The European Union’s institutional development is highly imbalanced. It has established robust legal authority and institutions, but it remains weak or impotent in terms of its centralization of ...fiscal, administrative, and coercive capacity. We argue that situating the EU in terms of the history of state-building allows us to better understand the outcomes of EU governance. Historically, political projects centralizing power have been most complete when both market and security pressures are present to generate state formation. With the EU, market forces have had a far greater influence than immediate military threats. We offer a preliminary demonstration of the promise of this approach by applying it to two empirical examples, the euro and the Schengen area. Our analysis suggests that the EU does not need to be a Weberian state, nor be destined to become one, for the state-building perspective to shed new light on its processes of political development.
Inaugurated on December 4, 1995, the Historical Police Museum and Archive of the Province of Chubut is located in Rawson, capital state city, and contains numerous documents on different moments of ...the province's police history. In this article we propose to present the note book of the Chubut Police Station Administration from 1880 to 1886. We consider that it constitutes one of the representative sources of the first years of the Welsh colony of Chubut, because it allows us to study the first relations and conflicts that arose between the settlers and the national authorities assigned to the territory, linking them with the parliamentary debate of 1863 in which the project to establish the colony in Patagonia was discussed. We will make a brief reference to the themes that were recorded in that book, to then analyze a confrontation between Commissioner Juan Finoquetto and one of the Welsh leaders, Lewis Jones.
Does war exposure increase popular support for state penetration or are changes in taxation and economic intervention primarily elite-driven? Existing research rests mainly at the macro level and is ...therefore unable to distinguish between the two mechanisms. In this paper, we employ a natural experiment to investigate whether direct war exposure affects popular preferences for state penetration in the post-war period. We use accidental bombardments of Swiss municipalities during the Second World War as treatments to examine whether popular preferences expressed in direct democratic votes on tax policies and economic intervention in war-affected municipalities followed different trajectories in the post-war period compared to municipalities that were not the target of accidental bombardments. We show that war exposure increased popular support for state intervention into the economy, but we do not find an effect of accidental bombardments on popular support for more progressive taxes or the extension of fiscal capacity.
Na primeira década da monarquia brasileira o governo de Pedro I experimentou rija oposição de setores que refutava a opção monárquica como regime político para o Brasil. Esta oposição utilizava a ...imprensa como veículo de propagação do ideário liberal e republicano. Este foi o caso dos textos publicados em jornais como o Sentinela da Liberdade, editado por Cipriano Barata (1772-1838) e o Sentinela do Serro, editado por Teófilo Ottoni (1807-1869). Ao analisar tais textos a partir dos referenciais da chamada História dos Conceitos, procuraremos identificar no material publicado entre a independência e os primeiros anos da Regência os conceitos e narrativas políticas que derivaram do léxico republicano a fim de melhor compreender o complexo cenário político que caracterizou o país nos anos iniciais da formação do Estado nacional.
What is the relationship between a state’s sovereignty and the recognition of its sovereignty by other states? This article argues that in critical circumstances, the recognition of state sovereignty ...is performative: recognition helps to bring sovereignty about, paradoxically because it appears merely to reflect it. I outline a performative mechanism of sovereignty, identifying the class of cases that it best explains and the social conditions under which it obtains. Sovereignty is particularly performative for independence movements and revolutionary regimes. And performative claims to sovereignty tend to be recognized when its performers are socially aligned with their audience. This requires a sociology of the agents that represent sovereignty externally, its diplomats, and the wider relations in which they are embedded. I illustrate this argument by analyzing the diplomacy of a revolutionary state, England between 1688 and 1713, in relation to a critical audience, France. Performative sovereignty has implications for the study of state formation and world politics, for theories of revolutionary and postcolonial states, and for the concept of performativity itself.
ABSTRACT
Treating the ‘state’ as a finished product gets in the way of understanding it. The state is always in the making. This article, which acts as the Introduction to a special issue, argues ...that political authority is (re‐)produced through the process of successfully defining and enforcing rights to community membership and rights of access to important resources. Claims to rights prompt the exercise of authority. Struggles over property and citizenship are therefore as much about the scope and constitution of political authority as they are about access to resources and membership of a political community. The ability to entitle and disenfranchise people with regard to property, and to establish the conditions under which they hold property — together with the ability to define who belongs and who does not, and to establish and uphold rank, privilege and social servitude in its many forms — is constitutive of state power. Thus this essay argues that various moments of rupture (following periods of conflict, of colonial domination, of socialist, liberal, or authoritarian regimes, et cetera) allow us to see that rights do not simply flow from authority but also constitute it. Authority and rights are conceptually tied together by recognition. This article demonstrates how contracts of recognition unfold. It proposes an approach to the systematic investigation of the constitution of authority through the social production of property and citizenship as the recognition of claims to resources and membership. It thereby develops a way to study concrete dynamics of authority or state formation.
The photo‐induced formation of a quartet state in a molecular conjugate consisting of a porphyrin and a trityl moiety is depicted in the cover image. Such photogenerated multi‐spin systems hold great ...promise for applications in quantum information technology, artificial photosynthesis, as well as spin catalysis. The quartet state formation was scrutinised by femtosecond UV/Vis absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies, providing unique insight into the excited state reaction mechanism. Image design by Niklas Markloff, with contributions from Oliver Nolden. More information can be found in the Full Paper by S. Richert et al. on page 2683.
Ethnicity in Time Singh, Prerna; vom Hau, Matthias
Comparative political studies,
09/2016, Letnik:
49, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This article revisits and seeks to challenge one of the most powerful hypotheses in the political economy scholarship: the supposedly negative relationship between ethnic diversity and public goods ...provision. We suggest that the relative lack of attention to politics and history makes much of this literature vulnerable to endogeneity problems. In response, we develop a state-centered approach that brings time and temporality to the analytical foreground. This approach addresses issues of reverse causality and spuriousness by examining how different historical trajectories of nation-state formation, and the state strategies and capabilities to provide public goods associated with each, might have shaped both contemporary diversity and public goods provision. Bringing in politics and history and putting the analytical focus on the state also allows the article to open up the debate around how distinct manifestations of politicized ethnicity might influence state provision of public goods.
Civil Law as a branch of the private law is very important because of the regulation of the relations between two natural or legal persons in the field of property law, family law or law on ...obligations. The Republic of North Macedonia had a different story on its codification of civil law since it was part of the Former Yugoslavia, and its initiative started in 2009 with the process of drafting the civil code. This process continues due to the change of the Macedonian Government in 2016, which prolonged the work on the civil law codification for a couple of years. Now more than ever, the Republic of North Macedonia is ready to adopt the new Civil Code, and the last chapter is expected to be completed by the end of 2023 or the beginning of 2024. On the other side, the codification process of civil law in the Republic of Albania was long, and it emanated since its pre-state formation with the customary law and establishment of institutes, continuing with the declaration of independence and formation of the Albanian state in November 28, 1912 and the first Civil Code of 1929, the second Civil Code in the period of socialism in 1981, and the third Civil Code in the period of transition in 1994 until today. All this legal process of codification has brought development in the fields of private law, one of them being family law.
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