Milk-derived beverages are considered to be beneficial to not only health but also to dental tissue. However, the exact nature of the effect of these beverages should be studied to formulate an exact ...diet plan for a child so that only good effects can be obtained from a dietary derivative.
To evaluate and compare the surface roughness and microhardness of human enamel surface after exposure to different immersion regimes in milk-based beverages.
A total of 90 samples were prepared from caries-free premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes. The samples were then randomly divided into three groups based on the immersion beverage used
chocolate milk, sweet
, and soy milk. The immersion cycles were done for 7 days. After the immersions were complete, the samples were dried and subjected to microhardness and surface roughness testing.
The surface roughness of the exposed surface of enamel was found to be in the following order: sweet
(verka) > control > soya milk chocolate (sofit) > chocolate milk (Amul Kool Koko). The microhardness of the exposed surface of enamel was found to be in the following order: chocolate milk (Amul Kool Koko) > soya milk chocolate (sofit) > sweet
(verka) > control.
Ghavri T, Pathak A, Bajwa NK. Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Different Beverages on the Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Human Enamel Surface: An
Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(5):657-661.
Abstract
This study was conducted in Postharvest Lab of Faculty Sustainable Agriculture. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of hydro cooling time, storage temperature and storage ...duration on Saba banana. The hypothesis that has been tested in this experiment was is there a significant difference in the effect of hydro cooling time (CT), storage temperature (ST) and storage duration (SD) on Saba banana. The treatments used in this experiment were different hydro cooling times (0, ½ and 7/8); then Saba banana was stored at cold temperature (13±2°C), room temperature (26±2°C) and outside temperature (30±2°C) after hydro cooling for 3 weeks duration. The parameters that have been recorded in this study were weight loss, pulp firmness, skin colour, visual appearance, pH value, total soluble solid and total titratable acidity. The experimental design thatused for this study was Completely Randomised Design (CRD) with a factorial arrangement of treatments (3CoolingTime x 3Storage Temperature x 4 Storage Duration), with three replications and two fruits per treatment per replication. The results were analysed using SAS Version 9.1. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to get the variance among the treatments, storage temperatures and storage duration. LSD was performed to determine difference on the mean values. The results indicate that the cooling time has significantly affected the weight loss, pulp firmness, skin colour L*, skin colour C*, pH, total soluble solid and titratable acidity but it did not affect significantly on skin colour h° and visual appearance. Meanwhile the storage temperature affects significantly all the parameter except skin colour h° and all the parameters have significantly affected at all storage durations. Treatment combinations of cooling time and storage temperature were found to have significant interaction effects on visual appearance and titratable acidity only. The treatment combinations between cooling time and storage duration were found to have significant effect on weight loss, total soluble solid and titratable acidity. The treatment combination between storage temperature and storage duration were found to have significant effects on all the postharvest qualities except for the pH. The treatment combinations between cooling time, storage temperature and storage duration were found to have significant effect on skin colour L*, skin colour C*, visual appearance and titratable acidity. In conclusion, there is no any precooling time that can be suggested for the farmers to be used in their farm because precooling increases the weight loss and reduces visual appearance.
During an annual cycle, fruit trees go through developmental stages, characterised by a higher demand for some mineral elements, called critical periods, which coincide with the phenophases of bud ...opening and shoot initiation. Research on mineral nutrition in fruit growing has highlighted that the maximum consumption of nutrients is during the period of shoot growth, fruit development and differentiation of fruit buds. In apple, flowering is influenced more by the time of fertiliser application and the form of nitrogen than by the amount applied, as apple has high requirements for the element phosphorus in the phenophases of intense shoot growth and wood maturation. Fertilisation with NPK increased apple yield for both fertilisation treatments compared to the unfertilised control treatments. After applying 270 kg·ha⁻¹ NPK in the first year of the experiment, very significant production increases were obtained, 4.46t·ha⁻¹, with a content of 16% dry matter, 13.13°Brix soluble matter and a titratable acidity of 0.465 mg malic acid/100 g.
