Background
There is speculation that some environmental factors may be impacting the increasing incidence of frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA). In a recent publication, sensitisation to benzyl ...salicylate was shown to be prevalent among 36 patients with FFA. Ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS), a light stabiliser, ultraviolet (UV) B absorber and UV filter, frequently found in photoprotectors/cosmetics and, rarely reported as a sensitiser, was not patch tested in said research.
Methods
From January 2021 to February 2022, 33 patients with FFA were patch‐tested with the European Photopatch Series, including EHS 10% pet. in two hospitals. In addition, we conducted a literature review and a market survey.
Results
Patch test reactions to EHS were identified in 9 of 33 (27.3%). Four of nine also reacted to their personal sunscreens (containing EHS). All involved women with a mean age of 54 (30–65). Five patients had been diagnosed with FFA before the patch tests; and, four were diagnosed with FFA during the patch test investigations.
Conclusion
Sensitisation to EHS was frequently found in a selected population of patients with FFA. We propose to expand the spectrum of contact allergens described in patients with FFA to include EHS and discuss the possible need for optimization of the patch test preparation.
Ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS), a light stabiliser, ultraviolet B absorber and ultraviolet filter, was patch‐tested in 33 women with frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA). Positive reactions involved 9 of 33 (27.3%). Four also reacted to their sunscreens. We propose to expand the allergen spectrum described in FFA (to include EHS) and to optimise the patch test preparation.
Background
As several reports have raised a variety of environmental, health, and safety issues related to ultraviolet (UV) filters, it is crucial to understand the trends in the exposure of the ...population to UV filters.
Objective
To determine the frequency of UV filter usage in sunscreens and other cosmetic products in Thai market.
Methods
We surveyed the UV filter labelling on sunscreens and cosmetic products sold in the Thai market. In all, 312 sunscreens and 1350 other cosmetic products were investigated.
Results
Titanium dioxide was the most frequently used UV filter in both sunscreens (66.7%) and other cosmetic products (68.4%). Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate was the most common organic UVB filter, whereas butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane was the most common organic UVA filter. In sunscreens aimed at children, bis‐ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine was the most commonly used UV filter. The most frequent co‐occurrence of UV filters was titanium dioxide and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate.
Conclusions
Titanium dioxide was the most commonly used UV filter, which differs from the findings of previous surveys. Knowing the availability and frequency of each UV filter provides valuable information about consumer exposure levels, facilitates refinements of the allergen series in patch testing, and enhances the monitoring of adverse effects of UV filters.
Sunscreens and photoprotection tools along with consumer habits and behaviors, can mitigate the skin damage caused by excessive solar radiation. For example, protecting oneself in the shade, avoiding ...inadequate sun exposure at times of higher incidence of UVB radiation (between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.), wearing clothes with sun protection factors, applying sunscreens at the correct amounts and intervals, and wearing glasses with anti-UVA and UVB lenses are effective measures for protecting an individual. Therefore, the objective of this review was to highlight the importance of photoprotection for all skin phototypes, as skin cancer is a worldwide public health problem. In this review of the scientific literature on the Scopus platform between 2015 and 2022, we addressed the most common behaviors among different individuals and their phototypes, the importance of clarifying population habits against solar radiation, and the use of sunscreens and photoprotection tools to provide advice on healthy and safe sun exposure.
Although solar exposure is necessary for human health, phototoxicology induced by excessive UVB and UVA radiation, which involves sunburns, skin aging and even tumorigenesis, has been widely ...researched. Sunscreen is one of the most important ways to protect skin from UV phototoxic damage. As well as inorganic and organic UV filters, some natural products or plant extracts with aromatic rings in their structures, such as flavonoids or polyphenols, can absorb UV to reduce sunburn, acting as a natural UV filter; they also show antioxidant or/and anti‐inflammatory activity. This could explain why, although there are no officially approval natural commercial sun‐filters, more and more commercial sunscreen products containing plant extracts are available on the market. Here we summarize articles focusing on natural UV filters from plant published in the last 6 years, selecting the most significant data in order to better understand the photoprotective activity of natural products and extracts from plants, including their major constituents and main biological effects, methods for evaluating UV radiation resistance, anti‐UV radiation experimental models and anti‐UV radiation mechanisms.
It summarized natural UV filters from plant in the last 6 years in types of major constituent, main biological effects, evaluation methods of UV radiation resistance, anti‐UV radiation experiment models and anti‐UV radiation mechanisms, in order to better understand the role of herbal extracts in exerting their photo protective activity.
•Sunscreens may be absorbed by a human body via different routes.•RP-18 TLC is a source of information on sunscreens’ pharmacokinetic properties.•Single chromatographic run TLC yields useful ...chromatographic descriptors.•Polar Surface Area influences the pharmacokinetic properties of sunscreens.
