Children by Choice? Gembries, Ann-Katrin; Theuke, Theresia; Heinemann, Isabel
2018, 2018-05-22, Letnik:
3
eBook
During the 20th century, medico-technical advances such as the invention of the latex condom (1930), the arrival of the contraceptive pill on the free market (1960/61) and the birth of the first ...child conceived by in vitro fertilization (1978) contributed to the fact that in Europe and the USA, the planning, conceiving and making of children was increasingly perceived as a matter of individual and collective decision-making. Especially since mid-century, these societies underwent profound political, economic and cultural evolutions. In the realm of human reproduction the relationship between the possible, the desirable, and the permitted had to be continually renegotiated. This volume examines in nine chapters how thinking, speaking and acting changed with regards to reproduction and family planning throughout the modern and post-modern period. Applying an international comparative perspective, the study specifically focuses on the role of value changes underlying these transformation processes.
► We explore the merits and weaknesses of between-subjects and within-subjects designs in experimental work. ► We describe experiments in economics and in psychology that make comparisons using ...either of these designs (or both) that sometimes yield the same results and sometimes do not. ► Both have advantages; between-subjects designs are more conservative, but have less power. ► The overall goal is to establish a framework for understanding which critical questions need to be asked about such experimental studies.
In this article we explore the issues that surround within-subject and between-subject designs. We describe experiments in economics and in psychology that make comparisons using either of these designs (or both) that sometimes yield the same results and sometimes do not. The overall goal is to establish a framework for understanding which critical questions need to be asked about such experimental studies, what authors of such studies can do to ameliorate fears of confoundedness, and which scenarios are particularly susceptible to divergent results from the two approaches. Overall, we find that both designs have their merits, and the choice of designs should be carefully considered in the context of the question being studied and in terms of the practical implementation of the research study.
Sahidic is one of the most important Coptic literary dialects. A modern, critical edition of the Sahidic translation of the New Testament has long been missing from the academic field. A research ...project funded by the FWF Austrian Science Fund (P29315) has now made it possible to produce a critical edition of the Sahidic Gospel of John, based on 172 different preserved manuscripts, most of them fragments.
Background Gastric emptying (GE) is measured in pharmacodynamic and diagnostic studies. Our aim was to assess inter‐ and intra‐subject coefficients of variation (COV) of scintigraphic GE ...measurements in healthy subjects, and associations of GE with gender and body mass index (BMI).
Methods Data from participants with scintigraphic measurements of gastric emptying of solids were analyzed. Primary endpoints were gastric emptying T1/2 (GE T1/2) and GE at 1, 2, 3, and 4 h.
Key Results The patient cohort consisted of 105 males and 214 females; at least two studies were performed in 47 subjects 16 males (M), 32 females (F). Inter‐subject COV (COVinter) for GE T1/2 were similar in M and F: overall 24.5% (M 26.0%, F 22.5%); COV are predictably lowest for GE at 4 h (COVinter 9.6%). COVintra for T1/2 and GE at 4 h were overall 23.8% and 12.6%, and were similar to COVinter values. Gender (but not age or BMI) was significantly associated with GE T1/2 P < 0.001, F 127.6 ± 28.7 (SD) min; M 109.9 ± 28.6 min and with GE at 1 h and 2 h. Repeat GE T1/2 values in 47 participants were significantly correlated (r = 0.459, P < 0.001) with median difference of −6 min (mean −1.6, range −56 to 72 min). Bland–Altman plots showed Δ GE T1/2 similarly distributed across mean GE T1/2 100–155 min, and across studies conducted 90–600 days apart.
Conclusions & Inferences Inter‐subject variations in scintigraphic GE results are only slightly higher than the intra‐subject measurements, which are also reproducible over time in healthy volunteers. Gender, but not BMI, is significantly associated with GE results.
The purpose of authority control is to ensure consistency in representing a value - a name of a person, a place name, or a term or code representing a subject - in the elements used as access points ...in information retrieval. The primary purpose of this study is to produce a framework that will provide a clearly stated and commonly shared understanding of what the subject authority data/record/file aims to provide information about, and the expectation of what such data should achieve in terms of answering user needs.Athena Salaba and Marcia Lei Zeng, Kent State University, Kent, USA and Maja ?umer, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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