•Sunflower oil was enriched with curcuminoids.•Curcuminoid-enriched oil was gelled with different gelators.•Obtained oleogels differed for rheological properties and firmness.•Lypolysis kinetic ...during in vitro digestion was affected by gel structure.•The type of gelator, instead of gel strength, affected curcuminoid bioaccessibility.
Sunflower oil enriched with curcuminoid compounds (CUs) was gelled by adding 5% (w/w) saturated monoglycerides (MG), rice bran waxes (RW) or a mixture of β-sitosterol and γ-oryzanol (PS). The resulting oleogels differed for rheological properties and firmness due to the difference in gel network structure. PS oleogel was the firmest sample followed by RW and MG ones. Upon in vitro digestion, fatty acid release as a function of digestion time was greatly affected by oleogel structure: the extent of lipolysis decreased as oleogel strength increased (PS < RW < MG). On the other hand, the nature of the oleogelator affected CUs bioaccessibility, which was lower in oleogels containing crystalline particles (MG and RW). These findings appear interesting in the attempt to develop oleogels able to control lipid digestion as well as to deliver bioactive molecules in food systems.
Vegetable oils (VOs), being our major dietary fat source, play a vital role in nourishment. Different VOs have highly contrasting fatty acid (FA) profiles and hence possess varying levels of health ...protectiveness. Consumption of a single VO cannot meet the recommended allowances of various FA either from saturated FA (SFA), monounsaturated FA (MUFA), polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), Ω-3 PUFAs, and medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs). Coconut oil (CO), flaxseed oil (FO), olive oil (OO), and sunflower oil (SFO) are among the top listed contrast VOs that are highly appreciated based on their rich contents of SFAs, Ω-3 PUFAs, MUFAs, and Ω-6 PUFA, respectively. Besides being protective against various disease biomarkers, these contrasting VOs are still inappropriate when consumed alone in 100% of daily fat recommendations. This review compiles the available data on blending of such contrasting VOs into single tailored blended oil (BO) with suitable FA composition to meet the recommended levels of SFA, MUFA, PUFA, MCTs, and Ω-3 to Ω-6 PUFA ratios which could ultimately serve as a cost-effective dietary intervention towards the health protectiveness and improvement of the whole population in general. The blending of any two or more VOs from CO, FO, OO, and SFO in the form of binary, ternary, or another type of blending was found to be very conclusive towards balancing FA composition; enhancing physiochemical and stability properties; and promising the therapeutic protectiveness of the resultant BOs.
This study assessed the effects of different levels of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) meal (MTM) on egg quality traits, oxidative stability, blood biochemical parameters and liver health indices in ...laying hens receiving diets supplemented with lipid from different sources. For this purpose, Leghorn laying hens (Hy‐Line W‐36) were randomly assigned to 12 experimental treatments with eight replicates of five birds each. Dietary treatments consisted of four dietary fat sources (fish oil, sunflower oil, poultry oil and fat powder, each with different fatty acid profiles) and three levels of MTM (0.0, 15 and 30 g/kg) offered through 10 days of adaptation and 70 days of main recording. Results showed that dietary inclusion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including fish or sunflower oils, reduced serum cholesterol content but increased blood malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (p < 0.05). While fish oil improved the yolk colour index and Haugh unit (p < 0.05), it decreased yolk cholesterol concentration (p < 0.01). The highest hepatic glycogen content and tissue integrity as well as the lowest liver lipid percentage and MDA content were observed in birds fed diets supplemented with poultry oil. On the other hand, feeding 30 g/kg of MTM reduced not only hepatic lipid percentage but also aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities (p < 0.01), while it improved eggshell strength and thickness (p < 0.05). Supplementation of fat powder enhanced hepatic C16:0 content, while addition of poultry, sunflower or fish oil increased C18:1, C18:2 or C20:5 concentrations respectively (p < 0.01); nonetheless, feeding the highest level of MTM reduced hepatic ΣSFA but increased Σn‐3 fatty acids (p < 0.01). The interaction effects indicated that fish or sunflower oil supplementation increased the MTM level required to reduce not only serum or egg cholesterol concentrations (p < 0.05) but also blood or hepatic MDA content (p < 0.01). It was concluded that fish oil and MTM (30 g/kg) supplements might improve internal egg quality traits and eggshell quality respectively. The hepatic fatty acid profile was also found strongly correlated with dietary fatty acids. Finally, the best hepatic health indices and the highest oxidative stability were achieved when the birds were fed diets supplemented with poultry oil and 30 g/kg of MTM.
