Hormonal contraceptives contain estrogen and progesterone. Prolonged use causes a higher dose of the estrogen and progesterone hormones that can cause leucorrhoea or vaginal discharge. Analyzing and ...reviewing articles related to the relation between the use of hormonal contraceptive methods with the leucorrhoea occurrence. The literature review method used a systematic mapping study design. Literature sources were obtained from the Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Proquest databases with 6 years of publication. The literature collection strategy using PEOS was then selected to produce 10 articles that matched the research criteria. Of 10 articles that examined the type of hormonal family planning (KB) that were mostly used were 3 articles with injectable KB, 2 articles on pill KB, 2 articles on KB implants, and 3 articles that did not mention the type. There were 3 articles describe that both <1 year and >1 year duration of the usage can cause vaginal discharge. There were 7 articles with analytical tests, 4 articles (57%) stated that there was a relation between the use of hormonal contraceptive methods and the occurrence of vaginal discharge, while 3 articles (43%) stated that there was no relation between the use of hormonal contraceptive methods and the occurrence of vaginal discharge. There were 3 articles that did a descriptive analysis, it was found that contraceptive users who experienced vaginal discharge were more than 35%. The use of hormonal contraception can cause physiological vaginal discharge since the hormones progesterone and estrogen change the flora and pH of the vagina, besides that vaginal discharge occurs because personal hygiene is not correct
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•Rh-only catalyst has been shown to have the potential to improve CO and NOx conversions when as a downstream catalyst.•Rhodium and palladium differ significantly in terms of their ...activity towards N2O and NH3 formation.•Rh-only catalyst was shown to generate the highest amount of N2O and the Pd-only catalyst the highest amount of NH3.
With the increase in worldwide automobile usage and the tightening of associated emissions legislation, the total demand of PGMs for use in automotive emission control catalysts is growing. Reducing the amount of required PGM in automotive catalysts as well as maintaining or improving the associated catalytic performance is an area of significant focus. This work presents a comparative study of the catalytic activity of Pd-only, Pd/Rh and Rh-only catalyst systems with respect to CO, HC and NOx conversion. The Rh-only catalyst has been shown to have the potential to improve CO and NOx conversions when functioning as a downstream catalyst compared with a Pd/Rh catalyst as well as reducing the usage of precious metals. In addition the formation of the three way catalysis by-products N2O and NH3 in different catalyst systems was investigated. The temperature of N2O and NH3 formation was shown to correlate with NOx light off temperatures and to vary depending upon the catalyst system employed and ageing conditions. The Rh-only catalyst was shown to generate the highest amount of N2O and the Pd-only catalyst the highest amount of NH3.
This research method contributes to the literature by measuring commensurably ‘the usage of information for (or web traffic on) web-based research studies’. The introduced method deepens the ...understanding the functionality of online media by focusing on specific web metrics to make the usage of this type of media efficient for disclosure function. The inputs of new method are originally based on publicly available data, and it can be applied through 3 consecutive steps. Accordingly, this method is applicable to assess stakeholders’ engagement for any web-based research study. In sum, this method presents:•The inputs of the method are publicly available data.•This method is applicable for variety web-based research studies regardless of the applied methodological approach (e.g., qualitative, quantitative).
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I will argue that the cognitive-linguistic enterprise should step up its efforts to embrace the social and pragmatic dimensions of language. This claim will be derived from a survey of the premises ...and promise of the cognitive-linguistic approach to the study of language and be defended in more detail on logical and empirical grounds. Key elements of a usage-based emergentist socio-cognitive approach known as Entrenchment-and-Conventionalization Model (
,
) will be presented in order to demonstrate how social and pragmatic aspects can be integrated and operationalized in a cognitive-linguistic framework.
