Notes on Papyri Litinas, Nikos; van Minnen, Peter; Worp, K.A.
The Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists,
01/2014, Letnik:
51
Journal Article
This article analyzes Nepali student activists' resistance and resilience as strategies that foreground their aspirations within existing political constructs. While they may enter into party ...politics through student organizations, they downplay their roles as political party foot soldiers. By focusing on their creative strategies and coping mechanisms during the political movement that ousted the monarchy in 2006, I highlight the nature of hope in youth political action through a common phrase they use: "Let's see what happens." Using the concept of "subjunctive instrumentality" and ethnographic engagement, I analyze students' internal micro-politics alongside public protests to demonstrate how they interweave the categories of idealism and opportunism, simultaneously inhabiting both in a way that makes politics personal and the personal political. These student activists' "not-yet" orientation, in which they mobilize political, temporal, and symbolic contingencies, provides alternative templates for the present and visions for the future.
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Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The inflectional systems of the central-and-southern Italo-Romance dialects show a series of instances of formal neutralisations of the Tense-Aspect-Mood oppositions involving the "passato remoto, ...the imperfect indicative, the imperfect subjunctive, and the conditional. Such syncretism patterns typically (and often exclusively) involve the paradigm cells of the first and second person plural; moreover, they are so multiform (with respect to the couples or triples of TAM values involved in the different instances) that they cannot be adequately described in terms of morphosyntactic properties. These facts indicate that the phenomena in question can be considered as examples of "compensatory" syncretism, which, in turn, is interpretable as a consequence of a cross-linguistic tendency to avoid morphs uniquely associated with significantly rare paradigm cells. This interpretation is corroborated by the fact that, in other paradigms observable in the same Romance subgroup, the absence of some TAM neutralisations is often accompanied by the presence of "semi-separate" exponents, i.e. complex, segmentable endings, precisely in correspondence with the 1st and 2nd plural cells. In sum, the observed phenomena fit well into the framework of the hypothesis of a general tendency to reduce disequilibria in the frequency distribution of morphological exponents.
The paper deals with the development in the usage of verbal moods following verba opinandi in preclassicaland classical French. An evident change in mood usage following these verbs had takenplace in ...the 17th century, namely a decline of the subjunctive in favour of the indicative, which becamethe norm in affirmative sentences by the end of the century. The aim was to verify theoreticalinformation from old and historical grammars on the evidence of authentic texts in FRANTEXT, a setof French diachronic corpora. This research enabled the derivation of statistics to identify a turningpoint in the development, which appears to be around the year 1640. It also revealed distinctionsbetween different sentence types in respect of the indicative/subjunctive ratio. Whereas affirmativesentences tend towards the indicative as the only possible mode, the subjunctive is retained innegations, questions and conditionals, since these sentence types exhibit a more negative epistemicmodality, typically expressed with the subjunctive.
Cet article traite la question du choix du mode, indicatif ou du subjonctif, dans les complétives objet en français. Une attention particulière est portée sur les verbes recteurs, la négation, ...l’interrogation, l’impératif, la subordination hypothétique … Nous montrons que les hypothèses actuelles sur la signification des modes conduisent à des prédictions fausses, et sont donc réfutées. Dans le cadre de la Théorie Modulaire des Modalités (Gosselin 2010), nous proposons une explication nouvelle en termes de convergence / divergence entre les contraintes sur la modalité, associées aux modes, aux verbes, à la négation, à l’interrogation, etc. Cette explication est fondée sur la thèse selon laquelle les modes n’expriment pas la modalité, mais seulement des contraintes sur la modalité (au sens large).This paper deals with the problem of the choice of the mood, indicative or subjunctive, in complement clauses in French. It focuses on the role of verbs, negation, interrogation, imperative, hypothetical subordination … We show that current hypotheses on significations of moods lead to false prediction, and must be rejected. In the framework of the Modular Theory of Modalities (Gosselin 2010), we propose a new explanation in terms of convergence / divergence between constraints on modality, triggered by moods, verbs, negation, interrogation, etc. This explanation is grounded on the assumption that moods do not express modality, but only constraints on modality (taken in a wide sense).
