Nanostructured crystalline Al/amorphous AlN multilayer films with a wide layer thickness (h) range from ∼10 nm up to ∼200 nm were prepared by using magnetron sputtering. Nanotwins and 9R phase were ...substantially observed in the Al layers, showing a strong thickness dependence. The 9R phase predominantly penetrated through the Al layer in the II regime of h ≤ ∼20 nm, while mainly terminated within the layer interior in the I regime of h > ∼20 nm. On the contrary, the coherent nanotwins were boosted when h > ∼20 nm and the percentage of twinned Al grains was greatly increased. The formation mechanisms of 9R phase and coherent nanotwins were discussed in terms of the interfacial chemistry/physics modulated by the amorphous AlN layers, which displayed gradient characteristics and hence was sensitive to the layer thickness. A significant thickness dependence of hardness was also evident that the hardness monotonically increased with reducing h in the I regime, while reached a peak value and hold almost unchanged in the II regime. The hardness in the II regime is about 1 GPa greater than the predictions from an interfacial barrier crossing model. This discrepancy is mainly contributed by the layer-penetrating 9R phase rather than the nanotwins. This study provides a new perspective on fabricating nanotwinned Al by utilizing heterophase interfaces.
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The teaching and learning process is not only limited to providing material, but also utilizing media that is suitable with the material to be taught. Learning media has a very important role, ...therefore the media in learning has a function as a tool in the teaching and learning process to engage students to be active in learning. Social science learning process requires learning media to be used by teachers to stimulate students' minds. This study aims to describe and analyze the strengthening of student competencies in making social studies learning media in Social Development courses in the Postgraduate Study Program at IAIN Purwokerto. This type of research is a qualitative study. Data collection techniques used are through observation, interviews and documentation. Development of student competency in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Study Program IAIN Purwokerto develops learning media especially social science subjects at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah education level. The results of competency development is learning media that can be used by teachers in delivering material in social science subjects. The development of media produced by students is in the form of Mini Zoo media, ASEAN Box media and Traditional and Modern Markets Miniature media.
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A precipitation strengthenable high entropy alloy (HEA), Al0.3CoCrFeNi, was processed via laser-based additive manufacturing (AM), using the laser engineered net shaping (LENS) ...process. The as LENS processed HEA exhibited twice the tensile yield strength, as compared to the conventionally arc-melted and solution treated HEA of the same composition, with a tensile ductility greater than 20%. Subsequent heat-treatments of the AM HEA alloy led to further enhancement of the yield strength while maintaining good tensile ductility. The microstructure of these AM alloys was investigated by coupling transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT). The near doubling of the yield strength in case of the as AM processed HEA samples, which were devoid of second phase intermetallic precipitates, has been rationalized based on the formation of nanometer-scale Al–Ni rich solute clusters due to the re-heating of the deposited layers during AM. The enhanced yield strength due to these solute clusters has been estimated using a simple cluster-dislocation interaction model involving the coherency strain fields of these nano-clusters. The even higher yield strength in case of the heat-treated AM HEA samples has been quantitatively rationalized employing precipitation strengthening models, based on nanometer scale L12 (gamma prime) precipitates.
This study aims to determine the potential of the flipped classroom model based on living values education program to strengthen the character education of elementary school students. This research ...is a literature study using a qualitative descriptive approach by examining journals related to flipped classrooms and journals related to the living values education program. The results of these literature reviews will be used to identify the potential of a flipped classroom model based on a living values education program as a strengthening of character education for elementary school students. Sources of research data are secondary data sources. Data analysis in this literature review is content analysis. The results of this study indicate the potential for a flipped classroom model based on living values education program to strengthen the character education of elementary school students.
A hybrid procedure for seismic retrofit of an existing R.C. structure by using base isolation system is discussed in this paper. The case study is a high school building in Naples, built at the end ...of 1970s, as result of a gravity-load design approach. It consists of three jointed R.C. portions, having different features in plan and elevation. In particular, “Building 1” and “Building 2” are characterized by resisting frames only in transversal direction. These ones support the actions transferred by the floors, whose load-bearing elements are warped longitudinally. Both the two buildings are characterized by some R.C. shear walls, in correspondence of (internal/external) staircases. The three portions are separated by tight joints, whose width is inappropriate to avoid pounding damages due to earthquake shaking. Considering that the structure has no resisting frames in longitudinal direction, this school building has low seismic capacity longitudinally and a high lateral deformability, with a fundamental vibration period of TAS-IS =1.37s. In this case, seismic retrofit by using base isolation system has been necessary to improve its seismic response. On the other hand, the main aspects of modern capacity design approach are not complied with between dissipative and no-dissipative components. So, it is assumed that the current structural system has no ductility reserves, on local and global scale. For the seismic retrofit of the existing structure an “all rubber” base isolation system (BIS) has been assumed by using ϕ600 HDRBs, allowing to reach a TISO = 4.0s. To maximize the effectiveness of BIS, the three bodies have been connected at each floor level and the upper structure has been strengthened previously, reducing to TFB=0.30s the fundamental period of the strengthened fixed base solution. The proposed hybrid solution for seismic retrofitting merges two conceptually opposite design strategies, opting for BIS applied to an existing structure, stiffened ad hoc by using shear walls.
Um den strukturellen und finanziellen Bedürfnissen der steigenden Zahl an Pflegebedürftigen gerecht zu werden, haben seit der Einführung der Pflegeversicherung im Jahr 1995 diverse Reformen zur ...Weiterentwicklung des Pflegesystems beigetragen. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, eine Einschätzung der Reformansätze, Herausforderungen und Verbesserungsvorschläge aus Sicht von Pflegeberater*innen aufzuzeigen.
