Water pollution from industrial or household waste, containing dyes from the textile industry, poses a significant environmental challenge requiring immediate attention. In this study, we have ...developed a crosslinked-smart-polymer film based on 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate copolymerized with other hydrophilic and hydrophobic commercial monomers, and its efficacy in removing 21 different textile dyes was assessed. The smart polymer effectively interacts with and adsorbs dyes, inducing a noticeable colour change. UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis confirmed a removal efficiency exceeding 90 % for anionic dyes, with external diffusion identified as the primary influencing factor on process kinetics, consistent with both pseudo-first-order kinetics and the Crank-Dual model. Isothermal studies revealed distinct adsorption behaviors, with indigo carmine adhering to a Freundlich isotherm while others conformed to the Langmuir model. Permeation and fluorescence analyses corroborated isotherm observations, verifying surface adsorption. Significantly, our proof-of-concept demonstrated the resilience of the smart-film to common fabric softeners and detergents without compromising adsorption capacity. Additionally, the material exhibited reusability (for at least 5 cycles), durability, and good thermal and mechanical properties, with T5 and T10 values of 265 °C and 342 °C, respectively, a Tg of 168 °C, and a water swelling percentage of 54.3 %, thus confirming its stability and suitability for industrial application.
Dyes released during laundry processes should be classified as "hazardous materials" owing to their significant toxicity towards aquatic organisms, with the potential to disrupt ecosystems and harm aquatic biodiversity. This paper discusses the development of a novel acrylic material in film form, engineered to extract toxic anionic dyes. This study directly contributes to mitigating the environmental impact associated with the fashion industry and the domestic use of textiles. It can be implemented on both an industrial and personal scale, thereby encouraging more sustainable practices and promoting collaborative citizen science efforts towards
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•Acrylic film with ion exchange behaviour for removing textile industry pollutants.•Removal percentages above 90 % for anionic dyes from different families.•Reusable, resistant and safer polymer that can be used at least 5 times.•Suitable for both industrial and domestic washing conditions.•POC: study of indigo carmine removal efficiency under domestic washing conditions.
Decolorization of textile dyes and study of their intermediate compounds is necessary to comprehend the mechanism of dye degradation. In the present study, different fungal mediated solutions were ...explored to provide an alternative to treat the reactive dyes. Growing biomass of Pleurotus sajor caju showed 83% decolorization (249.99 mg L−1 removal) of Reactive Blue 13 (RB 13) and 63% decolorization (188.83 mg L−1) of Reactive Black 5 (RB 5) at 300 mg L−1 initial concentration on 8 d. Higher laccase activity was positively correlated with increase in decolorization. However, increasing dye concentration has inhibitory effect on fungal biomass due to increase in toxicity. In laccase mediated decolorization, laccase produced from P. sajor caju using carbon rich waste material as substrate showed 89% decolorization (276.36 mg L−1 removal) of RB 13 and 33% decolorization (105.37 mg L−1 removal) of RB 5 at 300 mg L−1 initial dye concentration in 100 min at 30 °C and pH 3.0’. Comparing the two methods, laccase-mediated decolorization shows better decolorization in less time and does not produce sludge. Further, the present work also attempted to study the dye degradation pathway for Reactive blue 13 via laccase mediated process. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were utilized to identify the degraded products. The GC-MS analysis showed the formation of naphthalene, naphthalene 2-ol, benzene,1–2, dicarboxylic acid, 4, amino, 6,chloro, 1-3-5, triazin-2-ol as the final degraded products after enzymatic degradation of RB 13. These findings provide in-depth study of laccase-mediated textile dye degradation mechanism.
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•Growing fungal biomass showed 62–87% decolorization of reactive dyes on 8 d.•Increase in laccase activity was monitored with increasing dye decolorization.•Fungal growth decreases with increasing dye concentration.•Laccase showed 33–90% decolorization of textile dyes in 100 min at 30 °C, pH 3.0•A possible metabolic pathway for RB 13 degradation by laccase was proposed.
