Quality indicators (QIs) are used in many healthcare settings to measure, compare, and improve quality of care. For the efficient development of high-quality QIs, rigorous, approved, and ...evidence-based development methods are needed. Clinical practice guidelines are a suitable source to derive QIs from, but no gold standard for guideline-based QI development exists. This review aims to identify, describe, and compare methodological approaches to guideline-based QI development.
We systematically searched medical literature databases (Medline, EMBASE, and CINAHL) and grey literature. Two researchers selected publications reporting methodological approaches to guideline-based QI development. In order to describe and compare methodological approaches used in these publications, we extracted detailed information on common steps of guideline-based QI development (topic selection, guideline selection, extraction of recommendations, QI selection, practice test, and implementation) to predesigned extraction tables.
From 8,697 hits in the database search and several grey literature documents, we selected 48 relevant references. The studies were of heterogeneous type and quality. We found no randomized controlled trial or other studies comparing the ability of different methodological approaches to guideline-based development to generate high-quality QIs. The relevant publications featured a wide variety of methodological approaches to guideline-based QI development, especially regarding guideline selection and extraction of recommendations. Only a few studies reported patient involvement.
Further research is needed to determine which elements of the methodological approaches identified, described, and compared in this review are best suited to constitute a gold standard for guideline-based QI development. For this research, we provide a comprehensive groundwork.
Getting the most out from keywords Smith, Graeme D.
Journal of clinical nursing,
April 2021, 2021-Apr, 2021-04-00, 20210401, Letnik:
30, Številka:
7-8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Keywords are words or phrases which should capture the essence of an academic paper. As such, most nursing journals request authors to provide them as part of manuscript submission. Choosing the most ...appropriate keywords is vitally important, as other readers and researchers will use these when searching for information in academic research databases, such as the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Therefore, to enhance the discoverability of an article, keywords must reflect an accurate indexing of a manuscript. At the Journal of Clinical Nursing, we believe that it is vital for our authors to choose the most relevant keywords that corresponds with their manuscript. As such, we have recently standardised our list of keywords, used by us to help identify appropriate peer reviewers by matching manuscript keywords with reviewer keywords. At present, we ask our author's to provide up to ten keywords, taken from those recommended by the US National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) browser list at https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/.By using keywords effectively, an author can enhance the chances of potential readers finding their article. It is advisable to take some time to consider the most appropriate keywords for their manuscript, prior to submission of a manuscript. In this editorial, the role and importance of keywords in nursing academic papers are explored. Some practical tips and strategies are provided to help authors make the best choice of the most appropriate and effective keywords for their manuscript.
L’efficacité de l’enseignement de la lecture à l’école primaire reste une question vive. Il a été montré que les pratiques scolaires d’acculturation à la lecture ont des effets positifs sur la ...qualité des enseignements. Si ces pratiques scolaires ont commencé à être caractérisées, on ne comprend toutefois pas les mécanismes qui favorisent l’apprentissage des élèves. Cet article s’attache à explorer l’hypothèse selon laquelle elles permettent aux élèves de s’engager dans la lecture notamment pour construire un projet et des habitudes de lecture et ainsi de faire de l’élève un sujet-lecteur. L’étude analyse des écrits d’élèves en école élémentaire qui ont bénéficié durant une année scolaire entière d’un contexte de classe très acculturant à la lecture.
Creating search strategies for systematic reviews, finding the best balance between sensitivity and specificity, and translating search strategies between databases is challenging. Several methods ...describe standards for systematic search strategies, but a consistent approach for creating an exhaustive search strategy has not yet been fully described in enough detail to be fully replicable. The authors have established a method that describes step by step the process of developing a systematic search strategy as needed in the systematic review. This method describes how single-line search strategies can be prepared in a text document by typing search syntax (such as field codes, parentheses, and Boolean operators) before copying and pasting search terms (keywords and free-text synonyms) that are found in the thesaurus. To help ensure term completeness, we developed a novel optimization technique that is mainly based on comparing the results retrieved by thesaurus terms with those retrieved by the free-text search words to identify potentially relevant candidate search terms. Macros in Microsoft Word have been developed to convert syntaxes between databases and interfaces almost automatically. This method helps information specialists in developing librarian-mediated searches for systematic reviews as well as medical and health care practitioners who are searching for evidence to answer clinical questions. The described method can be used to create complex and comprehensive search strategies for different databases and interfaces, such as those that are needed when searching for relevant references for systematic reviews, and will assist both information specialists and practitioners when they are searching the biomedical literature.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Humans have a striking ability to infer meaning from even the sparsest and most abstract forms of narratives. At the same time, flexibility in the form of a narrative is matched by inherent ambiguity ...in its interpretation. How does the brain represent subtle, idiosyncratic differences in the interpretation of abstract and ambiguous narratives? In this fMRI study, subjects were scanned either watching a novel 7-min animation depicting a complex narrative through the movement of geometric shapes, or listening to a narration of the animation's social story. Using an intersubject representational similarity analysis that compared interpretation similarity and neural similarity across subjects, we found that the more similar two people's interpretations of the abstract shapes animation were, the more similar were their neural responses in regions of the default mode network (DMN) and fronto-parietal network. Moreover, these shared responses were modality invariant: the shapes movie and the verbal interpretation of the movie elicited shared responses in linguistic areas and a subset of the DMN when subjects shared interpretations. Together, these results suggest a network of high-level regions that are not only sensitive to subtle individual differences in narrative interpretation during naturalistic conditions, but also resilient to large differences in the modality of the narrative.
