Objectives:
The objective of the present study was to investigate a) the potential effect of PAP in children’s jumping performance and b) the optimal time frame of the potential PAP effects in the ...same population
Methods:
Ten healthy male children (age: 12.2 ± 1.2; n= 7, pre-PHV and n= 3, post-PHV) conducted a single set of heavy resistance training (3RM leg press) followed by five maximal counter-movement-jump (CMJ) at different passive rest periods (1 min, 2 min, 4 min, 6 min, 8 min). Baseline 3RM leg press strength test, countermovement jump (CMJ), and peak height velocity (PHV) were assessed. Primary outcome: jump height (cm) pre and post-PAP.
Results:
No significant differences were observed between jumping heights pre- and post-PAP at any of the selected rest periods (1 min ES: 0.0; 2 min ES: 0.25; 4 min ES: 0.09; 6 min: ES: 0.03; 8 min ES: 0.15, p = 0.99). Pre vs. post-PAP jumping heights did not differ significantly even when participants were grouped according to peak height velocity (PHV) (pre-PHV: p = 0.97, ES: - 0.07 to 0.26 and post-PHV: p = 0.99, ES: - 0.11 to 0.37).
Conclusion:
The results indicate that a single set of a heavy lower-body resistance training protocol induces no significant PAP effect in healthy male preadolescent children, irrespective of the rest period used. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the results.
Background: Greater than predicted changes in resting energy expenditure (REE), often coined metabolic adaptation (MA), have been extensively documented in response to prolonged energy deficits in ...individuals with obesity. This observation has, to a much lesser extent, also been documented in leaner individuals. What is more, a positive correlation between losses of fat-free mass (FFM) and reductions in REE has been reported and this association is stronger in normal weight individuals. Hence, it remains unclear whether the mitigation of FFM losses through increased protein intakes in conjunction with resistance training during periods of energy restriction can prevent the occurrence of MA in athletes seeking weight loss for improved performance Methods: Eleven college aged athletes (5 women and 6 men) from various sports were analyzed in this ongoing study. They underwent a 6-week 25% reduction in energy intake along side a 3-day full body resistance training program. Participants were randomly assigned to a low (1.2g/kg), moderate (1.6g/kg) or high (2.2g/kg) protein group. Baseline and post-intervention measures were obtained via Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), isotopic water dilution, indirect calorimetry and dietary records. Results: Weight loss across all groups was -1.99 ± 2.16kg (p=0.012). A non-significant reduction in FFM was noted (50.9 ± 9.0kg vs. 50.1 ± 8.8kg, p=0.478). REE expenditure was significantly reduced after the 6-week intervention (1787 ± 270 vs. 1631 ± 267 kcal, p=0.012). No significant effects of protein were noted on any of the outcomes. What is more, post-intervention predicted and measured REE were also significantly different (1762 ± 264 vs. 1631 ± 267 kcal p=0.007). Conclusions: Our preliminary results indicate that MA occurs in trained individuals undergoing weight cutting independently of protein intake. In fact, REE was reduced by ~131 kcal/day more than predicted despite minimal weight loss and relative preservation of FFM.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Hypertension is a disease affecting a large part of the worldʼs population that causes millions of deaths annually. Physical exercise is proposed as an alternative to ...pharmacologic therapies used to reduce blood pressure. The main objective was to compare the effect of different types of strength training in blood pressure, as well as to analyse several variables that can modify the effect of strength training not combined with medication in SBP and DBP (SBP-DBP).
METHODS:The search was carried out in two scientific databasesPubMed and Web of Science. Articles were included following three criteriaanalysing the chronic effect of strength training in blood pressure; the studies were conducted at least during 4 weeks; and the articles were published in English.
RESULTS:The analysis showed a significant decrease of blood pressure for all types of training. The effect on SBP was greater when training without medication was carried out with isometric exercises than when training was performed with dynamic exercises. Moreover, the effects were no longer significant when the duration of the training programme exceeded 20 weeks as well as when training frequency was lower than three times per week were found.
CONCLUSION:Strength training is effective in reducing both blood pressures (SBP-DBP). Training programmes, consisting of dynamic strength training without medication at a moderate intensity and with a frequency of three times per week, seem to be optimal in order to reduce blood pressure.Prospective register of Systematic ReviewsCRD42019122421
ABSTRACTLates, AD, Greer, BK, Wagle, JP, and Taber, CB. Accentuated eccentric loading and cluster set configurations in the bench press. J Strength Cond Res XX(X)000–000, 2020—This study was designed ...to examine the kinetic and kinematic differences between an Accentuated eccentric loading (AEL), traditional loading, and cluster sets in trained male subjects (age23.7 ± 4.0 years, height176.4 ± 2.8 cm, mass93.6 ± 7.0 kg) with lifting experience (training age7.2 ± 2.4 years, 1-repetition maximum (1RM) bench press125.0 ± 14.8 kg, relative strength ratio1.3 ± 0.1) in the bench press. Subjects reported for a total of 5 sessions which consisted of a 1RM testing session and 4 experimental trials. The 4 experimental conditions consisted of a traditional load (TRAD), traditional load with inter-repetition rest (TRDC), accentuated eccentric loading with inter-repetition rest (AELC), and Accentuated eccentric loading for the first repetition only (AEL1). Concentric load was 80% of subjectsʼ 1RM for all conditions. An eccentric overload of 105% of 1RM was applied using weight-releasing hooks during the AEL conditions. TRDC demonstrated superior concentric outputs for mean velocity and mean power compared with TRAD, AELC, and AEL1 (p < 0.001). In addition, AEL1 produced significantly greater effects for rate of force development compared with TRDC (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that inter-repetition rest had an influence on concentric performance, specifically mean power and mean velocity, and may be favorable when using higher loads and when sustained power outputs are desired. In addition, AEL1 may provide a unique eccentric stimulus that alters loading parameters compared with traditional loading conditions.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the salivary alpha-amylase response to a moderate intensity, moderate volume resistance training protocol. In order to investigate this response, ...pre-exercise and post-exercise saliva samples were collected from 16 female collegiate soccer players during a team resistance training session with the strength and condition staff. Results: The saliva analysis revealed a significant increase in salivary alpha-amylase concentrations from pre- to post-exercise; 54.7 ± 34.7 U/mL, 100.6 ± 55.1; p = 0.002; d = 0.908; 95% CI: 0.31 – 1.48. These results indicated that a moderate intensity, moderate volume training protocol will elicit an increase in salivary alpha-amylase. Sport scientists and coaches are continually improving their ability to monitor the stress, and the athlete's response to these stressors. Salivary alpha-amylase is a promising candidate as a rapid, non-invasive method of indicating the magnitude of stress associated with resistance training.