•PH 16 genotype exhibited better photosynthesis, accumulation of sugars, and lignin in full sun.•PH 16 and “Ipiranga” 01 genotypes showed higher dimensions of the fruits and the chemical quality of ...its almonds in full.•In winter, the C assimilation from “Ipiranga” 01 genotype was higher in 20% of PPFD.
Traditionally cultivated in the understory of tropical forests, the cultivation of Theobroma cacao in full sun is expanding. Under this irradiance, photosynthesis of some genotypes is stimulated in the juvenile stage. In adulthood, little is known about the effects of full sun on this physiological process, as well as on the antioxidant metabolism, fruit growth, and the chemical properties of its almonds, especially under the influence of precipitation and temperature variations. In this study, we analyzed gas exchange, chloroplast pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), and antioxidant compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, lignin, and sugars) in adult plants of the PH 16 and “Ipiranga” 01 genotypes, grown in a gradient of artificial solar irradiance (20–100% of photosynthetic photon flux density - PPFD). Analyses were performed in winter and summer. The dimensions of the fruits and almonds and the chemical quality of the almonds were also provided. Plants of the PH 16 genotype exhibited better photosynthetic performance, accumulation of sugars, and lignin when grown in full sun, during both seasons of the year. This response was repeated in the “Ipiranga” 01 genotypes only in the summer. In winter, the C assimilation from this genotype was higher in the severe shade (20% of PPFD). Higher contents of chloroplast pigments, flavonoids, and anthocyanins occurred in both genotypes in 20 and 50% PPFD. On the other hand, full sun increased the polyphenols, lignin, and sugars levels. The cultivation of genotypes PH 16 and “Ipiranga” 01 of T. cacao in full sun provided larger dimensions of fruits/almonds (fruit size, number of almonds per fruit, and dry mass of almonds) and higher chemical quality (pH, titratable acidity, and total fat) of its almonds. The results allowed us to conclude that the cultivation of genotypes PH 16 and “Ipiranga” 01 of T. cacao in full sun increased the physiological quality of the plants, the dimensions of the fruits/almonds, and the chemical properties of its almonds.
Global climate change has significantly impacted the production of various crops, particularly long-term fruit-bearing plants such as citrus. This study analyzed the fruit quality of 12 citrus ...orchards (Citrus Sinensis L.Osbeck cv. Bingtang) in a subtropical region in Yunnan, China from 2014 to 2022. The results indicated that high rainfall (>220 mm) and low cumulative temperature (<3150 °C) promoted increases in titratable acidity (>1.8 %) in young fruits. As the fruits further expanded (with a horizontal diameter increasing from 50 to 65 mm), excessive rainfall (300-400 mm), lower cumulative temperature (<2400 °C), and a reduced diurnal temperature range (<10 °C) hindered decreases in titratable acidity. Conversely, low rainfall (<220 mm), high cumulative temperature (>3150 °C), and a high diurnal temperature range (>14 °C) promoted the accumulation of soluble solids in young fruits (9 %) at 120 days after flowering (DAF). Furthermore, low rainfall (<100 mm) favored the accumulation of soluble solids (1.5 %) during fruit expansion (195-225DAF). To quantify the relationship between fruit acidity and climate variables at 120 DAF, we developed a regression model, which was further validated by actual measurements and accurately predicted fruit acidity in 2023. Our findings have the potential to assist citrus growers in optimizing cultivation techniques for the production of high-quality citrus under increasingly variable climatic conditions.
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•Combining nine years of observational data, clarify the impacts of climate changes on citrus fruit quality development.•Clarified the climate characteristics of high sugar and high acid years of citrus orchards.•Building a model to predict the fruit quality of young fruits response to climate change.