•Shared narrative interpretation is correlated with neural similarity in DMN and FCPN.•Neural responses in DMN depend on shared interpretation, not stimulus modality.•Intersubject representation similarity analysis can detect individual differences.
Aims and Objectives:
Spanish subject pronoun expression (SPE) among Bube speakers in Equatorial Guinea has hardly been examined. Thus, the paper aims to (a) examine the SPE rate (b) and the ...linguistic and social predictors of SPE in this variety.
Methodology:
The data for the present study were collected using sociolinguistic interviews. These interviews lasted between 45 minutes and an hour.
Data and analysis:
The audio recordings of 18 bilinguals of Bube and Spanish in Equatorial Guinea were transcribed and analyzed using the Rbrul mixed-effects statistical software.
Findings:
The overt SPE rate of these bilingual speakers is 17.9%. This pronoun rate is one of the lowest ever found among bilinguals. The significant factors are grammatical person and number, ambiguity, the lexical content, and gender. The insignificant predictors were reference, reflexivity, and education.
Originality:
This is the first variationist study on Spanish SPE among Bube speakers in Equatorial Guinea. In this study, switch reference, a usually robust predictor, is insignificant among bilingual speakers.
Significance:
This study expands on the scarce research conducted on Equatoguinean Spanish and opens new avenues for exploration.
Physical objects and virtual information are used as teaching aids in classrooms everywhere, and until recently, merging these two worlds has been difficult at best. Augmented reality offers the ...combination of physical and virtual, drawing on the strengths of each. We consider this technology in the realm of the mathematics classroom, and offer theoretical underpinnings for understanding the benefits and limitations of AR learning experiences. The paper presents a framework for understanding AR learning from three perspectives: physical, cognitive, and contextual. On the physical dimension, we argue that physical manipulation affords natural interactions, thus encouraging the creation of embodied representations for educational concepts. On the cognitive dimension, we discuss how spatiotemporal alignment of information through AR experiences can aid student's symbolic understanding by scaffolding the progression of learning, resulting in improved understanding of abstract concepts. Finally, on the contextual dimension, we argue that AR creates possibilities for collaborative learning around virtual content and in non-traditional environments, ultimately facilitating personally meaningful experiences. In the process of discussing these dimensions, we discuss examples from existing AR applications and provide guidelines for future AR learning experiences, while considering the pragmatic and technological concerns facing the widespread implementation of augmented reality inside and outside the classroom.
► Augmented reality has a great, but relatively unexplored, potential for education. ► Using psychological constructs, we analyze existing systems and suggest guidelines. ► Constructs consider the physical, cognitive and contextual dimensions of learning. ► Guidelines are offered from a psychological view to improve AR in the classroom. ► There are pragmatic and technological concerns facing widespread implementation.
Objective
Lamotrigine is a commonly prescribed antiepileptic drug. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–funded clinical studies have demonstrated bioequivalence (BE) for generic lamotrigine ...immediate‐release (IR) products in epilepsy patients with generic substitution. To address the potential concerns about the risk of generic‐brand substitution of lamotrigine extended‐release (ER) products, considering the complexity of controlled release systems and pharmacokinetic variations associated with possible within‐subject variability (WSV), this prospective study assessed (1) BE of generic and brand lamotrigine ER products in a fully replicated BE study design in healthy subjects and (2) whether such fully replicated study design and WSV data can better support the approval of generic lamotrigine ER products.
Methods
This open‐label, single‐dose, two‐treatment, four‐period, two‐sequence, fully replicated crossover BE study compared generic lamotrigine ER tablet to brand Lamictal XR (200 mg) in 30 healthy subjects under fed conditions. Pharmacokinetics (PK) profiles were generated based on intensive blood sampling up to 144 h.
Results
The two products showed comparable peak plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) from time zero to the last measurable time point (AUC0‐t) and AUC extrapolated to infinity (AUC0‐inf), whereas median time to Cmax (Tmax) values differed, that is, 10 h for generic and 22 h for brand products, respectively. WSVs for PK metrics were small (~8% of Cmax and ~6% of AUC) and similar between these two products. PK simulation predicted equivalent PK measurements of both products at steady state and after brand‐to‐generic switch, except the first day upon switching. No serious adverse events were reported.
Significance
The generic lamotrigine ER tablet product demonstrates BE to the brand product in a fully replicated BE study design with healthy subjects, supporting the adequacy of the two‐way crossover study design to demonstrate BE and generic‐brand substitution of lamotrigine ER products.
This article discusses marginalization of the regression parameters in mixed models for correlated binary outcomes. As is well known, the regression parameters in such models have the ..."subject-specific" (SS) or conditional interpretation, in contrast to the "population-averaged" (PA) or marginal estimates that represent the unconditional covariate effects. We describe an approach using numerical quadrature to obtain PA estimates from their SS counterparts in models with multiple random effects. Standard errors for the PA estimates are derived using the delta method. We illustrate our proposed method using data from a smoking cessation study in which a binary outcome (smoking, Y/N) was measured longitudinally. We compare our estimates to those obtained using GEE and marginalized multilevel models, and present results from a simulation study.
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