In this paper, we take a Construction Grammar approach to Du Bois' concept of resonance activation. We suggest that the structural mapping relations between juxtaposed utterances in discourse, ...described in terms of diagraphs in dialogic syntax, can acquire the status of
or locally entrenched form-meaning pairings within the boundaries of an ongoing conversation. We argue that the local emergence of these ad hoc constructions involves the same cognitive mechanism described for the abstraction of conventional grammatical constructions from usage patterns. Accordingly, we propose to broaden the scope of Construction Grammar to include not only symbolic units that are conventionalized in a larger speech community, but also a dimension of online syntax, i.e. the emergence of grammatical patterns at the micro-level of a single conversation. Drawing on dialogic data from political talk shows and parliamentary debates, we illustrate the spectrum of these ad hoc constructional routines and show their local productivity, which we take as an indication of their (micro-)entrenchment within a given conversation.
There is no explicit regulation in Turkish Code of Obligations regarding whether the purchaser rescinds a contract based upon defective goods shall pay the usage fee for the issues where general ...provisions are applied. The general view is that if the purchaser has obtained a benefit by using fruitless product, he/she is obliged to pay a usage fee within the scope of Turkish Code of Obligations Article 229/1 in return. The Court of Cassation decides on payment as the usage fee upon the right of rescission of the contract on the grounds of defective goods where general provisions are applied in terms of its consistent decisions. However, in the decision of the General Assembly of Civil Chambers of the Court of Cassation dated 22.06.2005, it is stated that the usage fee shall not be paid due to lack of a provision in Law on Protection of the Consumer regarding the payment of the fee by consumer, who rescinds the contract because of defective goods. This decision has led to different views in the doctrine whether to pay the fee of use in consumer transactions. The aim of the study is to address whether the consumer rescission of the contract due to defective goods in accordance with the Law no. 6502 on Protection of the Consumer has the obligation of payment for the usage fee. First of all, legal regulations are examined. Then, the obligation of paying the usage fee is explained with its justifications in terms of the European Union law. Finally, it is clarified how the usage fee should be calculated.
The pressure to reduce the environmental impacts of buildings over their lifetime has driven certification bodies and the government to require a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). However, LCA is a ...data-intensive and time-consuming process which complicates design activities, especially when performing a Whole Building LCA (WBLCA). Software tools can simplify the assessment by providing information more aligned with the users’ needs. This research surveyed 178 building designers who utilise WBLCA software as a decision-making tool. The aim was to identify patterns in the usage of the software and provide guidance to WBLCA software developers. For this purpose, statistical analyses identified the software preferences within each group of users, e.g., the users’ geographical location, professional background and years of WBLCA experience, among others. The results identified challenges faced by the construction industry, such as the need for more efficient communication among stakeholders. Therefore, attributes that allow designers to share information were rated as the most valuable. Two main groups of users were identified, and guidelines were drawn based on the profiles of the groups. Improving software support to designers will enable WBLCA to be integrated more efficiently with BPP by improving the users’ experience and their ability to make more informed decisions.
New Al–Mg–Sc alloys Filatov, Yu.A; Yelagin, V.I; Zakharov, V.V
Materials science & engineering. A, Structural materials : properties, microstructure and processing,
03/2000, Letnik:
280, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Data on new 01515, 01523, 01535, 01545, 01570 and 01571 wrought weldable alloys based on the Al–Mg–Sc system are presented. These alloys differ from each other, mainly, by magnesium content and ...belong to the family of non-heat-treatable alloys. Wrought Al–Mg–Sc alloy semiproducts as-hot worked or as-annealed show much higher properties (especially yield strength) than those made from conventional Al–Mg alloys with the same magnesium content. Strengthening relates to both direct strengthening effect of the secondary Al
3Sc particles and development of a stable nonrecrystallized structure. Of Al–Mg–Sc alloys, 01570 alloy containing about 6% Mg has found the widest application. Yield strength of hot worked or annealed 01570 alloy semiproducts is at a level of 300 MPa, while yield strength of semiproducts made from a similar scandium-free alloy is about 180 MPa. Prospects of the usage of the new alloys for production of various structures are discussed.
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