The feasibility study of utilizing sunflower oil as renewable biomass source to develop highly effective inhibitors for mild steel corrosion (MS) in the 15% HCl medium was done by weight loss, ...potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), supported with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) techniques. Moreover, a complementary theoretical investigation was carried out to clarify the inhibition mechanism of inhibitors by density functional theory (DFT), density functional based tight-binding (DFTB), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approaches. The obtained results confirm that sunflower-oil-based corrosion inhibitor (SFOCI) has a significant anticorrosion property toward the dissolution of MS in 15% HCl solution in the temperature range 20–80 °C. In addition, the results show that SFOCI could provide an inhibition efficiency of 98 and 93% at 60 and 80 °C, respectively. The inhibition mechanism of SFOCIs was mixed-type and their adsorption on the surface of MS was mainly chemisorption. The FESEM and EDX studies proved the presence of SFOCI molecules on the surface of MS. In addition, the adsorption energy of SFOCI indicated an intense interaction between the inhibitor and surface of Fe. The results of this study could open a new window for the design and development of scalable and effective eco-friendly vegetable-oil-based corrosion inhibitors for highly corrosive solutions at high temperatures.
Oil oxidation is important in terms of taste, nutritive component quality and toxic effect of the oil. In this study, the oxidized sunflower oil was used along with chia seed in rabbits for the ...determination of its effects on various hematological and serum biochemical parameters as well as on liver histopathology. Three rabbits were fed with oxidized oil (obtained by heating) at the dose rate of 2 ml/kg body weight by mixing it with green fodder. The other rabbit groups were fed with Chia seed at dose rate of 1, 2 and 3 g/kg along with oxidized sunflower oil. Chia seed was fed alone to three rabbits at the dose rate of 2 g/kg body weight. All rabbits were fed regularly for twenty-one days. For the determination of hematological and biochemical parameters, whole blood and serum samples were collected on different days during feeding period. For histopathology, liver samples were used. Significant changes (p<0.05) were noted in the hematology and biochemical indices in the rabbits that were fed with oxidized sunflower oil alone, and along with different doses of Chia seed. In a dose-dependent manner, all these parameters were significantly improved (p<0.05), when the amount of Chia seed was increased. The biochemical and hematological indices were in normal range in the group fed only with Chia seed. In oxidized oil fed group, liver histopathological analysis showed that cholestasis was present at both sides (bile pigment secretion) and zone 3 necrosis with mild inflammatory cells. Mild vacuolization of hepatocytes was also observed. In Chia seed fed group, hepatocyte vacuolization and mild necrosis was noted. It was concluded that oxidized sunflower oil alters the biochemical and hematological parameters and causes liver abnormalities. Chia seeds act as an antioxidant and retrieve those alterations.
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•Non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) are prepared from cyclic carbonate by reaction of it with amine.•The NIPU prepared at stoichiometric ratio exhibit good result than others.•The ...NIPU based on IPDA showed better physico-chemical properties than EDA and DETA.•The polymers exhibit suitable polymeric characteristics for coating purpose.
Bio-based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes (NIPUs) were synthesized by bulk polyaddition of diamine with carbonated sunflower oil (CSFO). Carbonated vegetable oils were obtained by solvent-free mixture reaction of CO2 with epoxidized sunflower oil under the conditions (120 °C, 50 bar) and characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. Finally, the effect of the amine structure as well as CSFO/amine molar ratio (1:0.75, 1:1 and 1:2) on mechanical, and chemical properties NIPU’s were studied by using curing agents EDA (1,2-ethylenediamine), DETA (Diethyltriamine) and IPDA (Isophorone diamine). Except for IPDA based NIPU, it was seen that along with urethane formation, the amine group also reacted with ester groups to form amides. IPDA and EDA showed good thermal, mechanical, chemical and anticorrosive properties. Furthermore, DETA based NIPU displayed high elongation at break. These results highlight the potentiality of this environmentally friendly approach to prepare renewable NIPU materials for surface coatings purpose.