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•Robust nanofibrous adsorptive membranes were fabricated via electrospinning.•Hypercrosslinked cyclodextrin network was obtained using a graphitic acid linker.•Exclusively natural ...compounds were used: cyclodextrin, graphitic acid, water, hypophosphite.•The membrane can efficiently scavenge dyes & polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water.•The effect of crosslinker on the host–guest chemistry of the polyCD was studied in silico.
As a principal constituent of living organisms, water is crucial to sustain life on Earth. However, its pollution by major human activities leading to clean water scarcity is a significant issue. Industrial activities release toxic pollutants, such as textile dyes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which pollute water resources and endanger the marine ecosystem and human life. To address this issue, we developed a highly effective sorbent platform based on a nanofibrous membrane, comprising hypercrosslinked cyclodextrin networks (HCNs). Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides with a truncated cone shape featuring a partially hydrophobic cavity interior, which can form complexes with organic micropollutants. The nanofibrous HCN membrane was produced via the electrospinning of highly concentrated CD solutions containing a naturally occurring graphitic acid linker. The thermal crosslinking of the nanofibrous membrane resulted in a robust covalent polymer network of CD macrocycles, which can retain its shape in aqueous and organic solvents. The membrane was produced by exclusively using green resources including a novel natural crosslinker (i.e., graphitic acid), which has not been previously employed for any CD-based materials. Molecular modeling revealed that the crosslinking had a negligible effect on the host–guest complexation of the nanofibrous CD networks. The HCN membrane was used for scavenging textile dyes and PAHs from polluted water, and it demonstrated high sorption performance (Qmax = 692 mg g−1 dye), and excellent reusability upon the application of acidic methanol treatment. The nanofibrous HCN membrane can be used for rapid and efficient scavenging of organic micropollutants in aqueous environments.
The current study included studying the possibility of fungi in removing two
types of dyes used in textile factories (red and yellow). Three concentrations of
dyes (500, 100 and 300) ppm were treated ...with fungi and measured. Removal efficiency was measured after 72 hours, and the fungus was more efficient in removing the red dye. The removal efficiency was (99.77, 96.02 and 92.19) % for
the red dye and (94.11, 93.65, and 88.9) % for the yellow dye. Results indicated
that the degradation rate of the low concentrations was higher than that of high
concentrations of both dyes. The results recorded decreased pH values for both
dyes and all concentrations. It decreased from (7.33, 7.27 and 7.27) to (4.83, 4.83
and 4.87) after 72 hours of red dye treatment and from (7.23, 7.23 and 7.27) to
(4.83, 4.83 and 4.8) for the yellow dye. The electrical conductivity also decreased
for dyes and all concentrations, from (1509, 1466 and 1501.33) microsiemens/cm
to (968, 975 and 972.33) microsiemens/cm for the red dye. At the same time, it
decreased from (1472.67, 1481 and 1487) microsiemens/cm to (988.33, 997 and
999.33) Microsiemens/cm for yellow dye. Total dissolved solids values also decreased for both dyes, and all concentrations decreased from (1011, 982 and
1005)mg/l to ( 648, 653 and 651) mg/l from the red dye. At the same time, the
yellow dye decreased from (986, 992 and 996) mg/l to (662, 667 and 669) mg/l.
Keywords: Textile Dyes, Aspergillus niger, pollution
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•Synthesis of CDs from agrowaste for efficient wastewater treatment.•Excitation-dependent emission with an improved QY of 19%.•In-depth study on equilibrium dynamics of CDs reveals ...their potential in wastewater treatment applications.•ANN modeling enhances insight into adsorption processes of agro waste-derived CDs.•CDs are utilized effectively for cellular imaging.
