Thèse dirigée par Judith Lyon-Caen (EHESS-CRH) et Myriam Boucharenc (Université Paris Nanterre), soutenue devant un jury composé de : Emmanuel Bellanger (CNRS), Marie-Ange Fougère (Université de ...Bourgogne), Dinah Ribard (EHESS) et Régis Tettamanzi (Université de Nantes). Résumé : La figuration textuelle de la banlieue parisienne est généralement associée à la noirceur des paysages industriels et à la misère sociale, un univers littéraire au sein duquel Voyage au bout de la nuit (1932) de Loui...
The suburbanization of poverty has been a concerning trend in many urban regions. While research has described patterns of suburbanization of poverty at regional and neighbourhood levels, there are ...open questions about how lower-income households have agglomerated in the suburbs in recent history. Is suburban poverty primarily a result of 1) the movement of low-income residents from central to suburban neighbourhoods (e.g., via processes of gentrification and displacement), 2) migration between Census Metropolitan Areas and the immigration of low-income groups to suburbs, or 3) becoming and remaining poor while staying in the suburbs? The objective of this paper is to describe and quantify the propensity of these predominant individual geographic pathways to suburban poverty. We do so via a cluster analysis of census and land use data to define neighbourhoods as either central or suburban, and then link this categorization to a large-scale panel dataset representing 20 % of tax filers in Canada (from 2006 to 2016). These data allow for analyzing different pathways within the context of large Canadian metropolitan areas, specifically to what extent poverty in suburban neighbourhoods stems from intra-urban residential mobility, immigration, and becoming poor in-place. We find that becoming and remaining poor while staying in the suburbs encompasses a greater proportion of suburban poverty than immigration and centre-to-suburb residential mobility combined. Overall, this research expands our understanding of the sources of suburban poverty while also providing pertinent information to aid preventative policy aimed at reducing suburban poverty in Canada.
•The largest source of suburban poverty in Canada is from getting poor in place.•Immigrants to Canada face the highest risk of becoming part of the suburban poor.•Migration from more accessible parts of the city represents a small share of suburban poverty growth.
This paper analyzes the technical and economic feasibility of a hybrid wind/diesel/battery power system with different types of batteries for a small residential area encompassing 280 homes located ...in the suburbs of Lanzhou, Gansu province in China. The optimal allocation, economic, emissions, electricity output, and sensitivity analyses of the relevant hybrid systems are all analyzed by HOMER Pro software. Results indicate that the optimal hybrid energy system is the diesel generator (DG)/Zinc–Bromine (ZB) system, which contains a 1460 kW DG, 500 ZB flow batteries, and a 400 kW converter. This configuration corresponds to an initial capital of $1,170,200, an operating cost of $507,866/yr, a total net present cost (NPC) of $ 7,735,646, and a levelized cost of energy (COE) of $0.471/kWh. The DG/ZB system provides the lowest NPC and COE compared to a DG system, while the wind/lead-acid (LA) system has the highest NPC and COE owing to the high wind turbine costs. Furthermore, it is found that the DG/lithium-ion (LI) is the most environment friendly system compared to DG/ZB and DG/LA systems. It is also found that selecting the suitable wind turbine can improve the comprehensive performance of the hybrid power system in terms of technology, economy, and environment.
•A techno-economic assessment of a wind/diesel/battery system is performed.•The optimal hybrid energy system is the DG/ZB system.•The cost of the DG is the dominant cost among the DG/battery systems.•The DG/LI system is the most environment friendly compared to DG/ZB and DG/LA.•Selecting the suitable wind turbine can improve the performance of hybrid system.
The notion of an urban-suburban dichotomy is deep-rooted in the literature, which regularly denigrates suburbs and nostalgically g lorifies urban centres. Meanwhile, suburbs have continued to ...dominate the urbanization process in many regions. This paper does not reject suburbs as an undesirable phenomenon but instead investigates how suburbs can be improved. Taking Abu Dhabi and Dubai as case studies, the article studies the connectivity efficiency of 32 suburban samples. Results reveal that not all suburbs have inefficient connectivity, but there is a room for improvement. Reclaiming alleys could enhance connectivity by 31% in some areas.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
46.
Intimate war Pain, Rachel
Political geography,
January 2015, 2015-01-00, 20150101, Letnik:
44
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Contending that domestic violence and modern international warfare are part of a single complex of violence, this paper identifies their shared intimate dynamics. Both violences operate through ...emotional and psychological registers that are as central to their effectiveness as incidents of direct physical harm. While these dynamics are intimate, they are present across scale, and read here through a feminist lens on intimacy-geopolitics where neither framing has primacy. Research on the connections between domestic violence and international warfare is longstanding, most recently highlighting how intimate violence is produced within warzones. The analysis here begins instead from intimate dynamics, to draw out the warlike nature of domestic violence in peacetime. Tactics of modern warfare are juxtaposed with the dynamics of domestic violence in suburban Scottish homes: shock and awe, hearts and minds, cultural and psychological occupation, just war and collateral damage. Resisting the temptation to regard domestic violence as everyday militarism, the relation is rotated: both violences continuously wind through the intimate-geopolitical. This spatial reconfiguration is structured by gender, race, class, nation and citizenship, resulting in uneven impacts from all kinds of intimate war. The interweaving of military and intimate themes is intended as a casting-off point for progressing political geographies that are attentive to intimacy as foundational in the workings of power across scale.
