The aim of this paper is to analyze the order of Romanian irreversible binomial constructions. The present study is based on previous research that analyzed the order of English irreversible binomial ...constructions. Throughout the time, researchers have observed that speakers are influenced to order the constituents of irreversible binomial constructions according to certain ordering constraints. I applied these ordering constraints on the Romanian irreversible binomial constructions in order to observe their effectiveness. I noticed that five constraints strongly influence the ordering of the constituents of the Romanian irreversible binomial constructions: iconic sequencing, extralinguistic hierarchy, conceptual accessibility, frequency and Panini's law.
Artikkelissa tarkastellaan yhtä imperatiivin prototyyppisestä poikkeavaa käyttötapaa, jolla ilmaistaan kielteistä suhtautumista puhuteltavan toimintaa kohtaan. Esimerkiksi äidin lapsilleen lausuma ...repikää nyt se mun hame siinä ilmaisee paheksuntaa ja varoittaa samalla toiminnan ei-toivotuista seurauksista. Käyttötapaa nimitetään paheksuntaimperatiiviksi, ja sen osoitetaan olevan itsenäinen affektinen lausekonstruktio. Artikkelin yleisempänä tavoitteena on näyttää imperatiivin käyttötapojen moninaisuus ja sen hienojakoinen konstruktioituminen.
Le but de la présente étude est de montrer l'avantage de redéfinir les concepts de construction et de paradigme et d'appliquer ces concepts à l'intérieur d'une théorie sur l'organisation et la ...réorganisation de la grammaire. Le champ destiné à illustrer cette théorie est le paradigme de la voix, en particulier les constructions à réduction du sujet. Des arguments sont avancés en faveur d'une analyse qui consiste à considérer les alternances entre les anticausatives non marquées (AC) et les anticausatives réflexives (ACR) comme un choix entre deux membres du paradigme de la voix.
Notre étude entend combiner les concepts de paradigme et de construction présentés dans Nørgård-Sørensen, Heltoft & Schøsler (2011) dans une perspective diachronique et en utilisant le cadre ...théorique d'Andersen (2008) sur la réanalyse, l'actualisation et le changement grammatical. Nos réflexions seront illustrées par le verbe de perception voir car ce verbe se distingue par ses multiples utilisations lexicales et grammaticalisées. Notre but est d'identifier les différents paradigmes constructionnels dans lesquels figure cette unité.
Translation is a wonderful area of study especially the literary one. Unlike other kinds of renditions, literary translation needs a lot of cognitive processing on the part of translators in that the ...selecting of one of the multi grammatical forms available in Arabic is not as easy as a cake considering the implied meaning that syntactic or morphological structure suggests. It could be stated that the main problem of this research is the multi syntactic and morphological structures in Arabic and how translators decide on which is the most suitable equivalent for the English verb to be translated. It is hypothesized that translators involved in literary rendering must be fully- equipped with the various morphological and syntactic devices English and Arabic have and how to accurately employ them to produce good renditions. This research aims at providing literary translators with a sort of practical knowledge and how to achieve accurate equivalence greatly based on meaning on one hand and the precision of Arabic syntactic and morphological structures on the other. It can be concluded that it is not always suitable and accurate to render the English verbs into Arabic verbs. In the current study, however, the verb phrase can be successfully rendered into nominal, prepositional, or adverbial phrases
We argue in the present paper that the (socio)linguistic description of grammatical complexity provides a necessary complement to predictive omnibus measures as an analytical approach for the study ...of student writing proficiency and development. That is, while omnibus measures can be effective for predicting student performance, we argue that a comprehensive grammatical description is required to fully understand and interpret the linguistic characteristics of written texts produced by students. The logic of our argument is simple: Descriptions of grammatical complexity in student writing must be based on linguistically-interpretable analyses of grammar (including syntactic differences).
We develop this argument from several perspectives, including a survey of the structural/syntactic features relating to the construct of grammatical complexity in English, an overview of corpus-based research showing that these distinctions truly matter for the description of academic writing, and a critical evaluation of the descriptive adequacy of omnibus measures when considered from this linguistic perspective. In summary, although we recognize the utility of omnibus complexity measures for purely predictive purposes (e.g., to assess L2 writing proficiency), we argue that a comprehensive linguistic description of grammatical structures and uses is required to fully understand the characteristics of student texts and the nature of student writing development.
This review article presents evidence for the claim that frequency effects are pervasive in children's first language acquisition, and hence constitute a phenomenon that any successful account must ...explain. The article is organized around four key domains of research: children's acquisition of single words, inflectional morphology, simple syntactic constructions, and more advanced constructions. In presenting this evidence, we develop five theses. (i) There exist different types of frequency effect, from effects at the level of concrete lexical strings to effects at the level of abstract cues to thematic-role assignment, as well as effects of both token and type, and absolute and relative, frequency. High-frequency forms are (ii) early acquired and (iii) prevent errors in contexts where they are the target, but also (iv) cause errors in contexts in which a competing lower-frequency form is the target. (v) Frequency effects interact with other factors (e.g. serial position, utterance length), and the patterning of these interactions is generally informative with regard to the nature of the learning mechanism. We conclude by arguing that any successful account of language acquisition, from whatever theoretical standpoint, must be frequency sensitive to the extent that it can explain the effects documented in this review, and outline some types of account that do and do not meet this criterion.
Notre travail a pour objet d'observer les fonctionnements sémantiques et les valeurs discursives du mot 일종 iljong. Iljong est un mot composé de deux mots/morphèmes : il ‹un(e)› et jong ‹sorte, ...espèce›. Iljong a deux constructions syntaxiques qui entraînent deux effets sémantiques distincts : iljong+ida et iljong+eui. Le locuteur qui essaie de catégoriser le référent choisira iljong+ida et celui qui essaie de caractériser le référent utilisera iljong+eui. Cependant, iljong+ida et iljong+eui, à cause de leur valeur approximative, n'affirment rien sauf l'attitude du locuteur sur le référent. Iljong+ida implique que le référent ne comprend pas les propriétés typiques de la catégorie et avec iljong+eui, le référent évoque les propriétés typiques d'une autre catégorie. Elles se situent entre la catégorisation et la caractérisation, en s'orientant chacune vers l'une des directions distinguées.
Determining the head of complex noun phrases is in general not an easy task in Portuguese. In the case of uma garrafa de vinho ‘a bottle of wine’, in combination with quebrou-se ‘broke’ or derramou ...‘spilled’, it is the selection restrictions of the verb that determine which noun functions as head. This paper deals with a specific type of Brazilian Portuguese NP, aquele idiota do médico ‘that idiot of a doctor’, called “binominal” by Aarts (1998). The two types of nominal elements, linked by the preposition de, are the first constituent, idiota ‘idiot’, which has an evaluative status, and the second constituent, médico ‘doctor’, which has a referential status. The hypothesis defended here is that the evaluative nature of the first constituent and the referential nature of the second consist in a conclusive criterion for the determination of headedness.
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