiven ekstrakcijom s organskim otapalom te sadržaj ukupno topljive tvari u vodi. Na temelju te dvije osnovne analize određena je količina vapna i pijeska potrebna za izradu stabiliziranog otpada. Fizikalno-kemijske značajke početnog i stabiliziranog otpada analizirane su primjenom standardnih laboratorijskih metoda. Rezultati su pokazali da miješanje otpada s vapnom i pijeskom omogućuje prevođenje početnog uzorka otpada klasificiranog kao opasan otpad u neopasan otpad.
In the Croatian oil and gas industry, significant quantities of drill cuttings are produced annually. The drill cuttings are contaminated with waste mud being heterogeneous waste which comprises hydrocarbons, heavy metals and chlorides. Currently, the treatment option for these drill cuttings is stabilization method using lime and sand as binder. The procedure of stabilized waste preparation in laboratory conditions on two samples of drill cuttings from Drava Depression is described. Prior to the stabilization test under laboratory conditions, it was necessary to determine the content of organic matter in the initial waste sample using organic solvent extraction method, and the content of total soluble matter in water. On the basis of these two parameters, the amount of lime and sand required to produce stabilized waste were determined. Initial and stabilized waste samples were analysed according to standard methods. The results indicated that the process of stabilization of waste using lime and sand enabled the transformation of an initial waste sample classified as hazardous waste into non-hazardous waste.
Cilj: Cilj rada jest prikazati rezultate anatomske stabilizacije kronično nestabilnog gležnja uz augumentaciju fibularnim periostealnim režnjem. Ispitanici i metode: Ukupno 7 muškaraca i 7 žena s ...kroničnom nestabilnošću gležnja, medijan životne dobi 37 godina (20 – 61 godinu), liječeno je operacijski transponiranim fibularnim periostealnim režnjem. Transponirani periostealni režanj fiksiran je sidrima ili transosealnim šavima za kost talusa i petne kosti, u rekonstrukciji prednjeg talofibularnog i kalkaneofibularnog ligamenta. Svi pacijenti analizirani su AOFAS i FADI biljezima prije operacije i najmanje godinu dana nakon zahvata. Rezultati: Prijeoperacijski AOFAS porastao je s medijana 47 (17 – 82) na medijan 95 (84 – 100) nakon stabilizacije periostealnim fibularnim režnjem (p < 0,05). Medijan preoperacijskog FADI-ja iznosio je 89,2 (13,8 – 95,2), a nakon operacije medijan FADI-ja iznosio je 95 (79,5 – 98,8) (p < 0,05). Četrnaest pacijenata vratilo se svojim redovitim životnim i sportskim aktivnostima. Anatomske metode stabilizacije gležnja daju bolje funkcijske rezultate u odnosu na neanatomske metode. Periostealno tkivo s fibule čvrsto je i odlično se remodelira, te nakon godinu dana u cijelosti formira originalni ligament. Većina istraživanja različitih oblika korištenja fibularnog periostealnog režnja u lateralnoj stabilizaciji gležnja, bez obzira na način i vrstu fiksacije, daje odlične funkcijske rezultate. Zaključak: Metoda lateralne stabilizacije gležnja periostealnim presatkom s fibule pouzdana je metoda liječenja kronične lateralne nestabilnosti gležnja.
Aim: The aim of this article is to evaluate the method of anatomical stabilization of a chronically unstable ankle with augmentation with a fibular periosteal graft. Patients and Methods: A total of 7 men and 7 women with chronic ankle instability, with an median age of 37 years (20-61 years), were treated by surgically transposed fibular periosteal graft. The transposed periosteal flap is fixed by anchors or transoseal sutures on the talus and calcaneus, in reconstruction of the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments. All patients were analyzed with AOFAS and FADI scores before surgery and at least one year after surgery. Results: Preoperative AOFAS increased from median 47 (17-82) to median 95 (84-100) after stabilization with periosteal fibular lobe (p <0.05). The median preoperative FADI was 89.2 (13.8-95.2), and after surgery, the median FADI was 95 (79.5-98.8) (p <0.05). Fourteen patients returned to their regular life and sports activities. Anatomical ankle stabilization methods give better functional results than non-anatomical methods. The periosteal tissue from the fibula is firm and remodels perfectly, forming a whole ligament after a year. Most studies of different techniques of using fibular periosteal graft, in lateral ankle stabilisation regardless of the type of fixation, give excellent functional results. Conclusion: The lateral ankle stabilization method with periosteal fibular graft is a reliable method of treating chronic lateral ankle instability.
