Įvadas. Vaikų emocinis reaktyvumas, viena iš temperamento dimensijų, išskiriamas kaip rizikos veiksnys emocinių, elgesio ir miego sunkumų raiškai. Vaikų naudojimasis ekranus turinčiais išmaniaisiais ...prietaisais yra labai paplitęs reiškinys ir taip pat siejamas su vaikų miego sunkumais. Siekiant labiau suprasti vaikų miego sunkumų priežastis dar trūksta tyrimų, kurie aiškintųsi miego sunkumų, temperamento ir tėvų taikomos tvarkos (miego ir naudojimosi ekranais) tarpusavio sąveikas. Šiotyrimo tikslas – įvertinti ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikų miego sunkumų ir tėvų taikomos tvarkos (miego ir naudojimosi ekranus turinčiais prietaisais) sąsajas, atsižvelgiant į emocinio reaktyvumo, kaip temperamento dimensijos, vaidmenį šiose sąsajose. Metodai. Šis tyrimas yra mokslinio tyrimo „Šiuolaikinės informacinės technologijos ir mažų vaikų sveikata“, vykdyto 2017–2018 m., dalis. Tyrime naudojami duomenys apie 876 vaikus nuo 2 iki 5 metų, šiuos duomenis apklausos būdu pateikė jų tėvai. Vaikų miego sunkumai ir emocinis reaktyvumas buvo vertinti naudojant Vaiko elgesio aprašą (CBCL/1½-5). Informaciją apie miego ir naudojimosi ekranus turinčiais prietaisais tvarką teikė tėvai, atsakydami į anketos klausimus.Rezultatai. Miego sunkumai siejasi su emociniu reaktyvumu ir miego bei ekranus turinčių prietaisų naudojimo tvarka. Vaikai, kurie neturi pastovios miego ir naudojimosi ekranus turinčiais prietaisais tvarkos, patiria didesnių miego sunkumų ir jų emocinis reaktyvumas yra labiau išreikštas. Regresinės analizės rezultatai rodo, kad emocinis reaktyvumas kartu su miego bei naudojimosi ekranus turinčiais prietaisais tvarka reikšmingai paaiškina nuo penktadalio iki trečdalio dvejų–penkerių metų vaikų miego sunkumų. Vis dėlto, atsižvelgiant į vaiko amžių, emocinio reaktyvumo ir tėvų taikomos tvarkos prognostinė reikšmė kinta – jie yra reikšmingi dvejų, trejų ir ketverių metų vaikų miego sunkumus nuspėjantys veiksniai, tačiau nepaaiškina penkerių metų vaikų miego sunkumų. Struktūrinių lygčių modeliavimas atskleidė, kad emocinis reaktyvumas tiesiogiai ir per tarpinius kintamuosius – tėvų taikomą miego ir naudojimosi ekranus turinčiais prietaisais tvarką – reikšmingai siejasi su vaikų miego sunkumais. Apibendrinimas. Analizuojant vaikų miego sunkumų ir tėvų taikomos miego ir naudojimosi ekranus turinčiais prietaisais tvarkos sąsajas, emocinį reaktyvumą galima traktuoti kaip rizikos veiksnį. Šie rezultatai yra reikšmingi siekiant atpažinti vaikus, turinčius didesnę miego sunkumų atsiradimo riziką ir yra svarbūs tuo, kad atskleidžia, jog net ir didesnį emocinį reaktyvumą turintiems vaikams tėvų palaikoma miego ir naudojimosi ekranus turinčiais prietaisais tvarka yra reikšmingas prevencinis vaikų miego sunkumų veiksnys.
Abstract
Introduction
This study aimed to assess parental sleep goals, comparing younger (12-23.9-month-olds) and older toddlers (24-35.9-month-olds) in consideration of developmental differences.
...Methods
Parents (98.0% mothers) of 401 toddlers (12–35 mos; M=22.49 mos; 49% male) in the US completed an online survey, including an abbreviated Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire and a list of 58 desired areas of change (DACs). There were 230 one-year-olds (1yos; M=17.42mos) and 171 two-year-olds (2yos; M=29.30mos), with no difference in parent age between groups (M=34.41 years).
