The Class Sonia Livingstone; Julian Sefton-Green
05/2016, Letnik:
1
eBook
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Do today's youth have more opportunities than their parents? As they build their own social and digital networks, does that offer new routes to learning and friendship? How do they navigate the ...meaning of education in a digitally connected but fiercely competitive, highly individualized world?
Based upon fieldwork at an ordinary London school,The Classexamines young people's experiences of growing up and learning in a digital world. In this original and engaging study, Livingstone and Sefton-Green explore youth values, teenagers' perspectives on their futures, and their tactics for facing the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead. The authors follow the students as they move across their different social worlds-in school, at home, and with their friends, engaging in a range of activities from video games to drama clubs and music lessons. By portraying the texture of the students' everyday lives,The Classseeks to understand how the structures of social class and cultural capital shape the development of personal interests, relationships and autonomy. Providing insights into how young people's social, digital, and learning networks enable or disempower them, Livingstone and Sefton-Green reveal that the experience of disconnections and blocked pathways is often more common than that of connections and new opportunities.
Americans remain deeply ambivalent about teenage sexuality. Many presume that such uneasiness is rooted in religion. This book tackles such questions as: how exactly does religion contribute to the ...formation of teenagers' sexual values and actions? What difference, if any, does religion make in adolescents' sexual attitudes and behaviors? Are abstinence pledges effective? Who expresses regrets about their sexual activity and why? The book combines analyses of three national surveys with stories drawn from interviews with over 250 teenagers across America. It reviews how young people learn, and what they know about sex from their parents, schools, peers, and other sources. It examines what experiences teens profess to have had, and how they make sense of these experiences in light of their own identities as religious, moral, and responsible persons. The author's analysis discovers that religion can and does matter. However, the analysis finds that religious claims are often swamped by other compelling sexual scripts. Particularly interesting is the emergence of what the author calls a “new middle class sexual morality”, which has little to do with a desire for virginity but nevertheless shuns intercourse in order to avoid risks associated with pregnancy and STDs. And strikingly, evangelical teens aren't less sexually active than their non-evangelical counterparts, they just tend to feel guiltier about it. In fact, the analysis finds that few religious teens have internalized or are even able to articulate the sexual ethic taught by their denominations. The only-and largely ineffective-sexual message most religious teens are getting is: “don't do it until you're married”. Ultimately, the author concludes, religion may influence adolescent sexual behavior, but it rarely motivates sexual decision making.
Background: Adolescents are one of the primary targets of television advertisements. Advertisement viewing has been linked to weight gain, obesity, and poor health outcomes. The brain network ...mechanisms that underlie the relationship between advertisements and weight regulation are largely unknown. As such, we tested whether a brain functional network could be derived from adolescents' BMI change over 2 years. Methods: A sample of 170 adolescents (14.3 ± 1.0 years; 51.2% female; BMI percentile: 73.0 ± 24.6) completed an fMRI paradigm viewing advertisements (unhealthy fast-food, healthier fast-food, and non-food advertisements). Adolescents returned for a 2-year followup visit (n = 123; 50.4% female; BMI percentile: 71.0 ± 26.5). We used connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM), a data-driven approach that utilizes whole-brain functional connectivity to develop models of brain-behavior relationships "that is, neural signatures" using machine learning approaches. We used 100 iterations of 10-fold cross-validation to derive a 2-year weight change neural signature. Results were controlled for baseline BMI, age, sex, and pubertal stage. Results: CPM identified a neural signature comprising of regions associated with the default mode network (temporal pole, middle temporal gyrus), subcortical regions (caudate, thalamus, putamen), and visual regions (precuneus, fusiform gyrus) that predicted BMI at 2-year follow-up (model accuracy: r = 0.19; p = 0.036). Specifically, weaker functional connectivity in this network at baseline was associated with greater BMI change at follow-up. Conclusions: Weaker functional connectivity between these regions has previously been associated with aspects of altered sensory perception and impaired cognitive processes, for example, attention, memory, and decision-making in clinical populations. These results shed light on possible neural mechanisms of the existing theory between weight gain/obesity, attention, memory, and executive functioning.
