The Regional Representative Council (In Indonesia: DPD/Dewan Perwakilan Daerah) is a government institution formed with noble intentions, to strengthen the representation of regional people so that ...their issues are fought for in the central government. However, in actual political practice, DPD is constrained by existing regulations in Indonesia, making DPD a legislative body without a clearly defined function and authority, and causing its inability to help increase the output of legislation. The legislature's performance, which increasingly often receives negative comments from the public, is a wake-up call for the Indonesian parliament to improve. This study aims to analyze the legal facts of the chaos of the Indonesian constitutional system that is not optimal in utilizing existing institutions such as DPD. This study also purposes to strengthen the urgency in correcting the mess through legal reform at the constitutional and legislative levels. The normative juridical legal method was used to investigate this matter, which refers to the positive regulations or laws that have been in force in Indonesia, which regulate the Indonesian constitution. As an institution with great potential for assisting the function of the House of Representatives (hereafter called DPR/Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat), DPD has always been neglected by Indonesian constitutional law politics according to this study. This research highlights the problems restricting the Indonesian government in connecting, understanding, and most importantly solving the problems that effect the lives of local communities, and how DPD has the potential to fix if given a better position in the legislation system.
The formation of special institutions regulated by law has the same status as those regulated in constitution (constitutional importance). The purpose of this paper is to determine the urgency of the ...existence of a special state institution that has a constitutional importance in Indonesia's strictness system, in this case the state institutions are the National Human Rights Commission and the KPK. The writing method used is to use normative legal research. The results of the discussion illustrate that the emergence of a new state institution that is regulated by law, namely as a functional institution that handles a problem within their respective scope. The conclusion is that to overcome the complexity of problems that arise in society. The recommendation in this writing seeks to ensure that institutions which have the same degree as existing institutions are constituted to be included in the constitution in order to strengthen their position and authority.
While the media tends to pay the most attention to violent secessionist movements or peaceful independence movements, it is just as important to understand why there are regions where political ...movements for autonomy fail to develop. In neglecting regions without political movements or full-blown independence demands, theories may be partial at best and incorrect at worst. State Institutions, Civic Associations, and Identity Demands examines over a dozen regions, comparing and contrasting successful cases to abandoned, unsuccessful, or dormant cases. The cases range from successful secession (East Timor, Singapore) and ongoing secessionist movements (Southern Philippines), to internally divided regional movements (Kachin State), low-level regionalist stirrings (Lanna, Taiwan), and local but not regional mobilization of identity (Bali, Minahasan), all the way to failed movements (Bataks, South Maluku) and regions that remain politically inert (East and North Malaysia, Northeast Thailand). While each chapter is written by a country expert, the contributions rely on a range of methods, from comparative historical analysis, to ethnography, field interviews, and data from public opinion surveys. Together, they contribute important new knowledge on little-known cases that nevertheless illuminate the history of regions and ethnic groups in Southeast Asia. Although focused on Southeast Asia, the book identifies the factors that can explain why movements emerge and successfully develop and concludes with a chapter by Henry Hale that illustrates how this can be applied globally.
What would an alternative to contemporary capitalism look like? In this book, Geert Reuten sets out a detailed design of a democratic society organised in worker cooperatives, followed by an equally ...detailed democratic transition to it, thereby making a convincing case. In Reuten’s design, Workers constitute the single economic class. However, unlike in capitalism, there is no class that owns the means of production. The legal structure of worker cooperatives is such that workers have full rights to the fruits of the cooperative without owning it, and yet the state does not own the cooperatives either. Interestingly, worker councils in the economic and state domains vote on all economically relevant matters. In Reuten’s work, the free choice of occupation and of specific consumer goods is even larger than in capitalism.
Since the early 1970's state and local governments have launched an array of economic development programs designed to promote high-technology development. The question our analysis addresses is ...whether these programs promote long-term high-technology employment growth net of state location and agglomeration advantages. Proponents talk about an infrastructure strategy that promotes investment in public research and specialized infrastructure to attract and grow new high technology industries in specific locations, and a more decentralized entrepreneurial strategy that reinforces local agglomeration capacities by investing in new enterprises and products, promoting the development of local networks and partnerships. Our results support the entrepreneurial strategy, suggesting that state governments can accelerate high technology development by adopting market-supportive programs that complement private sector initiatives. In addition to positive direct benefits of technology deployment/transfer programs and SBIR programs, entrepreneurial programs affect change in high-technology employment in concert with existing locational and agglomeration advantages. Rural (i.e. low population density) states tend to benefit by technology development programs. Infrastructure strategy programs also facilitate high technology job growth in places where local advantages already exist. Our results suggest that critics of industrial policy are correct that high technology growth is organic and endogenous, yet state governments are able to “pick winners and losers” in ways that grow their local economy.
Does the occurrence of flood disaster increase the risk of communal conflict and if so, does trust in state political institutions mitigate the adverse effect? This study addresses these questions by ...studying the intervening effect of trust in local governmental institutions at a sub-national level. The effect of flood disasters on the risk of communal violence is expected to be contingent on peoples’ trust that local political structures are able to address potential disputes between groups. Violent conflicts, in that sense, are neither inevitable nor directly determined by the occurrence of disasters. They largely depend on the context of a given society and political response to these external shocks. To test this expectation, the study uses survey data on trust in local state institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa from the Afrobarometer (2005–2018), combined with geo-referenced communal conflict and flood data. In line with theoretical expectations, results suggest that flood disasters are associated with communal violence only for administrative districts that are governed by distrusted local state institutions. Conversely, flood disasters tend to be negatively associated with the risk of communal clashes in the presence of highly trusted local government councils and (especially) trusted judicial courts. Changing model specifications and estimation techniques produces similar results. An out-of-sample cross-validation also shows that accounting for political variables, in addition to flood disasters, improves the predictive performance of the model.
In the article, the author examines the monograph by Tatyana Alekseeva. “The Spanish Head of State: A History of Constitutionalization”. The author notes the relevance of the study by Tatyana ...Alekseeva Institute of the Head of State, as relevant in modern conditions. The author notes that this historical and legal study has every reason to claim recognition in constitutional and legal comparative studies, as well as in the science of constitutional law in a broad theoretical sense. The author analyzes the role of the monarchy as an institution, on the one hand, exerting a restraining effect on the state of society, and on the other, serving as the basis, including for a democratic social order, based on the force of law. Research by Tatyana Alekseeva proves that free and careless treatment of state and legal institutions is costly for people, estates and nations.
The article considers one of the most striking objects of the Soviet period, the House of Soviets, at different stages of its realisation – from its design to final result. On the example of the ...Irkutsk House of Soviets the peculiarities of the approach to buildings of this type are revealed: architectural competitions, complex environmental approach, stylistic features associated with ideological attitudes, construction problems.
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