Results
25.7% reported a perceived sleep-problem, whereas 94.8% indicated at least one sleep-related DAC. Parents of one- and two-year-olds reported similar rates of DAC for overnight sleep (58% vs. 49%), morning sleep (55% vs. 52%), and naps (70% vs. 64%), p>.05. Parents of 2yos, however, reported bedtime as a DAC at a higher rate (59% vs. 79%), p<.001. Twenty-five percent of specific bedtime DACs (n=8) were endorsed by ≥10% of parents. Parents endorsed falling asleep without an adult (17% of 1yos vs. 22% of 2yos) and falling asleep without nursing (10% vs. 9%) at similar rates, p>.05. Parents of two-year-olds were more likely to endorse: getting through bedtime routine quickly/easily without stalling (10% vs. 30%,), earlier bedtime (10% vs. 24%), falling asleep faster at bedtime (24% vs. 10%), falling asleep without a pacifier (11% vs. 19%), falling asleep faster while alone (8% vs. 16%), and falling asleep without stalling/making requests (3% vs. 18%), p<.05.
Conclusion
The majority of parents of toddlers endorsed a sleep-related desired area of change, with two-thirds wanting to change something about bedtime and naps, and over half wanting to change something about overnight and morning sleep. Parents of older toddlers (2yos) were more likely to desire changes at bedtime than parents of younger toddlers (1yos), especially related to stalling and discontinuing pacifier use. As toddlers age, bedtime problems are more likely. Health care providers should be aware of developmental changes, such as increased language and assertions of independence, that seem to mostly affect bedtime when addressing sleep issues in toddlers.
Support (if any)
Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA.
Background: For the first time, the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans include recommendations for infants and toddlers under 2 years old.Methods: We aimed to create a diet quality index ...based on a scoring system for ages 12 to 23.9 months, the Toddler Diet Quality Index (DQI), and evaluate its construct validity using 24-hour dietary recall data collected from a national sample of children from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016.Results: The mean (standard deviation) Toddler DQI was 49 out of 100 possible points indicating room for improvement. Toddlers consumed too little seafood, greens and beans, and plant proteins and too many refined grains and added sugars. Toddler DQI scores were higher among children who were ever breastfed, lived in households with higher incomes, and who were Hispanic.Conclusions: The Toddler DQI performed as expected and offers a measurement tool to assess the dietary quality of young children in accordance with federal nutrition guidelines. This is important for providing guidance that can be used to inform public health nutrition policies, programs, and practices to improve diets of young children.
Empirical research shows that adults' role in play with infant-toddlers is to provide children with play materials, observe from a distance, and control the surrounding dangers. An international ...trend to increase children's cognitive skills at a very early age has established a need to better understand toddler's conceptual learning and how this is supported by the joint play between toddlers and educators. This paper draws upon a cultural-historical perspective, and discusses the concept of play and pedagogical practices of a Conceptual PlayWorld approach to investigate how educators and toddlers generate a Conceptual PlayWorld that supports their conceptual learning and development. We argue that conceptual learning of children at a very young age should be promoted in our institutional practices as it might benefit future scientific learning at school. The educators' affective engagement is the key to developing a powerful collective play environment to strengthen children's conceptual thinking.
Background: High Food Responsiveness and low Satiety Responsiveness are two appetitive traits (ATs) previously associated with frequent feedings and larger meal size respectively in toddlers. They ...are measured using the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire for Toddlers, validated in a Mexican population. Little is known of the relationship between other ATs and general dietary patterns (DPs) in this age group. Methods: Data were collected cross-sectionally via telephone interviews with the main caregiver of 12 to 36 month-old toddlers, living in Mexico. Sociodemographic variables were collected and ATs were measured using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire for toddlers. Qualitative weekly food frequency questionnaires composed of 33 food groups were also collected. Means for each AT were calculated and DPs were obtained through principal component analysis. Spearman correlations were calculated between ATs and the identified scores for each participant's DPs. Results: Data were collected from caregivers of 158 toddlers ages 21.3 ± 7.0 months Female (47.5%); Male (52.5%). Three DPs were identified: 1) "Processed" included processed meats, refined grains, sugary drinks and fast foods; 2) "Healthy" included vegetables, fruits, legumes and eggs; and 3) "High Fat, Salt or Sugar (HFSS)" included industrialized sweet or salty cereals, snacks, sweets, desserts, industrialized fats and beef or pork. Positive associations between the "processed" DP and Food Fussiness r=0.245 (p=0.002) were found. The "Healthy" DP was positively associated with Enjoyment of Food r=0.256 (p=0.001), and inversely associated with Food Fussiness r=-0.187 (p=0.019). The "HFSS" DP was positively associated with Food Fussiness r=0.174 (p=0.029). Conclusions: Results show, fussy eaters appear to consume more processed foods containing DPs. Associations between ATs and DPs could support obesity prevention and management.