Water pollution is a significant problem in today’s modern world, with dye molecules being the most challenging pollutants to eliminate. Carbon dots (CDs) have demonstrated high efficacy in water and wastewater treatment. This research aimed to develop CDs using banana peel as a carbon precursor through a facile hydrothermal method. These CDs were utilized to eliminate methylene blue (MB) dye. The CDs exhibited blue fluorescence with an improved quantum yield (QY) of up to 19 %. They showed an adsorption efficiency of 71.942 mg g−1, with maximum adsorption occurring within a pH range from 2 to 10. The adsorption kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherm models. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. Moreover, the CDs demonstrated excellent re-usability potential over five successive cycles of adsorption. Additionally, a prediction study was performed using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to forecast the adsorption of dye by CDs. The CDs were further investigated for cytotoxic properties and cellular internalization in breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The findings indicated that cellular viability significantly decreased with increasing dosage, reaching 50 % (IC50) at a concentration of 128 μg mL−1. Successful internalization of CDs by cancer cells with blue emission suggests their potential in biomedical applications. Thus, the synthesized nanomaterial is highly promising for both bio-sensing applications and wastewater treatment.
From the biotechnological point of view, enzymes are powerful tools that help sustain a clean environment in several ways. The enzymatic biodegradation of synthetic dyes is a promising goal since it ...reduces pollution caused by textile dyeing factory wastewater. Lignin peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.14, LiP) has high redox potential; thus, it is great for application in various industrial fields (e.g., paper- waste treatment and textile dyeing wastewater treatment). In the present study, a LiP from an isolated strain Pleurotus pulmonarius CPG6 (PpuLiP) was successfully purified with a specific activity of 6.59 U mg -1. The enzyme was purified by using three-step column chromatography procedures including DEAE, Sephadex G-75, and HiTrapTM Q FF columns with 17.8-fold purity. The enzyme with a molecular weight of 40 kDa exhibited enhanced pH stability in the acidic range. The activity retention was over 75% at a pH of 3.0 for more than 6 hours. Purified PpuLiP was able to oxidize a variety of substrates including veratryl alcohol, 2,4-DCP, n propanol, and guaiacol. The effect of metal ions on PpuLiP activity was analyzed. The study will provide a ground to decolorize dyes from various groups of PpuLiP. Purified PpuLiP could decolorize 35% Acid blue 25 (AB25), 50% Acid red 129 (AB129), 72% Acid blue 62 (NY3), 85% Acid blue 113 (AB113), 55% Remazol Brilliant blue R (RBBR), and 100% Reactive red 120 (RR120) for 12 hours. Most of the dyes were decolorized, but the heat-denatured enzyme used as negative control obviously did not decolorize the tested dyes. These results indicate that the PpuLiP has potential application in enzyme-based decolorization of synthetic dyes. Keywords: Decolorization; lignin peroxidase; Pleurotus pulmonarius; textile dyes.
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Efficient and convenient degradation of industrial organic pollutants are of great importance for green chemical schemes and cost-effectiveness. This work introduced the ...immobilization of laccase on Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2-laccase) for photothermal catalytic degradation of textile dyes. The Fe3O4@SiO2-laccase presented excellent reusability, improved thermal and pH stabilities, and remarkable organic compounds, inhibitors and metal ions tolerance. Batch experiments indicate that the maximum loading amount and activity recovery for laccase were about 10.5 mg/g and 109.7%, respectively. Meanwhile, the immobilized laccase was employed for photothermal catalytic degradation of textile dyes. The degradation assays revealed that the initial removal efficiencies were 99.6%, 99.5%, 94.6%, 94.2%, 89.4% and 79.3% for high concentrations of malachite green (MG), brilliant green (BG), reactive blue 19 (RB19), azophloxine, procion red MX-5B and alizarin red in 30–60 min illumination, respectively. Even after 10 recycling cycles, the photothermal catalytic degradation rates of the textile dyes were observed at 98.7%, 99.3%, 88.8%, 79.0%, 78.7% and 64.4%, respectively. The outstanding photothermal catalytic performances demonstrated that the Fe3O4@SiO2-laccase has a technical application in wastewater treatment.
