In clinical situations, many patients have difficulty with standing up. Such patients perform standing up usingcompensatory movements. In such cases, it is necessary to analyze the movements and ...clarify the factors thatcause the compensatory movements. In this paper, normal and compensatory movements in standing up areexplained with examples. In addition, electromyographic data are presented to explain in detail what kind ofcompensatory movements occur.
Compensatory movements in standing up Inoue, Naoto; Takasaki, Hirokazu; Ikeda, Takumi ...
Journal of Kansai Physical Therapy,
2023, Letnik:
23
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
In clinical situations, many patients have difficulty with standing up. Such patients perform standing up usingcompensatory movements. In such cases, it is necessary to analyze the movements and ...clarify the factors thatcause the compensatory movements. In this paper, normal and compensatory movements in standing up areexplained with examples. In addition, electromyographic data are presented to explain in detail what kind ofcompensatory movements occur.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the single-leg standing-up test（SLST）, hip/knee flexion angles during single-leg landing and knee muscle strength. Sixty-five ...subjects with out any orthopaedic symptoms were included in the study. The subjects were classified into higher and lower SLST ability groups depending on whether they could perform SLST from the 20cm level. For the kinematic analysis of landing, single-leg landing motion from a 30cm high platform was videotaped from the lateral side.Markers were attached to bony landmarks in the pelvis and lower limbs, and knee and hip flexion angles were measured on the video image. Isometric knee extensor and flexor strength were also evaluated. During the data analysis, the obtained results were compared between the groups. The comparative analyses showed that the hip and knee flexion angles on landing were significantly larger and the knee flexor strength was significantly greater in the group exhibiting higher SLST ability. These results suggest that larger hip and knee joint flexion angles on single-leg landing and higher knee flexor strength are associated with superior performance in the SLST.
The patient, a man in his late 70s diagnosed with spinal cord infarction, showed a tendency to fall backward while standing up from the squatting position. Among the motion patterns, the standing-up ...pattern via the squatting position is the most efficient; hence, acquisition of the standing-up motion from the squatting position was the aim of therapy. Initial assessments indicated that anterior weight shift owing to dorsiflexion of both ankle joints was insufficient. In addition, during upward movement, a tendency to fall backward due to early weight shift occurring upward and backward was observed. Based on motor observations, the dorsiflexors and plantarflexors of both ankles were weak and the muscle tones of both hamstrings were high. In physical therapy, the patient performed strength training for the dorsiflexors and plantarflexors of both ankles, and the muscle tone of both hamstrings was reduced. In the final evaluation, the anterior weight shift owing to the dorsiflexion of both ankle joints was found to have increased. Furthermore, during upward movements, both knee joints extended when the pelvis was directed forward, and the tendency to fall backward was improved along with the patient’s safety and stability.
The patient, a man in his late 70s diagnosed with spinal cord infarction, showed a tendency to fall backward while standing up from the squatting position. Among the motion patterns, the standing-up ...pattern via the squatting position is the most efficient; hence, acquisition of the standing-up motion from the squatting position was the aim of therapy. Initial assessments indicated that anterior weight shift owing to dorsiflexion of both ankle joints was insufficient. In addition, during upward movement, a tendency to fall backward due to early weight shift occurring upward and backward was observed. Based on motor observations, the dorsiflexors and plantarflexors of both ankles were weak and the muscle tones of both hamstrings were high. In physical therapy, the patient performed strength training for the dorsiflexors and plantarflexors of both ankles, and the muscle tone of both hamstrings was reduced. In the final evaluation, the anterior weight shift owing to the dorsiflexion of both ankle joints was found to have increased. Furthermore, during upward movements, both knee joints extended when the pelvis was directed forward, and the tendency to fall backward was improved along with the patient’s safety and stability.
We administered physical therapy for a patient with knee osteoarthritis who had an increased risk of falling backward while standing up or standing. The patient experienced poor hip flexion during ...sitting and the flexion phase of standing up, causing the pelvis to tilt backward. Moreover, the extension of both hip joints was poor in standing and the flexion phase of standing up, which compromised the support of the upper limbs. Improved muscle tone in the iliacus muscle and gluteus maximus increased the flexion of both hip joints during sitting and the flexion phase of standing up. Additionally, the extension of both hip joints increased in standing. Consequently, the risk of falling backward was reduced in standing up and standing, which improved the patient's safety and standing ability.
