This paper presents a basic overview of the historical development of electronic tachymeters, through solutions developed by the German manufacturer Zeiss. This factory is responsible for the first ...instrument of its kind in the world, which is described with special attention. Subsequently, the possibilities of different tachymeters are illustrated in chronological order, over their three decades of evolution. Finally, an overview on the current state of development and production of Zeiss tachymeters is given, since the plant became an integral part of Trimble's large concern.
Predstavljen je kronološki pregled razvoja tahimetrov, instrumentov za merjenje kotov in dolžin, proizvajalca Leica Geosystems. Proizvajalec ni bil izbran iz komercialnih razlogov ali zaradi ...promocije njegove merske opreme. Namen članka je prikazati razvojnestopnje tehnologije za zajem osnovnih geodetskih merskih podatkov (kotov in dolžin). Obravnavano podjetje je naslednik podjetja Wild in je ob združevanju z nekaterimi drugimi visokotehnološkimi podjetji prvi dedič zgodovine razvoja vrhunske geodetske merske opreme. Leica je s svojimi tehnološkimi rešitvami postavljala prelomnice v razvoju tahimetrov, ki so jim drugi proizvajalci večinoma le sledili. Pregled sloni na predstavitvi različnih modelov tahimetrov, ki so z letiomogočali vse natančnejše meritve s krajšim časom zajema in visoko stopnjo procesiranja meritev na terenu. Natančno je predstavljen tudi razvoj posameznih sistemov tahimetra za pripravo instrumenta zamerjenje, viziranje, čitanje, shranjevanje merskih podatkov ter komunikacijo z zunanjimi procesnimi enotami. Poudarek je tudi na združevanju s sodobno tehnologijo satelitskega pozicioniranja, ki je v geodeziji postala že nekakšen standard in prihodnost razvoja. : This article is a chronological overview of the development of tachymeters, instruments for measuring angles and distances, of the manufacturer Leica Geosystems.The choice of manufacturer was made in order to show the stages of the development of the technology for acquiring the primary geodetic measurement data (angles and distances). Leica Goesystems is the successor to Wild; by joining someother high-tech companies, it has become a kind of heir to the history of the development of the best surveying measuring equipment. Leica’s technological solutions represent milestones in the progress of the development of total stations – milestone that have only been followed by other manufacturers. This review is based on describing the various models of total stations, which over the years has allowed more precise measurement to be captured within shorter times and high-level post-processing on the field. In addition, the development of the systems for the preparation of a total station for measuring, for sighting, for reading measuring values, for storing measurement data, and communicating with external processing unitsis examined. Emphasis is also given to its integration with the modern technology of satellite positioning, which currently represents a kind of standard as well as future development in geodesy.
EN: Automatic total stations are the most developed classical surveying instruments at the moment. Automatic total stations can significantly simplify the work of an operator. In some cases ...measurements can even be carried out without the presence of an operator, as the total station is completely automated. The paperdescribes different tests for the determination of accuracy in use, efficiency and robustness of the total stations systems with higher levels of automation. The chosen test procedures simulate the situation on the field and facilitate an objective assessment of systems efficiency.SI: Avtomatski elektronski tahimetri so trenutno najvišja razvojna stopnja klasičnih geodetskih instrumentov. Vgrajena sodobna tehnologija bistveno poenostavi delo operaterja za instrumentom, včasih je mogoče izvajati meritve tudi brez njegove prisotnosti, saj je delovanje tahimetra popolnoma avtomatizirano. Prispevek opisuje preizkus praktične natančnosti, učinkovitosti in robustnosti sistemov z višjimi stopnjami avtomatizacije elektronskih tahimetrov. Opisani testni primeri so izbrani tako, da simulirajo situacije naterenu in omogočajo objektivno presojo učinkovitosti sistemov.
Automatic total stations are the most developed classical surveying instruments at the moment. Automatic total stations significantly reduce the work of an operator. In some cases measurements can be ...carried out without the presence of an operator, because the station is completely automated. Paper describes the tachymeter and its development. The motives and technical bases for the development of higher degrees of automation of total stations and general characteristics of automatic systems of total stations are described.
The article describes the technical properties of contemporary tachymeters, with an emphasis on Leica Geosystems instruments. With growing capabilities of measurement sensors and software the use of ...terrestrial geodetic instrumentation has expanded to survey kinematical processes and carrying out of continuous measurements. Knowledge of capacity of instruments of geodetic equipment manufacturers can significantly contribute to performance quality of geodetic works.