Introduction Earlier (circadian) meal timing is associated with more favorable weight outcomes. Whether control of caloric intake across the endogenous circadian cycle and/or time from awakening to ...bedtime differs depending on body weight is unknown. We addressed these questions in adolescents with a 28-h forced desynchrony (FD), hypothesizing that overweight (OW) and obese (O) adolescents had a higher proportion of daily energy consumed later in the wake episode and at a later circadian phase compared to healthy weight (HW) adolescents. Methods 51 (29m) adolescents (12-15yr) completed 7 FD cycles. Six meals occurred at fixed times each cycle: Meal1 was 1.7h after scheduled awaking, Meal2 was 2h after Meal1, and Meals3-6 followed at 3-h intervals. Foods were selected about 1h before each meal and weighed before and after each meal. Proportion of energy intake for each meal across each wake episode was computed relative to total energy consumed in that cycle. Weight categorization used body mass index (BMI) percentiles (CDC): HW (>5thand <85th; n=24), OW (≥85thand <95th; n=13), or O (≥95th; n=14). Endogenous circadian period was determined using salivary melatonin onsets (Mean: HW=24.19h; OW=24.23h; O=24.22h). Effect of circadian phase and time since scheduled awakening was assessed by Repeated Measures ANOVAs using 6 circadian and 6 time-awake bins. Results There was a significant time awake effect (F(5,2086)=113.5,p<.01) that differed by weight category (F(10,2076)=4.9,p<.01), with more consumption earlier and less later in OW and HW; O group showed more consistent consumption across the wake episode. There was also a significant circadian influence (F(5,2086)=38.08,p<.01) that differed by weight category (F(10,2076)=2.75,p<.01), with O group showing a lower amplitude and later acrophase. We also examined circadian alignment using 1st(aligned) vs. 4th(misaligned) FD cycles. A significant misalignment effect (F(5,550)=14.32,p<.01) was seen and differed by weight category (F(10,528)=2.21,p=.02). Conclusion Consistent with our hypotheses, O showed higher consumption late in the wake episode and at a later circadian phase than other weight groups. Circadian and misalignment influences were weaker for O group compared to OW and HW groups. Support (If Any) DK101046
Le Collège international Mary E. Hotvedt PhD, regent, Western New Mexico University, États-Unis Michael LaSala PhD, professeur, School of Social Work, LCSW, Rutgers University, États-Unis Alejandro ...Astorga Psychologue clinicien, directeur, Multigenerational Center, Santiago du Chili Bawany Chinapan Directrice clinique, Andolfi Family Therapy Center (AFTC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaisie Ivy Daure Docteure en psychologie, directrice de la collection Art de la psychothérapie, éditeur ESF sciences humaines, France Joel Elizur PhD, professeur associé, Clinical Child & Educational Psychology Program, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israël Vanessa Espaillat PhD, directrice du CONTINUUM, Centro de formación y psicoterpia, République dominicaine Olga Falceto Pédopsychiatre, coordinatrice de l'Instituto da Família, Porto Alegre, Brésil Mustafa Qossoqsi PhD, psychologue en chef, Département de psychiatrie, English Hospital de Nazareth, cofondateur de l'Arab Psychological Association, Israël Christine Senediak Psychologue clinicienne, directrice des Clinical Supervision Services, Sydney Family Therapy Institute, Australie Tazuco Shibusawa PhD, dirigeant, Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Foundation, Japon Greet Splingaer Psychologue clinicienne et orthopédagogue, directrice, Family Training Institute and Family Therapeutic Centre Rapunzel, Belgique Ovidio C. Waldemar Pédopsychiatre, co-coordinateur Instituto da Família, Porto Alegre, Brésil Préambule En juillet 2023, plus d'un millier de psychothérapeutes de plus de cinquante pays et de toutes orientations se sont réunis à Assise en Italie pendant trois jours pour célébrer la thérapie familiale, son impact et son potentiel, et pour échanger leurs idées. Elle a été organisée par l'Académie de psychothérapie de la famille de Rome, et parrainée par l'American Academy of Marital and Family Therapy (AAMFT), l'Australian Academy of Family Therapy (AAFT), l'Asian Academy of Family Therapy (AAFT), I'European Family Therapy Association (EFTA) et la World Association of Social Psychiatry (WASP). Leurs voix, parfois arrogantes, bizarres, colériques et provocatrices, sont souvent une demande désespérée d'amour et d'attention. 11 nous faut aller au-delà des catégories psychiatriques et des symptômes pour comprendre leurs besoins et leurs contraintes, pour pouvoir les appréhender de façon holistique dans le cadre de leurs liens relationnels. En tant que thérapeutes systémiques et communautaires, multigénérationnels, nous comprenons l'impact de telles expériences sur les familles au fil des générations et nous intervenons pour les aider à surmonter les expériences traumatiques et douloureuses actuelles et historiques, en favorisant le lien et le pardon.