U članku je opisan koturajući Acrobot (WAcrobot), novi mehanički sustav koji se sastoji od podupravljanog robota u obliku dvostrukog inverznog njihala (Acrobot) opremljenog s aktuiranim kotačem. Ovaj ...podupravljani i izrazito nelinearni sustav ima potencijalnu primjenu u mobilnim manipulatorima i robotima na kotačima. Također služi kao testni model za istraživače koji proučavaju napredne metode nelinearnog upravljanja. U radu je opisan sustav upravljanja za podizanje WAcrobot-a u ispravan položaj baziran na metodama kolocirane i nekolocirane eksterne linearizacije za linearizaciju aktivnog ili pasivnog stupnja slobode, i linearnom kvadratičnom regulatoru za stabilizaciju robota. Učinkovitost predvi.ene metode je validirana simulacijskim rezultatima. Rezultati su prikazani u obliku animacije kako bi se demonstrirala korelacija izme.u simulacijskih odziva i fizičkog odziva WAcrobota-a.
In this paper the Wheeled Acrobot (WAcrobot), a novel mechanical system consisting of an underactuated double inverted pendulum robot (Acrobot) equipped with actuated wheels, is described. This ...underactuated and highly nonlinear system has potential applications in mobile manipulators and leg-wheeled robots. It is also a test-bed for researchers studying advanced methodologies in nonlinear control. The control system for swing-up of the WAcrobot based on collocated or non-collocated feedback linearisation to linearise the active or passive Degree Of Freedom (DOF) followed by Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) to stabilise the robot is discussed. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated with numerical simulation. The numerical results are visualised by graphical simulation to demonstrate the correlation between the numerical results and the WAcrobot physical response.
The purpose of this study was to optimize the concentration of a fatty alcohol, in addition to internal phase, for formulating a stable O/W emulsion, by using artificial neural networks (ANNs). ...Predictions from ANNs are accurate and allow quantification of the relative importance of the inputs. Furthermore, by varying the network topology and parameters it was possible to obtain output values that were close to experimental values. The ANN model's predictive results and the actual output values were compared. R2 values depict the percentage of response variability for the model; R2 value of 0.84 for the model suggested adequate modeling, which is supported by the correlation coefficient value of 0.9445.
Cilj rada bio je pomoću umjetnih neuralnih mreža (ANNs) optimirati koncentraciju viših alkohola kao unutarnje faze za pripravu stabilnih emulzija ulje/voda. Rezultati ANN predviđanja su točni i omogućavaju kvantifikaciju ulaznih parametara. Nadalje, varirajući topologiju mreže i parametre moguće je dobiti izlazne vrijednosti koje su blizu eksperimentalnih vrijednosti. Usporedbom rezultata ANN predviđanja i stvarnih izlaznih vrijednosti dobiveni su visoki koeficijenti korelacije (R2 = 0,84 i r2 = 0,9445).
The goal of the paper is to explain and analyze whether the Central Bank of Russia should include commodity prices into the lists of variables they try to respond. We augmented New Keynesian DSGE ...small open economy model of Dib (2008) with the oil stabilization fund and new Taylor-type monetary policy rule and estimated the model using Bayesian econometrics. The results show that Central Bank's mild response to the oil price changes may be desired in terms of minimizing fluctuations of inflation and output only in the case when stabilization fund would be absent, while this response is redundant when"excess" oil revenues can be saved in the fund.
Ein Lehrbuch für Studierende der Landschaftsarchitektur zur Geländemodelllierung im Planungs- und Bauprozess. Mit detaillierten Informationen zur digitalen Geländemodellierung, inklusive ...GPS-Technologie. Peter Petschek is a landscape architect and a professor at the HSR Hochschule für Technik Rapperswil (Rapperswil University of Applied Sciences). He teaches the courses in execution, grading, CAD, DHM, and 3D landscape visualization in the Bachelor's and Master's Programs of the Department of Landscape Architecture. He also directs the Fachstelle für Garten- und Landschaftsbau (Research Center for Materials and Construction) of the Institut für Landschaft und Freiraum (ILF, Institute for Landscape and Open Space). The ILF is active in applied research in all areas of landscape architecture.
Pet reprezentančnih vzorcev močno onesnažene zemljine z območja stare cinkarne v Celju (Slovenija), ki so vsebovali od 7300 do 17200 mg kg-1 celokupnega Pb, od 6000 do 63600 mg kg-1 celokupnega Zn in ...od 24 do 250 mg kg-1 celokupnega Cd, smo remedirali z metodo stabilizacije s 15 ut.% portland cementa. Po 4 mesecih stabilizacije se je mobilnost Pb, Zn in Cd določena s TCLP metodo ("Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure") 5,8 - 17,4, 8,1 - 35,8 oz. 4,3 - 7,3-krat zmanjšala. Potencialna dostopnost Pb, Zn in Cd za rastline, določena z ekstrakcijo z dietilentriaminpentaocetno kislino (DTPA), se je po stabilizaciji 1,6 - 9,8, 1,1 - 2,1 oz. 1,3 - 4,1-krat zmanjšala. Biodostopni delež Pb določen s fiziološko osnovanim ekstrakcijskim testom ("Physiologically Based Extraction Test"; PBET) se je v črevesni frakciji po stabilizaciji 5,9 - 11,3-krat zmanjšal.
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