"Ke qi 7–8" is one of main Lycium barbarum varieties planted in Ningxia, and its fruits (LB) and leaves (LBL) are regarded as a preferred source of bioactive chemicals. Recent studies have focused on ...different methods that affect the extraction rate of active compounds. In our study, biosurfactant extraction (BSE) method was reported to significantly increase the extraction efficiency of total phenols in LB and LBL which reached at 2.459 ± 0.006 mg GAE/g and 3.16 ± 0.010 mg CatE/g, respectively. BSE efficaciously augmented the clearance of ABTS˙+ and DPPH˙ with a rate of 1.223±0.001 mg/g and 1.585±0.001 mg/g in LB. According to HPLC-MS/MS, metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolite were at the top of KEGG pathways, which were related to TP and TF. As a result, BSE can be employed as an effective technique to extract flavonoids from LB and LBL, and our data offer practical value for the development and functional research of the phenolic active components of L. barbarum fruits and leaves.
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•Biosurfactant extraction (BSE) is the optimal way for total phenol (TP) extraction.•BSE was effective in improving the antioxidant potential of Lycium barbarum TP.•Biosynthesis of secondary metabolite pathways was linked to TP and antioxidants.•BSE can provide important theoretical and applied values for the extraction of TP.
•Physicochemical profile of thirty-three samples of stingless bee honey are reported.•Moisture, acidity and carbohydrate of stingless bee honeys differ of Apis mellifera.•Honey of stingless bees have ...remarkable antioxidant activity and total phenolic.•First reports of K, Na, Ca, Mg and Mn in honey of stingless bees.
This study investigates the physicochemical properties, majority minerals, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of stingless bee honey. Thirty-three samples from ten species were analyzed. The results show moisture as 23.1–43.5% (w/w), the electrical conductivity as 0.150–1.34mScm−1, the free acid as 16.2–139mEqkg−1, the pH as 3.33–6.56, the diastase activity as 4.34–49.6 in Göthe units, the insoluble solids as 55.2–76.1°Brix, the carbohydrates as 48.6–70.5% (w/w) sucrose and the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) was below the limit of quantitation (LOQ). The most abundant element in the samples was potassium followed by calcium sodium, magnesium and manganese. Stingless bee honeys possess relevant amounts of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, suggesting a source of natural antioxidants. The results show that there is great variability in the composition of honey from stingless bees of different species, predominantly flowering and geographical origin. However, it was not possible to identify the real factor influencing its features.
The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total phenolic compounds (TPC) of cocoa beans and chocolate produced from spontaneous and inoculated fermentations of different cocoa varieties were ...evaluated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as conventional methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), was used to determine TAC and TPC. Chocolate showed higher (p<0.05) TPC (47.17–57.16mgGAE/g) and TAC (1.66–2.33mMTE/g and 8.86–11.35mMTE/g as measured by DPPH and ABTS, respectively) than cocoa beans (6.30–26.05mgGAE/g, 0.24–1.17mMTE/g and 1.29–4.83mMTE/g for TPC, DPPH and ABTS, respectively). Partial least square (PLS) model for infrared data showed a good calibration coefficient (R2cal>0.94), indicating that the FTIR technique represents a fast and reliable tool to evaluate TPC and TAC in cocoa beans and chocolate.
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•Antioxidant capacity was evaluated in chocolate and cocoa beans from different variety.•Chocolates showed higher TPC and TAC than cocoa beans.•Chocolate produced by spontaneous fermentation of PH15 showed the lowest TPC and TAC.•Cocoa variety and yeast inoculation affect TPC and TAC of chocolate.•FTIR is a reliable tool to evaluate TPC and TAC in cocoa beans and chocolate.
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•Few studies have examined the effects of Ca nano-fertilizers on pomegranate fruit yield and quality.•Fruit yield and quality of pomegranate trees have been assessed after two sprays ...with different Ca formulations, including a nano-fertilizer and CaCl2.•Ca foliar fertilization had no effects on pomegranate yield and only small effects on fruit quality.•A positive effect of Ca fertilizers in decrease pomegranate fruit cracking was found.•Low doses of a Ca nano-fertilizer were better than high doses of CaCl2 in reducing pomegranate fruit cracking.