This study evaluates the antioxidant activity of cannabidiol (CBD), added to model systems of refined olive (ROO) and sunflower (SO) oils, by measuring the peroxide value, oxidative stability index ...(OSI), electron spin resonance (ESR) forced oxidation, and DPPH
assays. Free acidity, a parameter of hydrolytic rancidity, was also examined. CBD was compared using the same analytical scheme with α-tocopherol. CBD, compared to α-tocopherol, showed a higher scavenging capacity, measured by DPPH
assay, but not better oxidative stability (OSI) of the oily systems considered. In particular, α-tocopherol (0.5%) showed an antioxidant activity only in SO, registered by an increase of more than 30% of the OSI (from 4.15 ± 0.07 to 6.28 ± 0.11 h). By ESR-forced oxidation assay, the concentration of free radicals (μM) in ROO decreased from 83.33 ± 4.56 to 11.23 ± 0.28 and in SO from 19.21 ± 1.39 to 6.90 ± 0.53 by adding 0.5% α-tocopherol. On the contrary, the addition of 0.5% CBD caused a worsening of the oxidative stability of ROO (from 23.58 ± 0.32 to 17.28 ± 0.18 h) and SO (from 4.93 ± 0.04 to 3.98 ± 0.04 h). Furthermore, 0.5% of CBD did not lower dramatically the concentration of free radicals (μM) as for α-tocopherol, which passed from 76.94 ± 9.04 to 72.25 ± 4.13 in ROO and from 17.91 ± 0.95 to 16.84 ± 0.25 in SO.
The present study aims to investigate the impact of ultrasonic treatment on the emulsifying property and emulsion stability of an emulsion system stabilized with soybean protein isolate (SPI) and ...lecithin. Ultrasonic parameters used were ultrasonic powers of 150, 300, and 450 W and ultrasonic durations of 12 and 24 min. Emulsifying properties of emulsions were all improved with different extents after ultrasonic treatments. The emulsion treated at 150 W & 24 min showing the best emulsifying property and emulsion stability than the rest. However, the higher ultrasonic power of 450 W gave negative effects on emulsion stability, with increased particle size and decreased absolute ζ-potential values due to protein aggregation. Prolonged ultrasonic duration from 12 to 24 min resulted in a more stable emulsion under the ultrasonic power of 150 W. However, for ultrasonic powers of 300 and 450 W, the additional ultrasonic energy from prolonging ultrasonic duration from 12 to 24 min generated negative effects to emulsion stability.
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•Emulsion was reconstituted using soybean protein isolate (SPI) and lecithin.•Ultrasonic treatment enhanced the stability of the reconstituted emulsion.•Excess ultrasonic treatment caused the reduction of emulsion stability.•Ultrasonic treatment led to the exposure of hydrophobic regions in soy protein.•Protein aggregation was suspected to cause the reduced emulsion stability.
•Significant formation of secondary oxidation products over IP at high temperature.•Higher antioxidant efficiency of GA and MG than TBHQ in inhibiting total oxidation.•Higher activity of GA than MG ...due to more molecular mobility and surface activity.•A best antioxidant synergy between MG and GA at a weight ratio of 75 to 25.
Lipid peroxidation and polar compounds formation in sunflower oil triacylglycerols at 120°C were investigated in the presence of gallic acid (GA), methyl gallate (MG), MG/GA combinations (75:25, 50:50, and 25:75), and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). Hydroperoxide-based kinetic parameters (IP, induction period, min; ki, rate constant during IP, meq/kgmin) of control sample (38.0; 2.0346) were considerably improved by TBHQ (201.1; 0.0267), followed by GA (163.8; 0.0837), MG (151.2; 0.0983), and the combinations (∼184.4; ∼0.0861) with an average synergy of 18.6%. Regarding the polar compounds inhibition, the best antioxidant performance (the ratio of IP to oxidized triacylglycerol monomers at IP, min/%; time reaching 10% of triacylglycerol dimers and polymers, min) in general belonged to MG/GA 75:25 (42.4; 263.0), GA (43.2; 249.9), MG (38.0; 237.5), and TBHQ (17.7; 214.4), respectively. The kinetic parameters based on the formation of polar compounds than hydroperoxides provided more reliable results to evaluate antioxidant potency at high temperature.
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