This paper proposes a diachronic analysis of the origin of the unusual alignment found in Formosan and Philippine languages commonly referred to as a ‘focus’ or ‘voice’ system. Specifically, I ...propose that Proto-Austronesian (PAn) was an accusative language, an alignment which is preserved in modern Rukai dialects, while the non-accusative alignment found in other Austronesian languages resulted first from the reanalysis of irrealis clause types in a daughter of PAn, which I term ‘Proto-Ergative Austronesian’ (PEAn). Modern Rukai dialects belong to the other primary subgroup and do not reflect the innovation. The main theoretical claim of the proposal is that ergative alignment arises from an accusative system when v is unable to structurally license the object in a transitive clause, and the subject does not value case with T. Since the external argument is licensed independently, T is able to probe past it and exceptionally value nominative case on the object. I propose that irrealis v, which is frequently detransitivized cross-linguistically, was likewise unable to license structural accusative case on an object in PAn and PEAn. Objects in irrealis clauses in PAn were case-marked with a preposition, but this preposition was incorporated to the verb in PEAn. This resulted in the emergence of ergative alignment in irrealis clauses in PEAn, because incorporation of the preposition deprived the object of its case licenser and forced it to be dependent on T for case. The embedded irrealis clause type, which I take to be a kind of subjunctive, was later reanalyzed as the basic transitive clause type in Puyuma and Tsou.
This study considers the use of the subjunctive in universal conditional concession (UCC) clauses of the type Kto by ni prishel, vsekh puskali ('Whoever would come was admitted'). In these contexts, ...the use of the subjunctive cannot be explained by the irrealis component of its semantics, because it can be substituted with the indicative and apparently introduces real situations. A corpus analysis of this type of subordinate clauses suggests that here the subjunctive designates non-referential, habitual situations. The claim is supported by the evidence from the choice of aspect - in indicative UCC clauses, the predicate cannot be perfective whereas the use of the subjunctive removes this constraint.
A thought expressed in the optative has been replaced by a representation in the present tense.
-Sigmund Freud
Subjunctive
Allow for a problem within contemporary art, a problem concerning emptiness. ...After experiencing and writing on installations that, say, immersed me in cave systems, faux-hospitals, or forests, after navigating landscapes of fur or video labyrinths, I found myself, often, elsewhere.
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Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
Conceptual replication within a computer-assisted language learning (CALL) environment provides an understanding of the generalizability of second language acquisition (SLA) research (Porte, 2013; ...Smith & Schulze, 2013). The present study replicates Collentine (1998a), a classroom-based experiment framed within a larger discussion on the relative benefits of input- and output-based instruction. Collentine (1998a) compared the benefits of Processing Instruction (VanPatten, 2004) and output-based instruction, both of which elevated the Spanish subjunctive's communicative value. The results showed that input- or output-oriented instruction informed by how learners process grammatical information can affect the acquisition of complex grammatical phenomena. This conceptual replication not only seeks to corroborate the original study's findings in a new learning context. It also tests the finding's generalizability to a tutorial CALL environment built on 3D simulations and emerging web-app technologies. The participants were foreign-language learners of Spanish in a classroom-based curriculum (N = 50). The results indicate that, in the classroom and in a CALL environment, both input- and output-oriented approaches can promote the acquisition of a complex grammatical structure if practice is meaningful (informed by psycholinguistic processing principles) and deliberate, and if feedback is provided.
This paper analyzes the possibilities of empathic experience created by Jessica Anthony and Rodrigo Corral's book and iPad app Chopsticks (2012), using as a theoretical framework Marshall McLuhan's ...theories concerning "hot" and "cool" media in Understanding Media and the significance of changing "sense ratios" created by the extension of new technologies "into the social world," as he first posited in The Gutenberg Galaxy. Exploring the tension between my own textual analysis and the affective responses reported by youth interpreters and by Goodreads reviewers, I explore how Chopsticks invites readers to enter "the multimodal subjunctive" (Mackey, 2008, 2011), compelling consideration of our senses and emotions in interactive meaning-making processes. Inspired by Jenkin's theories concerning transmedia storytelling, I propose the term "trans-sensory storytelling" as a means for theorizing the meaning-making possibilities of changing sense ratios when an app's engagement with touch and sound extends the visuality of a book. I argue that investigation into this process might help counter moral panics based on implicit assumptions about a projected future dystopia in which the disappearance of childhood, the book, and the human capacity for empathy are all falsely connected.
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