As a discipline, the study of Biblical Hebrew grammar began largely among Arabic-speaking Jews of the Middle Ages, particularly in the ʿAbbasid period (750–1258 CE). Indeed, it has long been ...acknowledged by scholars that the Hebrew grammatical tradition, in many ways, grew up out of and alongside the Arabic grammatical tradition. Many concepts present in Hebrew grammar have their origins in the writings of Arabic grammarians of the ʿAbbasid period. And yet, as recent linguistic and anthropological work has shown, setting down ‘the grammar’ of a language can be as much an ideological or political activity as an academic one. In addition to the language itself, speech communities also share beliefs and attitudes about that language—what linguistic anthropologists would term a ‘language ideology’. Language ideology can have a dramatic impact on what forms of the language one regards as acceptable and what sort of rules one imposes on and through their description of the language. Nevertheless, while much work has been done on the interface between Hebrew and Arabic grammar and literature in the Middle Ages, interface of their respective language ideologies has yet to be treated theoretically or systematically. In the present book, then, we survey six specific characteristics of a ‘standard language ideology’ that appear in both the writings of the Hebrew grammarians who wrote in Judeo-Arabic and the Arabic grammarians during the ʿAbbasid period. Such striking lines of linguistic-ideological similarity suggest that it may not have been only grammatical concepts or literary genres that the medieval Hebrew grammarians inherited from the Arabic grammatical tradition, but a way of thinking about language as well.
ASP-Core-2 Input Language Format CALIMERI, FRANCESCO; FABER, WOLFGANG; GEBSER, MARTIN ...
Theory and practice of logic programming,
03/2020, Letnik:
20, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Abstract
Standardization of solver input languages has been a main driver for the growth of several areas within knowledge representation and reasoning, fostering the exploitation in actual ...applications. In this document, we present the
ASP-CORE-2
standard input language for Answer Set Programming, which has been adopted in ASP Competition events since 2013.
In various studies (Let us compare our languages, Gypsylang, Romtels), we wanted to understand whether teachers used pupils' languages to promote support and learning. Despite the fact that the ...teachers had been trained in the interest and the possibilities of working with the students’ languages, in class, various data (interviews, participant observations) showed that this difficulty in taking into account the languages of the pupils came from specific teachers’ representations. Most of them had to do with perceiving pupils' languages as having not sufficient "qualities", therefore in short, as not having all the characteristics of a language to be used as a resource in the classroom. This article will therefore highlight these representations and evoke projects (MALEDIVE, SIRIUS, LISTIAC) which aim in particular to work on these representations so that students' languages can fully be considered as a useful resource for learning.
This study aimed, firstly, to observe the phonological change of the Standard Indonesian (SI), particularly the final-k syllabic pronunciation used in the journalistic videos aired between 1980 – ...2019. Secondly, the study investigated the nature of the sound change by taking into account the theories of Lexical Diffusion. Lastly, the plausibly cause of the sound change was figured out, considering the sociolinguistic factors; orthographic re-regulation, post-colonial language policy, borrowing, and contacts. Methodologically, it is a diachronic study using a set of television news videos as the main source of data. A battery of findings from other related studies was employed to support the discussion on the nature and the reason for the sound change. The results show that the phonological shift of coda /ʔ/ ~ /k/ happened to most final -k syllabic words across the periods observed, but with varying degrees of rapidity, where the high-frequency words tend to be more sustained. The results also indicated that phonological shift of coda /ʔ/ ~ /k/ that occurred in the Indonesian TV-broadcast language was transferred from the Jakartan dialect, although some evidence of the 1972’s alphabetic writing system reformation also plays a considerable role in the TV News readers’ final -k sound shift.
The author reflects on the specific ambivalence between linguistic feeling and linguistic intelligence, which many native language users encounter from the beginning of school language education. A ...similar duality of the relationship to the mother (native) language can also be felt by any adult individual who is interested in the valid language norm and its current fulfillment in the national communication space, and therefore formulates his or her comments on real “language life” or raises questions addressed to experts in language issues. The author tries to suggest ways to a solution both in educational practice and at the level of language education and language counselling for the wider public. Her approach is based on the current situation in the Czech Republic compared to some features in the Slovak environment.