The future of suburbs is a debated issue. This paper discusses the questions of care during suburban regeneration in the Nordic context, with an emphasis on shared spaces. The empirical research was ...conducted in the suburban housing estate of Kontula, in Helsinki, Finland. Theoretically, the study is based on the geographies of care and responsibility together with the ethics of care that is interpreted from a spatial perspective. The questions addressed are how (or if) care for shared spaces manifests in suburban strategies, plans, and regeneration projects, and how these caring notions relate to the views of the suburban care-givers interviewed in the study. As a result, the concept of the suburban ethics of care is proposed to describe how suburbs and their changing environments can be approached in a caring manner. The discussion indicates how the suburban ethics of care is a normative, relational, processual, spatial, and political concept and practice.
•Care should be part of the transformation and planning of suburban shared spaces.•The suburban ethics of care notes how suburbs can be approached in a caring manner.•The suburban ethics of care is a normative, relational, processual, spatial and political concept and practice.
This article documents a new macro-segregation, where the locus of racial differentiation resides increasingly in socio-spatial processes at the community or place level. The goal is to broaden the ...spatial lens for studying segregation, using decennial Census data on 222 metropolitan areas. Unlike previous neighborhood studies of racial change, we decompose metropolitan segregation into its within- and between-place components from 1990 to 2010. This is accomplished with the Theil index (H). Our decomposition of H reveals large post-1990 declines in metropolitan segregation. But, significantly, macro-segregation—the between-place component—has increased since 1990, offsetting declines in the within-place component. The macro component of segregation is also most pronounced and increasing most rapidly among blacks, accounting for roughly one-half of all metro segregation in the most segregated metropolitan areas of the United States. Macro-segregation is least evident among Asians, which suggests other members of these communities (i.e., middle-class or affluent ethnoburbs) have less resistance to Asians relocating there. These results on emerging patterns of macro-segregation are confirmed in fixed-effects models that control for unobserved heterogeneity across metropolitan areas. Unlike most previous studies focused on the uneven distribution of racial and ethnic groups across metropolitan neighborhoods, we show that racial residential segregation is increasingly shaped by the cities and suburban communities in which neighborhoods are embedded.
Dockless bike-sharing is emerging as a convenient transfer mode for metros. The riding distances of bike-sharing to or from metro stations are defined as transfer distances between dockless ...bike-sharing systems and metros, which determine the service coverages of metro stations. However, the transfer distances have rarely been studied and they may vary from station to station. Therefore, this study aims to explore the influencing factors and spatial variations of transfer distances between dockless bike-sharing systems and metros. First, a catchment method was proposed to identify bike-sharing transfer trips. Then, the Mobike trip data, metro smartcard data, and built environment data in Shanghai were utilized to calculate the transfer distances and travel-related and built environment variables. Next, a multicollinearity test, stepwise regression, and spatial autocorrelation test were conducted to select the best explanatory variables. Finally, a geographically weighted regression model was adopted to examine the spatially varying relationships between the 85th percentile transfer distances and selected explanatory variables at different metro stations. The results show that the transfer distances are correlated with the daily metro ridership, daily bike-sharing ridership, population density, parking lot density, footway density, percentage of tourism attraction, distance from CBD, and bus stop density around metro stations. Besides, the effects of the explanatory variables on transfer distances vary across space. Generally, most variables have greater effects on transfer distances in the city suburbs. This study can help governments and operators expand the service coverage of metro stations and facilitate the integration of dockless bike-sharing and metros.
•The transfer distances between bike-sharing systems and metros vary across space.•The transfer distances are correlated with travel and built environment factors.•The effects of the explanatory variables on transfer distances also vary by space.•Most variables have greater effects on transfer distances in the city suburbs.
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•We analyzed the farmland fragmentation in a developed area with rapid urbanization of China.•The theories of ecology were cited to the driving forces analysis.•We analyzed the ...driving forces from multiple scales and different spatial angles.•Policy is the key factor to prevent farmland loss and fragmentation.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of farmland loss and fragmentation and to explore factors that may influence that loss and fragmentation. The study examined changes to farmland in a context of rapid urbanization in Changzhou City, China. It also examined farmland changes in the suburban areas outside the city and in the exurban regions. Time series data from 2004 to 2011 were used to conduct spatial analysis using landscape indices and to perform a redundancy analysis. The results found that farmland was steadily declining during the study period. Farmland also became increasingly fragmented and it moved from low elevation and a gentle slope terrain to higher elevation and a steep slope terrain while its center of gravity generally moved northward. China’s farmland protection policy, agricultural production level, and terrain conditions contributed most to farmland loss and fragmentation in the city. Farmland loss and fragmentation in the suburbs and exurbs were influenced mostly by prime farmland area, total population, and per capita net income of rural residents. To control farmland loss and fragmentation, laws regarding its conversion to built-up environments should be enforced. China’s overall land-use plan and laws of farmland protection are presently the best ways to effectively protect farmland loss and fragmentation.
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