Background. Training programs are part of training management that need to be properly and correctly prepared and implemented. Study Purpose. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of an ...8-week program of resistance training, carried out at a specific preparation phase, on the performance of male junior volleyball athletes. Materials and methods. This study was conducted as experimental research, with a sample of 24 male volleyball athletes (mean ± SD age: 17.96 ± 1.23 years; body weight: 75.56 ± 7.80 kg; height: 180.46 ± 7.14 cm; body fat: 17.62 ± 3.36%) who were randomly divided into experimental group (EG): n = 12 and control group (CG): n = 12. The training program lasted for eight weeks and took place at a specific preparation phase. Results. There was a significant increase in the indicators handgrip dynamometer left (p<0.014), handgrip dynamometer right (p<0.001), vertical jump (p<0.001), sit-and-reach test (p<0.000), leg dynamometer (p<0.000), and back dynamometer (p<0.001) in the experimental group after being given strength training treatment for eight weeks. Conclusions. When strength training is included in volleyball training, it can increase the performance in power, strength, and flexibility, especially when carried out at a specific preparation phase. Incorporating targeted stimuli, such as strength training, into training sessions appears to be a secure method of training for this age group and may help to contribute to continuous and gradual improvements in neuromuscular adaptation.
Abstract
Introduction
Commonly chronic insomnia is treating with sleeping pills, which are associated adverse side effects, tolerance, and mortality. Thus, many nonpharmacological therapies have been ...studied. Regular exercise and stretching are possible nonpharmacological interventions to improve sleep quality. The propose of this study was to assess the effects of resistance exercise and stretching on insomnia severity and objective and subjective sleep in patients with chronic insomnia.
Methods
Three 4-month treatments were compared: resistance exercise (n=10), stretching (n=10) and control (n=8). Resistance exercise occured at 50–60% 1-RM. Each session included 4 exercises for upper limbs: biceps, triceps, back, and pectorals; 4 exercises for lower limbs: flexors, extensors, abductors, and adductors; 1 trunk flexion exercise for abdominal area; and 1 trunk extension exercise. Stretching was low-intensity, involving the upper and lower limbs, with 8–10 types for each body region. Both treatments occurred 3 times/week from 5–6 p.m. Sleep was evaluated by polysomnography (PSG), actigraphy and questionnaires (Insomnia Severity Index - ISI and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index -PSQI).
Results
Analysis of covariance (covariate control for baseline) revealed significant differences comparing resistance exercise and stretching with the control treatment for changes in ISI (-10.5 ± 2.3, -8.1 ± 2.0 vs 2.3 ± 1.8, respectively), total sleep time (31.6 ± 9.9, 23.5 ± 19.3 vs -21.4 ± 18.7 min), sleep onset latency (-7.1 ± 4.6, -5.2 ± 1.9 vs 2.2 ± 2.1 min), wake after sleep onset (-9.3 ± 2.8, -7.1 ± 3.0 vs 3.6 ± 4.2 min) and sleep efficiency - SE (4.4 ± 1.8, 5.0 ± 0.8 vs -2.3 ± 2.0%) evaluated by wrist actigraphy. PSQI global score (-5.3 ± 0.8, -3.9 ± 1.5 vs -0.1 ± 0.8), sleep duration (1.2 ± 0.3, 1.6 ± 0.6 vs -0.1 ± 0.2 h) also improved in both treatment groups compared with control. Sleep latency decreased after resistance exercise compared with control (-47.5 ± 15.0 vs -15.6 ± 18.4 min) and sleep efficiency increased after resistance exercise compared with control (19.5 ± 3.9 vs 2.1 ± 4.3%). No differences were observed in the PSG, except REM latency that decreased after stretching compared with resistance exercise and control (-41.0 ± 23.1 vs 21.5 ± 24.0 and 24.5 ± 21.7 min).
Conclusion
Moderate-intensity resistance exercise or stretching decreased insomnia severity and improved objective and subjective sleep in patients with chronic insomnia.
Support (If Any)
Research supported by CEPID/FAPESP, AFIP and CEPE.
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