The overall treatment rate of rural domestic sewage in Northwest China is lower than that of national average level. In order to effectively improve regional rural sewage treatment capacity and ...enhance management level of water environment during local villages，the governments of northwest provinces （autonomous regions） have successively promulgated the discharge standards for pollutants of rural domestic sewage treatment. By comparing the discharge standards of rural domestic sewage in Shanxi Province，Shaanxi Province，Gansu Province，Qinghai Province，Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region，Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with Pollutant Discharge Standards of Urban Sewage Treatment Plants and the Water Quality Standards of Farmland Irrigation，it is revealed that the standard classification of the seven northwest provinces （autonomous regions） is mainly based on the surface water environmental quality standards and the scale of treatment facilities. In addition，the control index sele
The goal of the study is the analysis of Recovery Plan of Ukraine (draft) on the topic of internationalisation of higher education, its goals and their fulfilment. Goal 4 Internationalization of ...higher education of Ukraine includes the following steps: introduction of online admission of foreigners to Ukrainian universities on a regular basis; determination of priority measures for learning English; bringing the list of fields of knowledge into compliance with ISCED (stage 1: June 2022 – the end of 2022). To achieve the above goal, several methods have been used, including an internet search, analysis, systematization of evident information. It was found that Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine provides the regulatory framework for fulfilling goals of the first stage. At the same time it is stated that it is necessary to: approve electronic invitation form; register (registration and issuance by HEIs) electronic invitations using the means of a single interdepartmental electronic platform; interact regarding the approval of electronic invitations; keep records of electronic invitations; introduce the Law of Ukraine «On Employment of the Population» regarding the work of foreigners and stateless persons pursuing higher education in Ukraine; ratify the Global Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education (2019). The increase in the volume of state funding of higher education in Ukraine in the conditions of recovery from the consequences of the war with russia compared to the pre-war period is not realistic. The number of Ukrainian and foreign applicants to HEIs will decrease.
Background and objective: This study reviewed forest therapy program studies by applying the scoping review methodology to provide recommendations for future research and basic data for the ...development of forest therapy programs.Methods: Data collection was conducted from April 1 to 5, 2022 using South Korean literature databases (RISS, KISS, Science ON, DBpia) and international literature databases (SCOPUS, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE). Focusing on papers published by March 31, 2022, while considering the publication year, we finally selected 118 papers (99 from South Korea and 19 from other countries).Results: Starting with the first study in 1996, research in South Korea was conducted in earnest since 2006. The study subjects primarily comprised those who were vulnerable to stress, such as office and labor workers, children at community child care centers, and families of patients, followed by mental health and physical patients. In terms of program characteristics, the site types primarily included general forests and forest welfare facilities, and in terms of seasons, summer accounted for the highest proportion, followed by spring and fall, which showed similar proportions. The programs primarily included one-day multiple-session and lodging types. Upon examining the structure of the programs, we observed that the majority of lodging type programs were 3 days and 2 nights programs and 2 days and 1night programs. In contrast, one-day multiple-session programs were primarily conducted in a once-a-week cycle, with 6 to 10 sessions.Conclusion: Through the results of this study, we examined the current status and scope of forest therapy program research. The findings are expected to be used as a basis for expanding forest therapy program research to collaborate with stakeholders in the health and medical fields in the future.
In the process of studying the spatiotemporal cause mechanism of urban heat island (UHI) effects, the classification method used will directly affect the robustness of urban surface heat ...classification. Applying five commonly used standard classification methods, we divided Beijing's urban surface temperatures in the summer of 2020 into five levels. We then compared the reliability of the five classification methods in resolving 12-period data and the seasonal average temperature in UHI patches, based on two indicators: UHI area and UHI intensity. The actual land-use composition of the UHI patches obtained with traditional methods was applied to confirm our results. The mean-standard deviation method and natural breaks (Jenks) method were more robust with regard to UHI classification and 12-period data reliability. For the UHI area index, the mean-standard deviation method produced the smallest total area of UHI patches for summer days and nights. For the UHI intensity index, the quantile method, mean-standard deviation method, and natural breaks (Jenks) method were associated with smaller errors. Considering the composition of land-use types in UHI patches, the mean-standard deviation method, and natural breaks (Jenks) method were more rigorous. Thus, our research results provide guidance for method selection when classifying UHI.