Introduction Strawberry is one of the most important small fruits in the world, which is cultivated as a perennial plant in temperate regions of the world. Ripe strawberry fruit contains compounds ...such as protein, fiber, sugars such as fructose, glucose, sucrose, organic acids, vitamins, minerals, as well as phenolic compounds and anthocyanins. The aim of this study was to investigate some hormonal treatments and magnetic field on some physiological and biochemical characteristics, shelf life and postharvest life of strawberry cv. Selva under temperature stress. Materials and Methods This experiment was performed as a split plot based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Physiological and biochemical characteristics were studied on several tissues of Selva strawberry cultivar under several different temperature treatments. The treatments were gibberellic acid at three levels of control, 50 and 100mg/l in the main plots, magnetic field at 3 levels of control, 10 and 20ms, in the subplots and temperature stress in three levels including 2, 8 and 20°C. It was done on strawberries in subplots. Healthy prepared strawberry fruits were subjected to magnetic treatments and then immersed in hormonal solutions for 2min and after drying, stored for 8 days in different refrigerators at temperatures according to research treatments. The samples were then removed from the refrigerator and transferred to a laboratory to measure various characteristics. The studied traits included: fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit moisture content, titratable acidity, fruit juice pH and vitamin C. Results and Discussion Results of analysis of variance showed that the simple and triple interactions of treatments on all studied traits were significant. Comparison of the mean triple interaction of gibberellic acid treatment × magnetic field × temperature showed that the highest amount of fruit weight (19.49g), the highest amount of fruit diameter (33.7mm), the highest fruit length (48.62mm), the highest fruit moisture (34.65%) was obtained in the treatment of 50mg/l gibberellic acid, ten Tesla magnetic field and a temperature of eight degrees Celsius. The lowest fruit weight of 10.65 g was obtained in the treatment of non-use of gibberellic acid, non-use of magnetic field and temperature of 20°C. The lowest fruit weight loss of 3.74% was obtained in the treatment of 50 mg/l gibberellic acid, 20 Tesla magnetic field and 2°C. The lowest fruit diameter of 21.52mm was obtained in the treatment of non-consumption of gibberellic acid, absence of magnetic field and temperature of 20°C. The lowest fruit length of 25.63 mm was obtained in the treatment of no gibberellic acid, no magnetic field and a temperature of 20°C. The lowest amount of titratable acidity (0.31%), the lowest pH of fruit juice (4.68) and the highest amount of vitamin C (34.92mg/100 ml) in the treatment of non-use of gibberellic acid, no use of field Magnetic and a temperature of 20°C were obtained. The lowest amount of vitamin C was equal to 20.5mg/100ml in the treatment of no use of gibberellic acid, no use of magnetic field and a temperature of 20°C.High concentrations of gibberellic acid have a beneficial effect on increasing cell division and fruit size. Gibberellic acid increases fruit size and weight due to its effect on increasing cell division in the early stages of fruit development and increasing cell size at late fruit ripening. Magnetic field also affects plant metabolic activity. Fruit volume includes fruit length. It decreases due to the magnetic field. Fruit weight showed a significant positive correlation with fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit moisture and vitamin C. In terms of the triple interaction of the research treatments, the best effective treatment for increasing the storage time of strawberries was the combined treatment of 50 mg/l gibberellic acid and ten Tesla magnetic field and a temperature of 8°C. Conclusion Fruit weight showed a significant positive correlation with fruit diameter, fruit height, fruit moisture and vitamin C. In terms of the triple interaction of the research treatments, the best effective treatment for increasing the storage time of strawberries was the combined treatment of 50 mg/l gibberellic acid and ten Tesla magnetic field at a temperature of 8°C.