An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of foliar sprays of a calcium fertilizer containing nanoparticles (nano-Ca) and calcium chloride (CaCl2.2H2O) on the yield and quality of pomegranate fruits cv. Ardestani, during two consecutive years, 2014 and 2015. The nano-Ca fertilizer was sprayed at concentrations of 0.25 and 0.50g Ca L−1, and CaCl2.2H2O was used at concentrations of 1 and 2% (2.73 and 5.45g Ca L−1), with treatments being applied twice, first at full blooming and then one month later. Calcium foliar fertilization did not have significant effects on yield, number of fruits per tree and average fruit weight, whereas it increased fruit length only in the case of the CaCl2 1% treatment in the first season. The untreated trees in the orchard were moderately affected by fruit cracking, with 6–7% of the fruits being affected. Calcium foliar treatment with the nano-Ca fertilizer at 0.50g Ca L−1 and 1% CaCl2 (in the both seasons) and also 2% CaCl2 (only in the second season) decreased significantly fruit cracking when compared with the control treatment, resulting in increases in marketable fruit yield. Foliar sprays with CaCl2 1% increased TSS by 7.6% only in the second season. Moreover, foliar nano-Ca fertilization at 0.50g Ca L−1 led to minor decreases (approximately 1%) in total phenolics only in the first season. Other chemical properties, including titratable acidity, fruit maturity, total sugar, antioxidant activity and total anthocyanin contents were not affected by Ca foliar fertilization. Leaf analyses show that Ca foliar treatments increased leaf Ca concentrations in the first season, with the exception of the low dose of nano-fertilizer, whereas the leaf concentrations of N, P, K, Fe, Zn and Mn were unaffected. In summary, fertilization with a low (0.50g Ca L−1) Ca concentration in the form of a nano-Ca formulation resulted in similar decreases in pomegranate fruit cracking than those obtained with higher doses of CaCl2 (2.73 and 5.45g Ca L−1).
•Refined oil extraction units produce a highly pollutant effluent difficult to threat.•AOPs alone and combined were evaluated to reduce the oil extraction effluent impact.•Fenton’s process was the ...most efficient of AOPs used alone to threat the effluent.•Combination of Fenton’s and Ozone reaction achieve the best COD removal.•Fenton and ozone (pH 9) achieve the best phenolic content and toxicity reduction.
The olive mills are theoretically waste free plants, at the refined oil extraction units, a highly pollutant effluent is generated. In this work the performance of different AOPs in the same multiphase reactor was evaluated to minimize real oil extraction effluent environmental impact. In terms of COD removal, the combination of Fenton and Ozone reaction simultaneously, allows the highest reduction (58.5%) although the combination of Fenton followed by ozone at pH3 lead to a similar removal, about 54%. In what regards mineralization, Fenton peroxidation alone was the most efficient process leading to 53% of TOC removal. Fentońs process presents an interesting role in the effluent treatment. However, if one bears in mind phenolic content removal and toxicity abatement, the best results were obtained by Fenton peroxidation (pH 3) followed by ozonation (pH 9). The treatment processes selection should consider the target results as well as a suitable economic analysis.
•Great amount of phenolics was observed in Piper auritum and Porophyllum ruderale.•Little antioxidant activity was observed in the two types of dried plants.•The ethanol–water blend, used for ...extracting phenolics, was important.•Safrole was the main compound found in P. auritum.•No relationship was observed between antioxidant activity and total phenolics.
Extracts from fresh and dried samples of Mexican pepperleaf (Piper auritum Kunth) and “papalo” (Porophyllum ruderale) were obtained using a stirring or an ultrasound extraction system with five types of solvents (water, 50:50% v/v ethanol:water, 70:30% v/v ethanol:water, 85:15% v/v ethanol:1.5N HCl, and ethanol). Total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were evaluated with the phenol Folin Ciocalteu reagent and the ABTS method, respectively. Total phenolic compounds (PC), trolox (T), and ascorbic acid (AA), in the two herbs, were in the range of 6.79–68.03mg of galic acid (GA)/g dry solids (d.s.), 4.88–64.99mg of T/gd.s., and 5.31–49.84mgAA/gd.s., respectively. Extracts from fresh “papalo”, using ultrasound as the extraction system, had the highest amount of total phenolic compounds. The fresh pepperleaf extract, obtained using ultrasound as the extraction method contained the highest amount of antioxidant activity.
Food by-products have been used as source of bioactive compounds with health benefits. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction has been a valuable technology to obtain a diversity of ...bioactive compounds with the use of safer solvents. This research focused on the comparison of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihyperglycemic activities of SC-CO2 and conventional extracts obtained from black bean by-products. A Box-Behnken design was used to evaluate the effect of temperature, pressure, and co-solvent on the soyasaponins recovery. Total phenolic compounds (TPC) were quantified using Folin-Ciocalteu. Cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) and anti-inflammatory response via nitric oxide (NO) assay were evaluated in vitro. The antihyperglycemic activity was evaluated using digestive enzymes. The highest soyasaponin extraction yield was obtained at 70 °C, 10 MPa and 10% co-solvent. SC-CO2 extracts exhibited up to 74.7% of CAA, an inhibition of 93.0% NO, 25.1% α-amylase, 78.7% α-glucosidase and 82.33 ± 5.80 of TPC. SC-CO2 extraction resulted in a feasible technology to obtain high-value compounds from industrial by-products to treat hyperglycemic, oxidative stress and inflammation.