While several studies examine the relationship between screen time and dietary practices in children and teenagers, there is limited research in toddlers. This study evaluates the association between ...television (TV) exposure and dietary practices in 2-year-old children.
We conducted a cross-sectional, secondary data analysis from the Greenlight Intervention Study. Toddlers’ daily TV watching time, mealtime TV, and dietary practices were assessed by caregiver report at the 24-month well-child visit. Separate regression models were used and adjusted for sociodemographic/household characteristics and clinic site.
Five hundred and thirty-two toddlers were included (51% Latino; 30% non-Latino Black; 59% ≤$20,000 annual household income). Median daily TV watching time was 42 minutes (interquartile range: 25, 60); 25% reported the TV was “usually on” during mealtimes. After adjustment, toddlers who watched more TV daily had higher odds of consuming sugar-sweetened beverages, fast food, and more junk food; those watching less TV had higher odds of consuming more fruits/vegetables. Those with the TV “usually on” during mealtimes were more likely to consume sugar-sweetened beverages (aOR 3.72 95% confidence interval {CI} 2.16–6.43), fast food (aOR 2.83 95%CI 1.54–5.20), and more junk food (aOR 4.25 95%CI 2.71–6.65).
Among toddlers from primarily minoritized populations and of lower socioeconomic status, those who watched more TV daily and usually had the TV on during meals had significantly less healthy dietary practices, even after adjusting for known covariates. This study supports the current American Academy of Pediatrics screen time guidelines and underscores the importance of early counseling on general and mealtime TV.
Stunting is a serious public health problem, especially in children under five. The causes of stunting are complex and involve a variety of factors. However, parenting that does not pay attention to ...nutrition, health education, feeding practices, attention, stimulation, and access to health services has been identified as significant contributors. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 6-59 months. The research design is observational analytics using a case-control research design. The results showed an odds ratio (OR) value of 4.681, which means toddlers 6-59 years old with a significant parenting style will be at risk of stunting 4.68 times accompanied by a confidence interval of 95% (CI) (Cl 95%), obtained a Lower Limit (LL) value of 1.641 and Upper Limit (UL) 13.350. It can be concluded that parenting affects the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 6-59 months. Poor parenting in nutrition, health education, feeding practices, attention, stimulation, and access to health services can contribute to the risk of stunting in early childhood. Parents need to provide proper attention and support regarding nutrition, health, and stimulation of children to support optimal growth and development.
Background: Intake of overconsumed nutrients (added sugar and sodium), fruit juice, and sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) during complementary feeding contributes to the development of obesity. The ...2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommend the avoidance of added sugar, sodium, SSB, toddler drinks, and plant-based milk (PBM) for children <2, and delayed introduction of cows milk, and fruit juice (< 4oz) until >12 months. Our objective was to estimate the percentage of children in violation of the DGA. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of 148 healthy infants/ toddlers (9-16 months). Participants were grouped as infants (9-<12 months) or toddlers (>12-16 months). Dietary intake was collected from caregiver reported three 24-hour dietary recalls. The mean and range of added sugar and sodium intake are reported. The percentage of infants/toddlers consuming SSB, toddler drinks, PBM, consuming cows milk, and fruit juice is reported. Results: Added sugar was consumed by all but 2 participants and accounted for an average 5.98% of their total energy (kcal). The average intake of added sugar was 13.63 g/d (range: 0-53.62 g). Sodium was consumed by all participants with an average intake of 852 mg/d (range: 107-2886 mg). SSB, toddler drinks, and PBM were consumed by 1.35%, 3.38%, and 4.05% of all infants/toddlers in our study. It is recommended infants avoid consuming cows milk and fruit juice during first year of life, but we observed 7.89% and 9.21% of participants were in violation of this recommendation. As for toddlers, 72.60% consumed cows milk, 15.07% consumed fruit juice, and 4.11% of toddlers consumed >4 oz. of fruit juice. Conclusions: Overall, infants/toddlers consumed high amounts of added sugar and sodium. Even though only a small percentage of them did not meet the DGA guidelines for beverage consumption, almost 25% of them consumed fruit juice.
PDF