The rate of technological development is accelerating, and the rate of spread to other technologies is also increasing. In order to obtain the maximum effect by utilizing the limited R&D budget, it ...is necessary to invest in research with a large spillover effect. Quantitative spillover effect indicators are needed to make investment decisions. Previous stud-ies tried to measure the flow of technology or the scale of the spread of technology, but there was a limitation in not being standardized. Therefore, in this study, we propose a Technology Contribution Coefficient measurement method using standardized and measured Similarity of Technology and Contrition of Technology. The standard used in the proposed method is the National Science and Technology Standard Classification System issued by the Ministry of Science and ICT. Most countries have a system for classifying science and technology, so it can be used in general. By using the proposed method, standardized technology spillover coefficient measurement is possible, making it pos-sible to objectively compare spillover effects even in R&D in different fields. KCI Citation Count: 0
Prediabetic subjects represent a vulnerable population, requiring special care to reduce the risk of diabetes onset. We developed and validated a diabetes risk score for prediabetic subjects using ...the Korea National Diabetes Program (KNDP) cohort. Subjects included in the multicenter and prospective cohort (n = 1162) had high diabetes risk at baseline (2005) and were followed until 2012. Survival analysis was performed to analyze the prospective cohort over time, and the bootstrap method was used to validate our model. We confirmed our findings in an external cohort. A diabetes risk score was calculated and the cut-off defined using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Age, body mass index, total cholesterol, and family history of diabetes were associated with diabetes. The model performed well after correction for optimism (C
= 0.735). A risk score was defined with a cut-off of ≥5 that maximized sensitivity (72%) and specificity (62%), with an area under the curve of 0.73. Prediabetic subjects with a family history of diabetes had a higher probability of diabetes (risk score = 5) irrespective of other variables; this result was confirmed in the external cohort. Hence, prediabetic subjects with a family history of diabetes have a higher probability of developing diabetes, regardless of other clinical factors.
To assess interrater reliability and accuracy of an expert panel in classifying injuries of patients as abusive or accidental based on comprehensive case information.
Data came from a prospective, ...observational, multicenter study investigating bruising characteristics of children younger than 4 years. We enrolled 2166 patients with broad ranges of illnesses and injuries presenting to one of 5 pediatric emergency departments in whom bruises were identified during examination. We collected comprehensive data regarding current and past injuries and illnesses, and provided deidentified, standardized case information to a 9-member multidisciplinary panel of experts with extensive experience in pediatric injury. Each panelist classified cases using a 5-level ordinal scale ranging from definite abuse to definite accident. Panelists also assessed whether report to child protective services (CPS) was warranted. We calculated reliability coefficients for likelihood of abuse and decision to report to CPS.
The interrater reliability of the panelists was high. The Kendall coefficient (95% CI) for the likelihood of abuse was 0.89 (0.87, 0.91) and the kappa coefficient for the decision to report to CPS was 0.91 (0.87, 0.94). Reliability of pairs and subgroups of panelists were similarly high. A panel composite classification was nearly perfectly accurate in a subset of cases having definitive, corroborated injury status.
A panel of experts with different backgrounds but common expertise in pediatric injury is a reliable and accurate criterion standard for classifying pediatric injuries as abusive or accidental in a sample of children presenting to a pediatric emergency department.
The modified International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) has been used empirically to report or investigate working conditions or worker status. We used principal component analysis ...and k-means clustering to analyze the working population based on 67 occupational characteristics among 23,060 workers from the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey in 2014. The three-cluster approach classified workers into major groups 1–4 (managers, professionals, technicians, and clerical support workers), 5–6 (service, sales, agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers), and 7–9 (crafts, trades, machine operators, assemblers, and elementary occupations) based on the ISCO-08. The results of the current study suggest a well-defined clustered occupational classification that can be used to report or investigate workers.