Organic dye and nitrophenol pollution from textiles and other industries present a substantial risk to people and aquatic life. One of the most essential remediation techniques is photocatalysis, ...which uses the strength of visible light to decolorize water. The present study reports Canthium Parviflorum (CNP) leaf extract utilization as an effective bio-reductant for green synthesis of Au NPs. A simple, eco-friendly process with low reaction time and temperature was adopted to synthesize CNP extract-mediated Au-NPs (CNP-AuNPs). The prepared AuNPs characterization involving X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS) surface area analysis, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). XRD results showed that the cubic-structured AuNPs had a crystallite size of 14.12 nm. Assessment of organic dyes performance in degrading brilliant green (BTG) and amido black 10B (AMB) under visible light irradiation highlights an impressive 83.25% and 86% degradation efficiency within 120 min, accompanied by a kinetic rate constant dyes was found to be 0.0828 min⁻1, BTG, and 0.0123 min⁻1, Furthermore, the reduction of 4-nitrophenol by NaBH4 using CNP-AuNPs as a catalyst demonstrated good catalytic performance and rapid degradation at 89.4%. and rate constant 0.099 min−1 followed pseudo-first-order. The LC-MS analysis identified various intermediates during the degradation of the CR dye. Radical trapping experiments suggest that photogenerated free electrons and hydroxyl radicals are crucial for degrading the amido black 10B dye The AuNPs influenced the significant factors responsible for the photocatalytic activity, such as the increase in range of absorbance, increased e− and h+ pair separation, improvement in the charge transfer process, and active site formation, which significantly enhanced the process of degradation. We found that the CNP-AuNPs could effectively remove dyes and nitrophenol from industrial wastewater.
Schematic representation of green synthesized gold nanoparticles for environmental remediation. Display omitted
•For the first time, AuNPs were successfully synthesized using Canthium parviflorum leaf aqueous extract.•CNP-AuNPs were characterized using FT-IR and FESEM with EDX, XRD, XPS, LCMS, and TEM analysis.•Rapid and complete photocatalytic degradation of hazardous dyes by CNP-AuNPs.•Amido black 10B dye demineralization intermediates were identified through LCMS.•4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol conversion in the presence of NaBH4 achieved 89.4%.
In this paper, the results of decolourisation of Reactive Orange 16 (RO 16), Reactive Blue 19 (RB 19) and Direct Red 28 (DR 28) textile dyes in aqueous solution by plasma needle are presented. ...Treatment time, feed gas flow rate (1, 4 and 8 dm3 min-1) and gas composition (Ar, Ar/O2) were optimized to achieve the best performance of the plasma treatment. An artificial neural network (ANN) was used for the prediction of parameters relevant for the decolourisation outcome. It was found that more than 95 % decolourisation could be achieved for all three dyes after plasma treatment, although the decolourisation of DR 28 was much slower than those of the other two dyes, which could be explained by the complexity of its molecular structure. It was concluded that the oxidation was very dependent on all three mentioned parameters. The ANN predicted the treatment time as the crucial factor for decolourisation performance of RO 16 and DR 28, while the Ar flow rate was the most relevant for RB 19 decolourisation. The obtained results suggest that the plasma needle is a promising tool for the oxidation of organic pollutants and that an ANN could be used for optimization of the treatment parameters to achieve high removal rates.
The screening of organisms capable of decoloring a textile effluent was performed using 4 fungi (F24= Aspergillus spp.., F48= Aspergillus spp.., F98= Aspergillus fumigatus, FTL01=Trametes lactinea) ...and 2 bacteria (T9 = Bacillus subtilis, T19 = Alcaligenes faecalis). These organisms were submitted to effluent decoloration assays in which the T. lactinea fungus demonstrated the greatest decoloration capacity (51.35%); thus, it was selected as a model organism for this study. The effect of pH, temperature and carbon sources on the effluent decoloration rate by T. lactinea was studied. The effluent decoloration by T. lactinea reached levels higher than 89.77%. Finally, acute toxicity assays on Artemia salina revealed that T. lactinea treatment reduced the toxicity of raw effluent.
Keywords: biodegradation, textile dyes, water treatment.
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