Viral diseases can influence negatively a good evolution of cherry plantations. Two of the viral diseases that attack this species are caused by the ArMV virus, which spreads by multiplying the ...infected propagating material, by seed and nematodes, and by the TBRV virus, which spreads by multiplying the infected material and nematodes. In order to study the incidence of the two viruses, 10 cherry plantations located in the south of the country were evaluated, in the district of Argeș, Dolj, Ialomița, Ilfov, Călărași, Dâmbovița, Buzău. The planting material used to set up the plantations was both from Romania and from an external source: the Netherlands, Greece, Italy. Viral evaluation performed visually and serologically by DAS-ELISA technique, identified viral infections in 2 of the 10 plantations. In one plantation, TBRV was identified in 20% of the tested samples and in the second, ArMV viruses were identified in 20% of the samples and TBRV in 5% of the samples.
•Results confirm the importance of including a DL-term in GDD models.•DL-term in the models did effectively regulate the accumulation of GDD.•Reliable phenology models for current climates can fail ...under changed conditions.•Heated foil tents can be used to simulate plant development for warmer climates.
Six phenological models, two simple forcing (F)-models and one sequential chilling/forcing (CF)-model, each with and without day length (DL)-term in the forcing approach were optimised (2001–2010) and validated (2011–2015) on very accurate blossoming data of an experimental sweet cherry orchard at Berlin-Dahlem (cultivar ‘Summit’). In parallel, in 3 seasons (2011/2012–2013/2014) climate chamber experiments were performed in order to determine the end of dormancy for ‘Summit’, which is usually an unknown or uncertain parameter in phenological modelling. Additionally, in the season 2013/2014 an in situ climate change experiment on three trees in the sweet cherry orchard were arranged, which was used to validate the phenological models for distinctly warmer climate conditions at the experimental site. On the basis of our climate chamber experiments we quantified the chilling requirement of ‘Summit’ trees. Thus, we were able to identify a CF-model for the beginning of sweet cherry blossom which is mostly physiologically based and works well for current and for future climate conditions at the experimental site. This paper also shows how phenological models can fail under warmer climates, if either the model is too simple or the model parameters are wrong. Additional, we confirmed that phenological models with DL-term in the forcing approach clearly surpassed the conventional phenological models without this parameter. The reason for this behaviour is extensively discussed.
•MT delayed senescence and maintained quality of sweet cherries.•MT maintained higher endogenous MT levels.•MT reduced ROS accumulation and inhibited membrane lipid peroxidation.•MT induced ...antioxidant enzymes activities and antioxidant content leading to decrease of oxidative stress.
We assessed the effects of postharvest exogenous melatonin (50,100 and 150 µmol L−1) on the senescence and quality of sweet cherries during storage at 0 ± 0.5 °C. Melatonin treatment decreased decay incidence, respiration rate, and weight loss. It delayed the degradation of firmness, lightness, saturation, hue angle, titratable acidity, and total soluble solids content, thus maintaining better fruit quality. Melatonin treatment inhibited increases in O2−, H2O2, malondialdehyde content, and relative membrane permeability, while maintaining higher endogenous melatonin levels and increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. Additionally, melatonin treatment enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, increased the levels of ascorbic acid, and reduced glutathione levels, which are related to the ascorbate–glutathione cycle, as well as increasing the AsA:DHA and GSH:GSSG ratios. Delayed senescence in sweet cherries after exogenous melatonin treatment may be associated with high endogenous melatonin levels and increased antioxidant activity and content.
A brief pomological description of the sweet cherry cultivars ‘Pobeda’, ‘Kyustendilska Chrustyalka’, ‘Cherna Konyavska’ and ‘Mizia’, created in the early periods of the selection activity at the ...Institute of Agriculture in Kyustendil (50s - 70s of the last century) was made. Due to their low spread in the past already these cultivars are threatened with loss. All of them are characterized by large to very large, extremely tasty and firm fruits and have very good transportability. Some local forms of cherries of unknown origin, found as a result of scientific expeditions in the mountainous regions of Kyustendil district are also described. The fruit of ‘Pobeda’ and ‘Cherna Konyavska’ are easily detached from the stalks, without tearing and juice leakage, which makes them suitable for mechanized harvesting. The fruit of ‘Mizia’ have a very high resistance to mechanical pressure and are suitable for transportation. Most of the forms of unknown origin have medium to large fruits, whose diameter varies from 18.1 to 24.6 mm. One of the forms is soft but the others have firm fruits. The shape of the fruit varies from round to broadly heart-shaped. Most of them have dark red to black skin color. The taste of all is sweet and sour and only one form has a slight tartness. Single, very old trees of these varieties and forms were found in abandoned yards and fields in the villages at the western foot of the Konyavska Mountain and in the southeastern part of the Osogovo Mountain.
Sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) are a nutritious fruit which are rich in polyphenols and have high antioxidant potential. Most sweet cherries are consumed fresh and a small proportion of the total ...sweet cherries production is value added to make processed food products. Sweet cherries are highly perishable fruit with a short harvest season, therefore extensive preservation and processing methods have been developed for the extension of their shelf-life and distribution of their products.
In this review, the main physicochemical properties of sweet cherries, as well as bioactive components and their determination methods are described. The study emphasises the recent progress of postharvest technology, such as controlled/modified atmosphere storage, edible coatings, irradiation, and biological control agents, to maintain sweet cherries for the fresh market. Valorisations of second-grade sweet cherries, as well as trends for the diversification of cherry products for future studies are also discussed.
Sweet cherry fruit have a short harvest period and marketing window. The major loss in quality after harvest include moisture loss, softening, decay and stem browning. Without compromising their eating quality, the extension in fruit quality and shelf-life for sweet cherries is feasible by means of combination of good handling practice and applications of appropriate postharvest technology. With the drive of health-food sector, the potential of using second class cherries including cherry stems as a source of bioactive compound extraction is high, as cherry fruit is well-known for being rich in health-promoting components.
•Physicochemical and bioactive components in sweet cherries.•Progress in postharvest applications for sweet cherries.•Novel processing processes for cherry products.•Future trends of valorisation of sweet cherry fruits and stems.
•93 PavC2H2 proteins were identified from sweet cherry genome.•PavC2H2-4/16/28/54/69 were highly expressed in different sweet cherry cultivars.•PavC2H2-16/62/64/77 were induced by differnet abiotic ...stresses.
Zinc finger protein is one of the important eukaryotic transcription factors involved in plant growth, development, biotic and abiotic stress response. Although the C2H2 gene family has been identified in many plants, little is known about it in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). In the present study, a total of 93 PavC2H2 proteins were identified and their distribution on chromosomes, gene structures, and conserved motifs were assessed. According to their protein structural and phylogenetic features, these 93 PavC2H2 proteins were classified into 8 distinct subclasses. Chromosome localization showed that the family members were located in 8 chromosomes of sweet cherry. According to the analysis of conserved motifs, 10 conserved motifs were identified, and motif 1 exists in 84 sequences. The expression of PavC2H2 genes in different sweet cherry cultivars and under abiotic stresses was detected. PavC2H2-4/16/28/54/69 were highly expressed in ‘Hong Deng’, ‘Black Pearl’, and Prunus tomentosa, while PavC2H2-16/62/64/77 was significantly responsive to low temperature, salt, and drought stresses. This study provides the systematic analysis of PavC2H2 genes in sweet cherry and found that some of them may play important roles in anthocyanin biosynthesis and abiotic stress response.
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•Sweet cherries were coated with 1% of 4 different chitosans.•It has not been effective at reducing water loss at 4 °C, but effective at 20 °C.•Chitosans were effective in inhibiting ...microbial growth.•Chitosan coatings extend the shelf life of sweet cherry.
In this study, the effects of chitosan edible film coatings on the physicochemical and microbiological qualities of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) were investigated. Sweet cherries were coated with 1% chitosan two of which were produced from shrimp waste originating from the Marmara Sea in Turkey (Chitosan-1, Chitosan-2) and the other two of which were commercially produced (Commercial-1 and Commercial-2) and stored at 4 °C for 25 days or 20 °C for 15 days. Various physicochemical (weight loss, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, water activity, respiration rate, total carbohydrate content) and microbiological (total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, total psychrophilic aerobic bacteria, total coliform bacteria, yeasts and molds) qualities were measured. After storage, the least weight loss was found to be 8.85% in Chitosan-2 coated sweet cherries at 20 °C and 16.18% in the control group stored at 4 °C. The lowest titratable acidity value was observed in the control group (0.657%) at 4 °C and in the Chitosan-2 coated sweet cherries (0.600%) at 20℃. The water activity value was determined at 0.969-0.974 for all sample groups and storage conditions at the end of each period. The total count of mesophilic aerobic bacteria in the sweet cherry coated with CH-1 and CH-2 was found to be below the detectable amount (<2 logCFU/g) while that for the control group was 2.74 log CFU/g at 4 °C. Coating sweet cherries with CH-1 and CH-2 inhibited yeast and mold growth at 4 °C for 25 days while the highest yeast and mold count was determined as 4.75 log CFU/g in C-2 coated sweet cherries at the end of storage. It has been determined that each tested chitosan coatings have different effects on various quality characteristics at distinct storage temperatures. When microbiological analyses are taken into consideration, it can be concluded that chitosan, especially those produced from shrimp wastes, have high antimicrobial effects and can be used effectively in increasing the shelf life of sweet cherries.