Elle a developpe de nouvelles techniques et activites therapeutiques, a mene des recherches sur le sujet, et en tant que formatrice, a introduit la pratique de la TMF dans divers contextes ...psychiatriques et plus largement dans le champ de la sante mentale, tant pour les enfants et adolescents que pour les adultes. Son introduction nous donne un aper^u soigneusement structure de la TMF. Peter Steinglass, therapeute familial americain influant et pionnier du developpement de la TMF aux Etats-Unis (et egalement redacteur en chef de Family Process pendant de nombreuses annees, une importante revue professionnelle americaine), explique comment il dirige des groupes multifamiliaux pour les maladies somatiques chroniques. Par ailleurs, differentes techniques et activites appropriees pour les differentes phases d'un groupe TMF sont tres bien detaillees. Une experience de TMF appliquee a cette pathologie est en cours de realisation dans le service de psychiatric de 1'enfant et de 1'adolescent du centre hospitalier de Versailles.
Les cartes Dixit Crottet, Bertrand
Thérapie familiale,
09/2023, Letnik:
44, Številka:
3
Journal Article
En clinique infantojuvénile, il n’est pas rare de constater les difficultés manifestes des enfants et des adolescents à nommer, décrire et communiquer leur vécu interne. Ces obstacles sont bien ...entendu d’origine et d’étiologie diverses, allant du retard cognitif au processus dissociatif engendré par les psychotraumatismes, en passant par les loyautés et les non-dits. Dès lors, l’intérêt et le défi résident dans la possibilité de trouver une représentation que l’enfant osera partager sans se soucier de la véracité et de la loyauté. Les représentations métaphoriques ouvrent une voie vers l’imaginaire, ce qui permet une externalisation protectrice et non confrontante. Les cartes Dixit, du jeu de société éponyme, offrent un support précieux à ces représentations métaphoriques (Mousnier et al. , 2016). Nous avons alors établi une méthodologie, le protocole 3 × 3, qui permet d’intervenir en focalisant la métaphore sur les forces de changement et les stratégies associées. De manière flottante, le processus, ainsi induit sur le plan métaphorique, active les ressources de l’enfant dans la réalisation de son objectif de changement.
Les autrices proposent de réhumaniser en créant des liens thérapeutiques; le devoir de curiosité et celui d'incompétence peuvent induire une symétrisation de la relation avec les thérapeutes. Elles ...proposent aussi d'aider à retisser les liens en soignant le mythe familial, base de ľappartenance familiale et de ľidentité collective. Puis ils questionnent, grace au génogramme professionnel, les activités professionnelles sur plusieurs generations : liens entre vie familiale et travail, place du travail, influence de la retraite sur la vie relationnelle. La position qu'ils préconisent pour les thérapeutes est une position active via une fonction sémaphorique (au sens de Délyon), de construction du récit.
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