El Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos ha rechazado que el artículo 2 del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos (derecho a la vida) incluya un derecho a morir; en cambio, ha reconocido que el ...artículo 8 del mismo Convenio (derecho a la vida privada) comprende la autodeterminación de la persona sobre cómo y cuándo poner fin a su vida. Sin embargo, como explicamos en este trabajo, los presupuestos conceptuales en que apoya su interpretación del derecho a la vida privada son discutibles y, en consecuencia, es dudoso que este derecho sirva de fundamento, de “caballo de Troya”, para legitimar/legalizar la eutanasia (activa, particularmente).
El presente trabajo analiza la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos sobre la amplia temática del final de la vida. La jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, que ...tiene su leading-case en la conocida sentencia Pretty y que reconoce un amplio margen de apreciación en relación con estos temas, empieza a tomar en consideración no solo el art. 2 (derecho a la vida), sino también el art. 8 (calidad de vida), una disposición que protege el derecho a elegir cuándo y cómo morir. La jurisprudencia europea demuestra que se está produciendo un «cambio de perspectiva» en el análisis de las prácticas eutanásicas que, en caso de someterlas a examen, resultan conformes al derecho a la vida si su ejercicio se somete a limitaciones y a procedimientos que protejan a las personas vulnerables.
La jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos nos ofrece una importante doctrina sobre la libertad religiosa y también sobre la igualdad de género. En este trabajo, realizo un estudio ...sobre las principales sentencias con referencia especial al velo islámico, y otras cuestiones (el reconocimiento de matrimonios religiosos y la aplicación del derecho islámico). El análisis es desde la perspectiva de género. En algunos casos, veremos cómo el Tribunal Europeo no considera que exista discriminación; no obstante, sus resoluciones tienen consecuencias para el derecho de las mujeres.
The relevance of the research topic is due to the importance of human rights in a democratic society. Despite the fact that all natural human rights are important, the right to health care is ...practically in the forefront, because without its observance all other rights are leveled. Moreover, the relevance of the topic is even greater given the fact that for a long time the relevant law was not given due attention in law or in legal science. The right to health care is comprehensive and includes other human rights that derive from it. The existing case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) confirms the importance of the human right to health care. In its judgments, the Court emphasizes the importance of this right and reaffirms the need for States to monitor its observance. The aim of the study – analysis of international legal norms and standards, as well as the practice of the ECtHR in the context of the human right to health. The leading research method used in the article is the formal-legal method, the application of which provided an effective analysis of the legal framework of international law, national legislation of Ukraine, and the case law of the ECtHR. Which, in turn, allowed to determine the importance of human rights to health and places of relevant law in the practice of the ECtHR. The article analyzes the theoretical and legal approaches to understanding the right to health care and on this basis identifies the place of relevant law in the human rights system and its main determinants. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights is analyzed and the main articles of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), which the applicants applied for in violation of the right to health care, are identified. The analysis of the case law of the ECtHR provided an opportunity to identify existing shortcomings in the legislation of the member states. Based on this, it is possible to understand and distinguish ways to solve problems and methods for eliminating such violations in the future. The practical significance of the article lies in the analysis of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the separation of rights related to the right to protection of life, as well as the identification of the main determinants of the studied law.
Background: Constituent parts of the right to a fair trial, which presuppose the need for the existence of institutions in a state that are authorised to review and resolve legal conflicts and united ...by the concept of ‘a court established by law’, are identified and studied in this article. The study is based on the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, which outlines the criteria to which any institution authorised to administer justice must correspond. The aim of the study is to verify the Ukrainian laws that determine the principles of developing and functioning administrative courts in order to enshrine in their texts the requirements arising from the content of a legal formula for a ‘court established by law’.
Methods: In this article, the authors use the following special legal methods: conceptual-legal, comparative-legal, formal-legal, and others. For example, with the help of the formal-legal method, it was possible to analyse the current trends in the practice of national administrative courts in compliance with the proposed requirements.
Results and Conclusions: The article states that the operation of Ukrainian laws creates the right conditions for administrative courts to be perceived as institutions with ‘full jurisdiction’ in resolving public disputes of any kind. At the same time, the authors conclude that there are cases in which the courts violate the provisions of Art. 6 § 1 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950, despite the fact that such provisions have been implemented in the national administrative, procedural law.
El presente trabajo analiza la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos sobre la amplia temática del final de la vida. La jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, que ...tiene su leading-case en la conocida sentencia Pretty y que reconoce un amplio margen de apreciación en relación con estos temas, empieza a tomar en consideración no solo el art. 2 (derecho a la vida), sino también el art. 8 (calidad de vida), una disposición que protege el derecho a elegir cuándo y cómo morir.
La jurisprudencia europea demuestra que se está produciendo un «cambio de perspectiva» en el análisis de las prácticas eutanásicas que, en caso de someterlas a examen, resultan conformes al derecho a la vida si su ejercicio se somete a limitaciones y a procedimientos que protejan a las personas vulnerables.
This essay analyzes the contribution of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights to the broad theme of the end of life. Conventional jurisprudence, which has its leading-case in the well-known judgment Pretty and which recognizes a wide margin of appreciation in relation to these issues, begins to take into account only article 2 (right to life) now see in article 8 (quality of life) a provision that protects the right to choose when and how to die.