Background. Sweet cherry plants bear fruit annually, are high-yielding, and generate good profits. Cultivars with early-ripening fruits are specially valued. Cultivation of such sweet cherries ...makes it possible to extend the period of fresh fruit consumption and increase the profitability of orchards. It is therefore relevant to breed new early-ripening cultivars of this fruit plant. Materials and methods. Twenty sweet cherry forms from five hybrid families obtained with in vitro embryo culture techniques at the Nikita Botanical Gardens were analyzed. The original early-ripening cultivars included in the hybridization of ‘Durona di Vignola 2’ and ‘Zemfira’ were used as a control. Flowering dates, fruit ripening dates, fruit weight and quality, resistance to negative temperatures (down to –25.6°C), and susceptibility to fungal diseases were studied from 2012 to 2021 at the Steppe Horticulture Laboratory, Nikita Botanical Gardens, using conventional methods. Results and conclusions. Late-flowering breeding forms 460, 597, 602, 612 and 843 were selected for their lowest susceptibility to the effects of late spring frosts. Forms 343, 366, 453, 459, 460, 602, 612, 653, 353, 387, 600, 653 and 843 had early and very early fruit ripening periods. Forms 320, 434, 460, 593a, 597, 600, 601, 602 and 607 were identified for their high yields. Genotypes 459, 460, 601 and 843 demonstrated resistance to Cylindrosporium hiemale Higg., and 597, 843 and 320 to Monilia cinerea Bonord. High winter hardiness and frost resistance was observed in forms 355, 434, 459, 597 and 602. Breeding forms 460, 602 and 843 were identified as promising for a set of traits (late flowering, large high-quality fruits, resistance to major diseases, and high yield). They are of interest for introduction into horticultural production and use in further breeding work to develop new competitive cultivars.
•First HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn analysis of a large number of Portuguese sweet cherries.•Quantification of the phenolics via HPLC-DAD of 23 Portuguese sweet cherries.•First report about physicochemical ...composition of 23 Portuguese sweet cherries.•First report about quality parameters of 23 Portuguese sweet cherries.•Obtention of a regression linear able to predict the sum of phenolic compounds.
This study aimed to analyze physicochemical characteristics and phenolic profile of twenty-three sweet cherry cultivars from Fundão region, Portugal. The average length and width ranged between 1.9 and 2.6 and 2.1–2.8 cm, respectively. Weight varied between 4.9 and 11.8 g, firmness ranged from 7.3 to 20.1 N, moisture and ash contents ranged from 75.1 to 88.6% and 0.4 to 2.9%, respectively. Sunburst and Sweetheart presented high values of CIEL∗, a∗ and b∗, and low values regarding total soluble solids and maturity index. A total of 46 phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn and quantified by HPLC-DAD, namely 19 hydroxycinnamic acids, 2 hydroxybenzoic acids, 13 flavonols, 5 flavan-3-ols, 2 flavanones, 1 flavanonol and 4 anthocyanins. Sunburst and Brook’s were the richest in non-colored phenolics, while Garnet and Tavora were the richest ones in anthocyanins. Therefore, our results revealed that sweet cherries represent a supply of high-value bioactive compounds, being greatly influenced by the cultivar.
•Nitric oxide-releasing chitosan nanoparticles (GSNO-CS NPs) preserve fruit quality.•GSNO-CS NPs reduce reactive oxygen species in sweet cherry during storage.•GSNO-CS NPs increase the activity of ...antioxidant enzymes in sweet cherry.•GSNO-CS NPs increase ascorbic acid and glutathione levels in postharvest fruit.
Sweet cherries rapidly depreciate in market value owing to decay and the quick loss of fruit quality after harvest. Therefore, optimum postharvest treatment is crucial for maintaining the qualities of cherries during storage. Here, we tested a new method of postharvest treatment by immersing sweet cherries in nitric oxide-releasing chitosan nanoparticles (GSNO-CS NPs), storing them at 0 °C and evaluating fruit quality over time. The results indicated that GSNO-CS NPs more effectively preserved the quality of cherries during cold storage compared to other methods. Specifically, GSNO-CS NPs reduced fruit weight loss, respiration rate and ethylene production and increased soluble solids content. Additionally, GSNO-CS NPs reduced reactive oxygen species, increased the antioxidant enzyme activity in direct and indirect antioxidant systems, and increased the levels of ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione. Overall, results suggest that treatment with GSNO-CS NPs can effectively preserve the quality of cherries and enhance antioxidant capacity during cold storage.
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