We administered physical therapy for a patient with knee osteoarthritis who had an increased risk of falling backward while standing up or standing. The patient experienced poor hip flexion during ...sitting and the flexion phase of standing up, causing the pelvis to tilt backward. Moreover, the extension of both hip joints was poor in standing and the flexion phase of standing up, which compromised the support of the upper limbs. Improved muscle tone in the iliacus muscle and gluteus maximus increased the flexion of both hip joints during sitting and the flexion phase of standing up. Additionally, the extension of both hip joints increased in standing. Consequently, the risk of falling backward was reduced in standing up and standing, which improved the patient's safety and standing ability.
Standing Motion Support System for Hemiplegic Patients SHIRAISHI, Ryoichiro; SANKAI, Yoshiyuki
Transactions of Japanese Society for Medical and Biological Engineering,
2015/12/10, Letnik:
53, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Most hemiplegic patients stand up using their unaffected leg. For this reason, it is necessary for patients to learn to decrease the use of the unaffected leg and to increase the use of the affected ...leg while standing up. The purpose of this study was to develop a motion support system to help patients increase the use of the affected leg while standing up and to confirm the effectiveness of the new system by conducting a standing experiment in a hemiplegic patient. The new system provides visual motor information for each leg by measuring the floor reaction force (FRF) while standing up. Furthermore, the system supports sit-to-stand motion when FRF of the affected leg increases more than the threshold calculated from unassisted standing motions. A basic experiment confirmed that the FRF sensor can measure the FRF of each leg separately. The standing experiment was performed in a volunteer in order to confirm that the patient can increase the use of the affected leg by using the system. The results showed that while standing up, the usage ratio of the affected side increased by 11.4% and that of the unaffected side decreased by 55.9%. In addition, FRF of the affected leg while standing with the system was 239N, and FRF without the system was 175N. These results suggest that the new system is effective in helping hemiplegic patients to increase the use of the affected leg.
We performed physical therapy for a patient with spinal cord metastasis after malignant lymphoma one year ago. Posterior instability was observed in the buttocks while standing up; therefore, the ...patient lacked safety and stability during this action. The motions of the flexion phase in standing up were as follows: (1) spatial anterior and lateral tilting of the leg, and (2) pelvic anterior tilting with flexion of the hip. These abnormal motions were considered to have been caused by high muscle tones in the right ankle and foot muscles. Therefore, we considered that it might be difficult for the patient to perform pelvic anterior tilting with hip flexion; and this would have made standing up difficult as well. We prescribed direct stretching and strength training for the right ankle and foot muscles. However, the pelvic anterior tilting with hip flexion showed no improvement. Therefore, pelvic anterior tilting with hip flexion was not solely caused by the ankle and foot. On re-examination, abnormal motion with left hip flexion muscle weakness was observed. Physical therapy was performed to treat these hip, ankle, and foot conditions. Consequently, the patient showed improvement in spatial anterior and lateral tilting of the leg, and pelvic anterior tilting with the flexion of the hip during the flexion phase. The patient also improved with respect to safety and stability while standing up.
We performed physical therapy for a patient with spinal cord metastasis after malignant lymphoma one year ago. Posterior instability was observed in the buttocks while standing up; therefore, the ...patient lacked safety and stability during this action. The motions of the flexion phase in standing up were as follows: (1) spatial anterior and lateral tilting of the leg, and (2) pelvic anterior tilting with flexion of the hip. These abnormal motions were considered to have been caused by high muscle tones in the right ankle and foot muscles. Therefore, we considered that it might be difficult for the patient to perform pelvic anterior tilting with hip flexion; and this would have made standing up difficult as well. We prescribed direct stretching and strength training for the right ankle and foot muscles. However, the pelvic anterior tilting with hip flexion showed no improvement. Therefore, pelvic anterior tilting with hip flexion was not solely caused by the ankle and foot. On re-examination, abnormal motion with left hip flexion muscle weakness was observed. Physical therapy was performed to treat these hip, ankle, and foot conditions. Consequently, the patient showed improvement in spatial anterior and lateral tilting of the leg, and pelvic anterior tilting with the flexion of the hip during the flexion phase. The patient also improved with respect to safety and stability while standing up.