Abstract
Effect of coating with calcium nitrate in three concentrations (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 wt%) on chemical and mechanical properties, and impact behaviour of two apple cultivars (Golden Delicious ...(GD) and Red Delicious (RD)) during time (0, 2, and 4 months) was studied. Moisture content, pH, titratable acidity, °Brix, organoleptic properties, modulus of elasticity (E), yield stress, yield strain, and toughness were measured. The effect of impact loads was determined by measuring bruise volume (BV) and bruise susceptibility (BS). The results showed that pH and °Brix significantly increased, while titratable acidity, E, yield strain, toughness, and BV decreased during storage time. As Ca(NO
3
)
2
concentration increased, titratable acidity, E, yield strain and yield stress increased and pH decreased (
P
< 0.05). Highest and lowest values for °Brix were observed in GD treated with 1.0% Ca(NO
3
)
2
after four months (13.31) and GD treated with 0.5% Ca(NO
3
)
2
at the first day (10.65), respectively. Maximum E was obtained in GD treated with 1.0% Ca(NO
3
)
2
on the first day (2130 kPa) and this sample also showed the lowest BS after four months of storage (2.82 mL J
−1
), while the uncoated GD had the highest BS on the first day (7.11 mL J
−1
).
The effect of chitosan on the physicochemical characteristics of Eksotika II papaya fruit stored at 12
±
1
°C and 85–90% relative humidity, was investigated. Chitosan provided an effective control in ...reducing weight loss, maintained firmness, delayed changes in the peel colour and soluble solids concentration during 5
weeks of storage. The titratable acidity declined throughout the storage period, though at a slower rate in the chitosan coated fruit as compared to the control. Sensory evaluation results also confirmed the efficacy of chitosan. Consequently, the internal gaseous concentrations of CO
2 and O
2 also proved the usefulness of chitosan. These findings suggest that chitosan can be used commercially for prolonging the storage life of Eksotika II papaya fruit.
Strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ) is grown during the winter months in subtropical southern Florida and must thrive in higher than average temperatures and limestone soils. This is the first ...strawberry cultivar trial in southern Florida to include ‘Florida Beauty’, ‘Florida Brilliance’, ‘Strawberry Festival’, ‘Florida Radiance’, ‘Sensation FL127’, and ‘Winterstar’. Overall, ‘Strawberry Festival’ and ‘Sensation FL127’ were the top yielding cultivars, with the highest average total yields of 0.7 and 0.8 kg/plant fresh fruit, respectively. ‘Sensation FL127’ had a 36% greater late-season marketable yield compared with ‘Strawberry Festival’. ‘Sensation FL127’ consistently had the greatest soluble solids content (7.6% to 8.7%). Overall, this study demonstrates significant differences in yield and fruit quality among the cultivars tested in southern Florida.
A trio of peach cultivars, Crimson Joy, Liberty Joy, and Rich Joy, have been recently released by the US Department of Agriculture breeding program at Byron, GA. They ripen at Byron in early to ...mid-June, late June to early July, and mid-July, respectively. Additional data on their fruit development are needed to understand the ripening process and optimize harvest timing. This study was designed to measure and compare characteristics of ripening fruit harvested weekly from the three Joy cultivars in two trial orchards. Fruit characteristics were significantly different among the three cultivars, the trial locations, and the harvest weeks. Difference in the five size-related characteristics (fruit weight, flesh weight, pit weight, and equatorial and polar diameters) and soluble solid content (SSC) were statistically significant among the three cultivars. ‘Crimson Joy’ had the smallest averages in the size-related characteristics and ‘Rich Joy’ fruit had the largest. ‘Liberty Joy’ had the firmest fruit and least juice volume and blush rating value at maturation. Trees in the commercial block produced larger fruit than those in the Byron research block. Differences among the harvests were statistically significant for all the fruit characteristics, suggesting that the peach fruit experienced dramatic changes as ripening progressed. The weights and diameters, juice volumes, and SSC continued to increase in the harvests although with reduced firmness. Correlation coefficients varied greatly between these fruit characteristics along with R 2 and P values. The highest positive correlations were observed among fruit weight, equatorial diameter, polar diameter, and flesh weight. Pit weight was positively correlated with them to a lesser extent. Firmness showed substantial negative correlations with several characteristics, including three weights, two diameters, juice volume, SSC, and blush rating value. SSC and titratable acidity were also negatively correlated. The data confirmed that peach fruit continued to size while ripening and should be useful to determine appropriate harvest timing, which could differ for commercial packing vs. roadside sales.
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