Applying Joshua Fishman’s typology for linguistic corpus planning, this article surveys corpus planning in independent Ukraine regarding changes in political conditions and in standard linguistic ...forms. Between 1991 and 1999, corpus planning addressed urgent issues such as transliteration and orthography, but corpus planning was sporadic and often initiated by private actors motivated by purism. Between 2000 and 2018, corpus planning gradually gave standard Ukrainian a firmer basis, peaking with the National Academy of Sciences’ monolingual general dictionary of Ukrainian issued from 2010. Since 2019, corpus planning has been remarkably streamlined, resulting both from the 2019 language law and from the 2019 orthography. I conclude that speakers of Ukrainian, including the numerous Ukrainian citizens who in the third millennium have shifted from Russian to Ukrainian – a development accelerating after Russia’s full-scale aggression in February 2022 – have at their disposal a standard language marked by ‘Ausbauization’ (Fishman, 2008): Standard Ukrainian is being built away from Russian and made more unique while accepting Western foreign languages components.
The purpose of this study is to describe elitist language on the Humor Recehku Instagram account, namely (1) non-standard word forms; (2) abbreviated forms that cause non-standard; and (3) word forms ...from foreign languages. The method used in this research is the descriptive method. The data collection technique was done by observing and taking notes. Data analysis used Miles and Huberman qualitative analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions and levers. This research leads to the content analysis “content analysis”. The data in this study are in the form of words, phrases, and sentences that experience language shifts in an elitist form. The results of this study indicate that there is a language shift in the case of using elitist language in the Humor Recehku Instagram account. First, non-standard word forms include non-standard words without a play (emang, gini, telfon, sampe, ngerasa dan sebagainya); non-standard words with a pun (Oktrouble dan gw); and non-standard words weakening phonemes (males, denger, bener-bener, ye, cakep, anjeng, kecapean, dan temen). Second, abbreviations that cause non-standard abbreviated standard words (sm, org, krn, dan trs); and abbreviated non-standard words (not and yesterday2). Third, foreign language words are divided into (typing, excuse, mood and so on); phrase (self-reminder, close friend IG); and sentences (is the best kind of sleep, oh well honey, you keep your small circle, and friend with many but trust any).
Granting equal opportunities to non-standard and standard language learners is unfair practice, since these two language groups are expected to achieve the same outcomes at the end of their school ...career. Learners who speak a non-standard variety of a language are at a disadvantage in classrooms that promote the standard language and face struggles such as differences in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, syntax, orthography, and discourse style. The current study exposed the challenges Mpondo-speaking learners face in learning the Xhosa standard language through the eyes of their teachers and subject advisors. The study was qualitative and a case study design was followed. Three Xhosa subject advisors and three Xhosa teachers were purposively sampled to provide data for the study. The findings showed that Mpondo-speaking learners were not exposed to the Xhosa standard language outside of the classroom context. The results also indicated that since Mpondo is a language that learners learn before going to school, it conflicted with Xhosa vocabulary and complicated the life of Mpondo-speaking learners when learning the new language, Xhosa. The results also showed that Mpondo-speaking learners received penalties in terms of marks allocation. They were punished for using their mother tongue. Finally, the findings revealed that Xhosa teachers and Xhosa subject advisors were of the view that using a dialect and standard language simultaneously in the classroom could minimise the challenges experienced by Mpondo learners.
Biological Pathway Exchange (BioPAX) is a standard language to represent biological pathways at the molecular and cellular level and to facilitate the exchange of pathway data. The rapid growth of ...the volume of pathway data has spurred the development of databases and computational tools to aid interpretation; however, use of these data is hampered by the current fragmentation of pathway information across many databases with incompatible formats. BioPAX, which was created through a community process, solves this problem by making pathway data substantially easier to collect, index, interpret and share. BioPAX can represent metabolic and signaling pathways, molecular and genetic interactions and gene regulation networks. Using BioPAX, millions of interactions, organized into thousands of pathways, from many organisms are available from a growing number of databases. This large amount of pathway data in a computable form will support visualization, analysis and biological discovery.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Among the Croatian speaking population and their elites in former Western Hungary and later Burgenland, standard written language issues have been debated throughout the 20
century. Various language ...policy entrepreneurs favored for a convergence with Serbo-Croatian / Croato-Serbian or the common Štokavian standard language, respectively. My article focuses on one such linguistic entrepreneur, Ignac Horvat, who was not a linguist by training, but as a priest, editor and writer one of the leading voices since the interwar period. His language policy articulated in newspaper articles as well as two typewritten and autotyped orthographic compilations vividly shows that minority languages always have to position themselves in a multilingual context and that language policy actors of such “small” languages try to follow the concepts of “bigger” standard languages. His linguistic policy, however, eventually failed and highlights that in standardization processes of minority languages ideologies are often oriented differently, rejecting stigmatization of local forms, but exaggerated emphasizing intelligibility as the main factor for language maintenance.
PDF