To investigate and accommodate opinions on the revision of the official occupational title of the medical technologist, the Korean Association of Medical Technologists (KAMT) requested 22,638 people ...registered as its regular members to participate in an online survey and select their two preferred options from the alternative job titles presented. Survey responses were collected from 3,999 people (17.66%). To examine job title preferences among the KAMT members, each respondent was asked to choose two terms from the choice set. As a result, 6,958 responses were obtained, and out of the total responses, 5,555 (79.83%) indicated a choice for a job title that included the word ‘analyst’ as the preferred alternative. The survey results showed that “Diagnostic Laboratory Analyst” was the most preferred alternative selected by the largest proportion of respondents (2,417 responses, 34.73%), followed by “Clinical Laboratory Analyst” (1,710 responses, 24.57%), “Biomedical Pathology Technologist” (758 responses, 10.89%), “Biomedical Analyst” (730 responses, 10.49%), “Biomedical Laboratory Analyst” (730 responses, 10.03%), and “Clinical Laboratory Scientist” (646 responses, 9.26%). Therefore, based on the responses of the surveyed members, results of consultation and literature review, the Standard Classification of Occupations (SCO), and the current status of the job titles used in major countries, it is suggested that the occupational title of medical technologists should be changed by adopting “Diagnostic Laboratory Analyst”, “Biomedical Laboratory Analyst”, or “Biomedical Analyst” as their new official job title.
임상병리사 명칭 변경을 위한 타당성 연구 구본경; Bon-kyeong Koo; 김원식 ...
Korean journal of clinical laboratory science,
03/2021, Letnik:
53, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
임상병리사 명칭 변경과 관련한 의견을 수렴하기 위해 사단법인 대한임상병리사협회에서는 정회원으로 등록된 총 22,638명에게 온라인을 통해 제시된 명칭에서 2개를 선택하는 설문 답변을 요구하였으며 이 중 3,999명(17.66%)이 설문조사에 회신 답변하였다. 명칭 선호도는 회원 1인당 2개를 선택하는 답변을 통해서 6,958건이 산출되었으며 그 중 ...5,555건(79.83%)가 ‘분석사’ 레벨을 선호하였다. 명칭에 대한 조사결과는 진단검사분석사가 2,417건(34.73%)으로 가장 많았고, 임상검사분석사는 1,710건(24.57%), 의생명병리사는 758건(10.89%), 의생명분석사는 730건(10.49%), 의생명검사분석사는 730건(10.03%), 임상검사과학사는 646건(9.26%) 순으로 조사되었다. 따라서 조사된 회원들의 요구도, 자문, 문헌고찰, 표준직업분류, 주요 대상국 현황을 기반으로 “진단검사분석사(Diagnostic Laboratory Analyst), 의생명검사분석사(Biomedical Laboratory Analyst), 의생명분석사(Biomedical Analyst)”를 명칭 정립으로 제언하고자 한다.
To investigate and accommodate opinions on the revision of the official occupational title of the medical technologist, the Korean Association of Medical Technologists (KAMT) requested 22,638 people registered as its regular members to participate in an online survey and select their two preferred options from the alternative job titles presented. Survey responses were collected from 3,999 people (17.66%). To examine job title preferences among the KAMT members, each respondent was asked to choose two terms from the choice set. As a result, 6,958 responses were obtained, and out of the total responses, 5,555 (79.83%) indicated a choice for a job title that included the word ‘analyst’ as the preferred alternative. The survey results showed that “Diagnostic Laboratory Analyst” was the most preferred alternative selected by the largest proportion of respondents (2,417 responses, 34.73%), followed by “Clinical Laboratory Analyst” (1,710 responses, 24.57%), “Biomedical Pathology Technologist” (758 responses, 10.89%), “Biomedical Analyst” (730 responses, 10.49%), “Biomedical Laboratory Analyst” (730 responses, 10.03%), and “Clinical Laboratory Scientist” (646 responses, 9.26%). Therefore, based on the responses of the surveyed members, results of consultation and literature review, the Standard Classification of Occupations (SCO), and the current status of the job titles used in major countries, it is suggested that the occupational title of medical technologists should be changed by adopting “Diagnostic Laboratory Analyst”, “Biomedical Laboratory Analyst”, or “Biomedical Analyst” as their new official job title.
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