Grundlage der Analyse sind 14 semi-strukturierte, leitfadengestützte Einzelinterviews mit Pflegeberater*innen. Die Interviews wurden wörtlich transkribiert und nach der Methode der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.
Bei den gesetzlichen Änderungen nahmen die befragten Pflegeberater*innen spürbare positive Auswirkungen in Bezug auf den Leistungsumfang wahr, jedoch mit dem Verweis begrenzter Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten aufgrund fehlender Pflegeinfrastruktur. Herausforderungen wurden insbesondere in den häufigen Gesetzesänderungen, unklaren Zuständigkeiten und länderspezifischen Regelungen gesehen.
Insgesamt zeigten die Interviews komplexe Abhängigkeiten im deutschen Pflegesystem auf und die Notwendigkeit eines öffentlichen Diskurses zum Thema Eigenverantwortung, Gerechtigkeit und einer flächendeckenden Versorgung. Der Aufbau einer zentralen Informationsplattform wurde vorgeschlagen, um die Transparenz der Angebote auf kommunaler Ebene zu erhöhen.
Since the implementation of long-term care insurance in 1995, various reforms have contributed to the development of the German nursing care system in order to meet the structural and financial needs of the growing number of people in need of care. The aim of this paper is to present an assessment of care consultants on past legislation, challenges encountered during their work and suggestions to improve the current care system.
14 semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with care consultants. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and a qualitative content analysis was performed.
Care consultants perceived tangible improvements with regard to the scope of benefits as a direct result of recent legislation changes. The use of these benefits, however, is limited due to an insufficient growth of care infrastructure. Particularly frequent legislation changes, unclear responsibilities and dissimilar regulations between federal states were seen as challenges.
Complex dependencies within the German nursing care system were identified and the necessity for a public discourse on themes such as self-responsibility, equity and a comprehensive (nationwide) care supply was underlined. A central information platform was proposed in order to concretely improve information about services available locally.
Since the implementation of long-term care insurance in 1995, various reforms have contributed to the development of the German care system in order to meet the structural and financial needs of the ...growing number of people in need of care. The aim of this paper is to present an assessment of care consultants on past legislation, challenges encountered during their work and suggestions to improve the current care system.
14 semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with care consultants. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and a qualitative content analysis was performed.
Care consultants perceived tangible improvements with regard to the scope of benefits as a direct result of recent legislation changes. The use of these benefits, however, is limited due to an insufficient growth of care infrastructure. Particularly frequent legislation changes, unclear responsibilities and dissimilar regulations between federal states were seen as challenges.
Complex dependencies within the German care system were identified and the necessity for a public discourse on themes such as self-responsibility, equity and a comprehensive (nationwide) care supply was underlined. A central information platform was proposed in order to concretely improve information about services available locally.
The paper deals with the rehabilitation of an historical masonry bridge crossing the Magra river and connecting the small towns of Mulazzo and Villafranca in the northern part of Tuscany (I).
The ...masonry arch bridge, characterized by eight arches spanning 19 m around each and by around 12 m height intermediate masonry piers on shallow foundations, was built in 1874.
Since the original carriageway width was not sufficient to allow two lanes, in 1961 it was widened by means of two lateral prestressed concrete beams, supported by the piers, so hiding the arches and modifying severely the original aspect of the bridge itself.
In 2011, during the Magra flooding, two arches on the Mulazzo side collapsed due to scour of the extreme pier.
The reconstruction of the collapsed arches and rehabilitation and the strengthening of the bridge, which has been completed last year, is discussed and the execution of the interventions, which has performed without erection of temporary support in the riverbed, is also illustrated.
Particular attention is devoted to the original solutions which have been adopted for the full seismic upgrading of the bridge according to the Italian Building Code currently in force, recovering the original architectural aspect of the bridge and widening the carriageway as well.
On the Mures River there are some representative historical steel bridges built at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. They are located in important emplacements being an ...emblematical symbol for the local community. One of these structures – the bridge in Săvârşin - was successfully rehabilitated, being an example of a difficult strengthening work. In addition, the bridge in Arad, a monumental cantilever structure - a witness of the past, was renewed. The two other bridges, in Lipova and Săvârşin, are in a bad technical condition. All these structure are riveted. A duty of the present administration is to preserve these structures as historical and technical monuments. The paper describes the present situation of the structures.
Nowadays, the strengthening of existing buildings represents one of the most innovative fields within current research in civil engineering. Among the developed techniques, a recent solution consists ...in the use of FRCM composites (Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix), which are obtained by placing a dry grid of fibers inside a cement-based material (mortar). In comparison with traditional systems, the use of FRCM seems to provide some advantages; however, a full understanding of the mechanical properties of each component (mortar and fibers) and of their interaction, as well as their effect on the strengthened structure, still represents an open research topic. This work aims to be a first attempt to numerically simulate the global behavior of FRCM composites through the development of a macroscopic constitutive model subsequently implemented into a Non-Linear Finite Element (NLFE) procedure. The effectiveness of the proposed procedure is verified through comparisons with significant experimental results available in technical literature, relative to FRCM tension ties. The influence exerted by the adoption of different materials (such as Poliparafenilenbenzobisoxazolo (PBO) and carbon) for the internal fiber grid on the global behavior is also analyzed and discussed.
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