RP-18 TLC chromatography was used to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties (volume of distribution, VD; plasma protein binding, %PPB; the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier expressed as log PS and log BB) of several cosmetic raw materials – sunscreen and preservatives. The majority of these compounds are intended for topical use on skin and their drug-likeness and the ability to cross biological barriers are undesired. The retention parameters RM0, S, PC1 and RM75 % obtained for mobile phases containing six organic modifiers (methanol, acetonitrile, THF, acetone, dioxane, DMF) were used as the sole descriptors or combined with calculated physicochemical properties (PSA, MW, VM) of studied compounds.
The chromatographic parameters considered in this study are, generally speaking, good predictors of the compounds’ pharmacokinetic properties VD, %PPB and log PS. RM75 % and the novel parameters derived from it (RM75 %/MW and RM75 %/VM) can be considered time- and cost-effective alternatives to the chromatographic parameters obtained by extrapolation or interpolation methods. In the case of some pharmacokinetic properties investigated in this study additional descriptors (PSA) have a significant influence on the quality of correlations.
This research was carried out in order to assess a baseline occurrence in Biscayne National Park, Florida, of four organic contaminants: the UV filters oxybenzone, dioxybenzone, and benzophenone, as ...well as the topical pain reliever benzocaine. A total of 35 samples were taken from five locations within the park, four near barrier islands, and one at a coral reef. Analyses were carried out using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Oxybenzone was detected in 26% of samples from the park at concentrations up to 31 ng/L. Benzophenone was detected in 49% of samples from the park at concentrations up to 131 ng/L. Benzocaine and dioxybenzone were not detected in any of the samples.
Background/Purpose
Exposure to sunlight has been shown to cause pigmentary alterations, photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. Understanding photoprotective patterns in adolescent populations is ...beneficial to public health initiatives. We utilized data provided by the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment to evaluate photoprotective behaviors among adolescent populations.
Methods
Behavioral questions related to photoprotection were analyzed from the American College Health Association (ACHA) National College Health Assessment (NCHA) (Version III).
Results
When comparing races, Black/African American respondents had the lowest association of practicing photoprotective behaviors in comparison to white respondents (p < .05). When comparing US geographic regions, the south had the lowest association of photoprotective measures (p < .05).
Limitations
The response rate of each institution varied, although there was still a large quantity of respondents. Finally, we cannot discern the specific reasoning for adolescent populations not using sunscreen.
Conclusion
These data identify demographics where efforts to enhance education on photoprotective behaviors, specifically among skin of color and southern population, to support public health initiatives.
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the Earth’s surface is a major societal concern, and therefore, there is a significant consumer demand for cosmetics formulated to mitigate the harmful effects of ...UV radiation. Synthetic sunscreens being formulated to block UV penetration include inorganic metal oxide particles and organic filters. Lately, organic UV-absorbing compounds are manufactured from non-renewable petrochemicals and, as a result, there is a need to develop a sustainable manufacturing process for efficient, high-level production of a naturally occurring group of UV-absorbing compounds, namely mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), for use as a sunscreen additive to skincare products. Currently, the commercial production of MAAs for use in sunscreens is not a viable proposition due to the low yield and the lack of fermentation technology associated with native MAA-producing organisms. This review summarizes the biochemical properties of MAAs, the biosynthetic gene clusters and transcriptional regulations, the associated carbon-flux-driving processes, and the host selection and biosynthetic strategies, with the aim to expand our understanding on engineering suitable cyanobacteria for cost-effective production of natural sunscreens in future practices.
UV filters (UV-Fs) constitute a heterogeneous group of chemicals used as protection against the effects of UV radiation, widely used in all sort of goods and ubiquitous in the environment. The ...presence of these chemicals in fish is a matter of concern, because many UV-Fs display hormonal activity. In this study, muscle, gills, and liver from 11 Mugil liza individuals from the highly urbanized Guanabara Bay (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) were analysed in order to detect eight UV-Fs and metabolites (4-dihydroxybenzophenone BP1 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone BP3, 4-methylbenzylidiene camphor 4MBC, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate EHMC, ethylhexyl dimethyl p-aminobenzoic acid ODPABA, octocrylene OC, 4-hydroxybenzophenone 4HB, and 4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone 4DHB) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Results showed that both target UV-Fs and metabolites were ubiquitous in the analysed tissues. Lower concentrations were observed in muscle and gills (3.07–31.6ngg−1 dry weight (dw)), whereas in liver significant amounts of metabolites (5.47–451ngg−1 dw) were present. With the concentrations determined in the fish, an estimation of the daily intake revealed that consumption of muscle in the diet represent from 0.3 to 15.2ng UV-Fs (kg body weight−1) d−1, higher than those reported in fish for selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
Display omitted
•Residues of 8 UV filters and metabolites were determined in Lebranche mullet.•UV-Fs were ubiquitous and accumulated in liver, muscle, and gills.•Oxybenzone (benzophenone 3) metabolites were retained in fish.•Estimated daily intake of target UV-Fs were high (15–64ng (kg body weight)−1d−1).•The surrounding urbanized area was pointed out as the contamination source.
PDF
