This book describes ggplot2, a new data visualization package for R that uses the insights from Leland Wilkinson's Grammar of Graphics to create a powerful and flexible system for creating data ...graphics. It teaches how to create graphics in R using ggplot.
Stochastic energetics is the emerging field that bridges the gap between stochastic dynamical processes and thermodynamics. This book is the first introductory text on the field and gradually takes ...readers from the basics to applications.
A hands-on introduction to the principles of Bayesian modeling using WinBUGSBayesian Modeling Using WinBUGSprovides an easily accessible introduction to the use of WinBUGS programming techniques in a ...variety of Bayesian modeling settings. The author provides an accessible treatment of the topic, offering readers a smooth introduction to the principles of Bayesian modeling with detailed guidance on the practical implementation of key principles.The book begins with a basic introduction to Bayesian inference and the WinBUGS software and goes on to cover key topics, including:Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms in Bayesian inferenceGeneralized linear modelsBayesian hierarchical modelsPredictive distribution and model checkingBayesian model and variable evaluationComputational notes and screen captures illustrate the use of both WinBUGS as well as R software to apply the discussed techniques. Exercises at the end of each chapter allow readers to test their understanding of the presented concepts and all data sets and code are available on the book's related Web site.Requiring only a working knowledge of probability theory and statistics, Bayesian Modeling Using WinBUGSserves as an excellent book for courses on Bayesian statistics at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners in the fields of statistics, actuarial science, medicine, and the social sciences who use WinBUGS in their everyday work.
Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Bayesian Models with R-INLA provides a much needed, practically oriented & innovative presentation of the combination of Bayesian methodology and spatial statistics. The ...authors combine an introduction to Bayesian theory and methodology with a focus on the spatial and spatio-temporal models used within the Bayesian framework and a series of practical examples which allow the reader to link the statistical theory presented to real data problems. The numerous examples from the fields of epidemiology, biostatistics and social science all are coded in the R package R-INLA, which has proven to be a valid alternative to the commonly used Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations
only abstract in English; full article and abstract in Lithuanian
Accounting and statistics are autonomous sciences with specific objects and methods. However, these sciences, as well as practice, ...have many interconnections: their main objective is to provide objective information to the state and society in order to ensure the country‘s economic growth and social well-being. The article emphasizes that till now the authors of the country did not investigate the relations of accounting and statistics, their links in time flow. There was a lot of time in the flow. There was also the fact that accounting methods found a place in economic-statistical calculations, in practice of statistics.
The purpose of the paper is to investigate the features and transformations of the accounting and statistical interfaces in their development stages. The article deals with the interrelations and transformations of Lithuanian accounting and statistics by distinguishing the following stages of their development: 1) Interwar Lithuania (1918 - 1940), 2) Soviet occupation period (1940 - 1990), 3) after the restoration of independence of Lithuania (1990 - 2017). At each stage, the main link between accounting and statistics is highlighted, as well as the essential features of the transformation of these sciences and practices. The article shows that time flow has revealed and reveals new problems in the accounting and statistical interfaces.
straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba
Buhalterinė apskaita ir statistika yra savarankiški mokslai, turintys specifinius objektus ir metodus. Tačiau šie mokslai, taip pat ir praktika turi daug sąsajų: jų pagrindinis tikslas teikti objektyvią informaciją valstybei ir visuomenei siekiat užtikrinti šalies ekonomikos augimą ir visuomenės gerovę. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos iki šiol netyrinėtos Lietuvos buhalterinės apskaitos ir statistikos sąsajos ir jų transformacijos šiuose jų raidos etapuose: 1) tarpukario Lietuvoje (1918 – 1940 m.), 2)sovietinės okupacijos laikotarpiu (1940 – 1990 m.) ir 3) atkūrus Lietuvos nepriklausomybę (1990 – 2017 m.). Kiekviename etape išryškinama svarbiausios buhalterinės apskaitos statistikos sąsajos, šių mokslų ir praktikos esminiai transformacijos bruožai.
Cilj rada je pokušati, u kontekstu testiranja modela ChatGPT na studentskim zadacima iz područja statistike, prepoznati slučajeve u kojima veliki jezični modeli pokazuju slično ponašanje ljudskom ...razmišljanju, a u kojima „razmišljaju“ na drugačiji način te identificirati prilike, rizike i ograničenja kod primjene umjetne inteligencije u nastavi. Analizirat će se mogućnosti i ograničenja velikih jezičnih modela te načini na koje se u ovom brzo rastućem području nastoji nadići postojeće pristranosti i nedostatke. U radu će se testirati chatbot na temelju velikoga jezičnoga modela GPT-4 ChatGPT u znanju uvodnog statističkog kolegija koji se predaje na drugoj godini studija studentima informatičkog studija. Testiranje je provedeno ručnim unošenjem 170 kviz pitanja iz područja statistike u preglednik ChatGPT-a. Pitanja su podijeljena u tri kategorije: teorijska pitanja u kojim se reproducira znanje, teorijska pitanja u kojim se testira razumijevanje područja i zadaci. Kviz pitanja su postavljena na hrvatskom jeziku i analizirani su odgovori dobiveni na hrvatskom jeziku. Uspoređena je točnost rješavanja kviz pitanja za studente i ChatGPT po kategorijama pitanja korištenjem Wilcoxonovog testa sume rangova. Rezultati pokazuju da ChatGPT daje statistički bolje rezultate od studenata u kategorijama teorijskih pitanja u kojima se traži reprodukcija znanja i razumijevanje, dok su kod rješavanja zadataka studenti uspješniji, ali razlika u točnosti nije statistički značajna (p<0,01).
It could be said that Croatia is “traditionally” an emigration country. Emigration processes in Croatia have been going on continually for over 150 years. With a more or less intensive emigration, ...since its independence,Croatia has also been experiencing a natural depopulation. Such a situation has resulted in the deep demographic crisis that the country is currently in. In recent times, since joining the European Union, we’ve been witnesses to the newest emigration wave from Croatia, as Croatian citizens have gained access to the job market of almost all EU countries. It is known that there are issues related to how correct the number of emigrated persons is, as shown by the official Croatian statistics. In this paper, we compare the official Croatian statistics data to the statistics of selected countries that Croatian citizens have most emigrated to. The goal of this paper is to find and analyze the discrepancy between the official Croatian statistics about the number of emigrated persons and the official data about immigrated persons in the countries where Croatian citizens emigrated to the most.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kesalahan mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan soal statistika. Penelitian dilakukan di Universitas Hasyim Asy’ari dengan subyek penelitian mahasiswa teknik ...informatika yang berjumlah 18 orang. Jenis kesalahan pada penelitian ini dibedakan menjadi tiga macam, yaitu kesalahan konsep, kesalahan strategi dan kesalahan hitung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Intrumen pengumpulan data adalah soal tes yang terdiri dari 6 soal dan wawancara tidak terstruktur. Hasil penelitian adalah mahasiswa melakukan 37 kasus kesalahan. Kesalahan konsep terjadi sebanyak 27,03% dari total kesalahan. Kesalahan strategi sebanyak 21,62% dan paling banyak adalah kesalahan hitung sebesar 51,35%. Faktor penyebab kesalahan mahasiswa bermacam-macam antara lain: kurang paham dengan konsep maupun rumus, kesulitan dalam memahami sintaks atau langkah-langkah pengerjaan, terburu-buru dan kesulitan dalam memperkirakan nilai akar kuadrat.
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