European jurisprudence demonstrates that there is a «change in perspective» in the analysis of euthanasic practices that, if submitted for examination, are in conformity
The proper resolution of applications for challenge (self-challenge) of a judge (investigative judge, court) is important for further criminal proceedings, as a judicial error in this matter may ...result in the violation of a person’s right to ‘lawful composition of the court’ or the right to defence, which is grounds for the cancellation of the court decision in the case and its referral to a new trial (Art. 412 of the CrPC), the violation of the principles of reasonable time terms, and the legal certainty (finality) of court decisions as part of the rule of law.
In judicial practice, proceedings on challenges belong to separate common proceedings, which usually end with a refusal to satisfy the challenge. Lawyers assess the institute of criminal proceedings of Ukraine as ineffective.
The purpose of the present study is to examine the grounds for challenge using the comparative method, so that views on their understanding are consistent in the professional environment and in judicial practice.
The article outlines the list of grounds for challenge of a judge (investigative judge, court) under the CrPC of Ukraine and presents their classification as unconditional and evaluative, which is crucial for the selection of methods of proof. The correlation between the national classification of grounds for challenge and the criteria for determining the impartiality of the court in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) is shown. The main focus is on the analysis of unconditional grounds for challenge according to the national classification, and their content is revealed in relation to the positions of the ECtHR.
It is substantiated that the grounds for challenge are not only circumstances that cast doubt on the impartiality of a judge (investigating judge, court) found in para. 6 of Chapter 3 of the CrPC of Ukraine ‘Challenge’, but also circumstances that indicate that the judge does not meet the requirements of ‘legal composition of the court’ (Part 2 of Art. 412 of the CrPC) or ‘Court established by law’ (in the wording of part 1 of Art. 6 of the ECHR) found in various structural parts of the CrPC and in the Law ‘On the Judiciary and the Status of Judges’. It is substantiated that the wording of Part 1 of Art. 76 of the CrPC of 14 January 2021 is not consistent with the principle of access to justice by an impartial court (Art. 21 of the CrPC) since the right to an impartial tribunal (part 1 of Art. 6 of the ECHR) creates a conflict with Chapter 18 of the CrPC on the procedure for election, change of precautionary measures, does not meet the requirements of legal certainty, and may be grounds for complaints to the ECtHR.
Partiendo de la doctrina constitucional que niega la existencia de un derecho fundamental a la vida familiar ex art. 18.1 CE protegible en amparo, coextenso al derecho al respeto a la vida familiar ...recogido en el art. 8.1 CEDH, el presente trabajo constata la existencia de excepciones en la doctrina, así como la progresiva penetración del derecho a la vida familiar en el recurso de amparo bajo la forma de parámetro de motivación de las resoluciones judiciales (art. 24.1 CE), y destaca el potencial de esta solución. Finalmente plantea si y en qué medida los efectos negativos de esta doctrina se ven atemperados por factores como la objetivación del recurso de amparo y la reforma legislativa que establece el cauce procesal para la reapertura del procedimiento, a resultas de condena por el TEDH.
The Spanish Constitutional Court states that there is not a fundamental right to family life protected by the amparo appeal, such as the right to respect for family life recognised in Article 8.1 European Convention on Human Rights. This paper focuses on the exceptions to the rule, as well as on the way the right to family life is used by constitutional judgments as a requirement of reasoning and the potential of this solution. Finally, it analyses the effect the Spanish law reforms of the amparo appeal and the legal procedure to execute the ECHR judgments could have in order to correctly measure the impact of this statement.
This article examines the key decision of 27 April 2012 issued by the European Court of Human Rights rejecting for the first time a case involving an enforced disappearance that began in 1936 in the ...context of the Spanish Civil War: the case Antonio Gutiérrez Dorado and Carmen Dorado Ortiz v. Spain. In this case, the Court confirmed not only the general applicability of the self-imposed limitations on the exercise of its jurisdiction (case of Silih v. Slovakia (GC) and Varnava and others v. Turkey (GC) but also the immediate and automatic application of such doctrine, which is all the more objectionable. As a consequence, the procedural obligation to investigate under article 2, correctly defined as an independent, autonomous and continuing obligation, at the substantive level will finally be dispossessed of its true meaning and consequences. Unlike previous as well as subsequent cases, the same reasoning was extended to the remainder of the alleged violations in issue, namely, article 3, thus resulting in the rejection of the application.
Este artículo analiza la trascendente decisión de 27 de marzo de 2012 por la que el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos inadmitió por vez primera un caso de desaparición forzada de personas que había comenzado en 1936 en el contexto de la Guerra Civil española: el caso Antonio Gutiérrez Dorado y Carmen Dorado Ortiz c. España. Con esta decisión, el Tribunal no sólo confirmó la vigencia de las limitaciones a su competencia que se auto-impuso en varios casos anteriores, sobre todo en ilih c. Eslovaquia (GS) y Varnava y otros c. Turquía (GS), sino lo que es más censurable, su aplicación inmediata y automática. En consecuencia, la obligación procesal de investigar (artículo 2), correctamente caracterizada como un deber autónomo, independiente y continuado, en lo sustantivo, terminará de nuevo y finalmente privada de su verdadero sentido y consecuencias. A diferencia de lo que ocurrió en casos anteriores, y también posteriores, los mismos razonamientos se extenderían al resto de violaciones alegadas, señaladamente a la del artículo 3, de tal suerte que la demanda sería completamente inadmitida.
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