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•SC-CO2 mixed with co-solvent is a feasible technique to obtain rich soyasaponins extracts from black bean by-products.•Recovery of Ba (V) and αg soyasaponins from black bean by-product extracts is favored at 70°C, 10 MPa and 10% co-solvent.•Extraction at 55 °C, 10 MPa and 5% co-solvent showed the highest extraction selectivity of Ba (V) and αg soyasaponins.•SC-CO2 with co-solvent is a feasible technique to obtain extracts with a higher content of TPC from black bean by-products.•The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihyperglycemic activities were correlated with soyasaponin Ba (V), αg and TPC.
Raw beef patties were treated with either 450 ppm of Sodium metabisulphite (SMB), or Kakadu plum powder (KPP) (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%) or no additive (negative control) and stored under Modified ...Atmosphere Packaging at 4 ± 1 °C for 20 days. Lipid oxidation, microbial growth rate, pH, instrumental color, and surface myoglobin were studied. Total phenolic compounds (TPC) and vitamin C of the KPP were also measured. The TPC was 13.9 g GAE/ 100 g dry weight (DW) and for vitamin C, the L-AA (l-ascorbic acid) and DHAA (dehydroascorbic acid) were 12.05 g/100 g and 0.5 g/ 100 g DW, respectively. The experimental results indicated that lipid oxidation was significantly delayed throughout the storage period for KPP-treated samples compared to both the negative control and SMB-treated samples. KPP at levels of 0.2% and 0.4% in the raw beef patties were efficient in slowing down the microbial growth rate compared to the negative control; however, SMB had a higher antimicrobial activity. The pH, the redness as well as metmyoglobin formation in the raw beef patties were reduced by the inclusion of the KPP in treated samples. A correlation (r = −0.66) was noted between KPP treatments and lipid oxidation, but there was no correlation (r = −0.006) between KPP treatment and microbial growth. This study demonstrates that KPP could be used as natural preservative for shelf-life extension of raw beef patties.
•The effectiveness of Kakadu plum powder (KPP) as natural preservative in raw beef patties was evaluated.•KPP had greater antioxidant attributes compared to both Sodium metabisulphite and the negative control (NC)•KPP had marginally higher antimicrobial attributes compared to the NC.•Addition of KPP resulted in a strong negative correlation with lipid oxidation.
The brown marine alga Rugulopteryx okamurae (R. okamurae) has quickly spread through the Mediterranean coasts since it was firstly spotted in the area in 2015. This alien species has already ...colonized a great part of the Mediterranean western coasts and displaced the local biota, disrupting the natural and autochthonous marine ecosystem. Moreover, the related ‘green’ tides also provoke environmental problems ashore that need to be addressed. Comprehending the potential of this unwanted biomass could be of vital importance to lessen its ecological impact. In this study, the ashore R. okamurae was assessed for its potential as raw material for the extraction of reducing sugars and polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant capacities. The extraction process was evaluated and optimized using the response to surface methodology (RSM) combined with a modified Box-Behnken design. Initially, 2 key operational factors were identified as the most influential parameters (i.e. drying temperature and milling time). However, the type of solvent and the use of zeolite were included in the design as factors that potentially could have a significant impact on the process. The analyzed responses were the extraction yields for total phenolic compounds (TPC) and reducing sugars (RS). For the extraction of TPC the optimized methodology was based on the use of ethanol as solvent, a drying temperature of 60 °C and a zeolite-assisted milling time of 60 s, reaching a maximum yield of 15.33 ggallic acid kg−1. For the extraction of RS the optimized methodology was based on the use of water as solvent, a drying temperature of 100 °C and a zeolite-absence milling time of 50s, reaching a maximum yield of 10.42 gglucose kg−1.
•Extraction of R. okamurae compounds optimized via response surface methodology.•Aqueous extracts presented higher reducing sugar extraction yields.•Ethanol extracts presented higher total phenolic compound extraction yields.•Biomass drying temperature and milling time are the most influential factors.
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•Any of the biopolymer protected the freeze-dried orange puree phenolics and vitamin C.•Sample with modified starch enhanced the protection of the more labile carotenoids.•Gum Arabic ...and bamboo fiber most favored bioaccesibility of phenolics and vitamin C.
Dehydrated fruit puree may be a convenient way to promote the healthy consumption of fruit based foods. Drying carriers, highly used by the food industry to stabilize dried fruit products, may show a potential encapsulating capacity of the biocompounds, that could also limit their bioaccesibility. This study analyzed the impact of gum Arabic (GA), bamboo fiber (BF), native corn starch, starch substituted with octenylsuccinic groups, pea fiber, and maltodextrin on the in vitro bioaccessibility of vitamin C (VC), total phenols (TP), and β-carotene, as well as on the antioxidant capacity during the freeze-drying and in vitro digestion of an orange puree. Amongst the formulations studied, GA + BF was the most effective for phytochemicals protection of the freeze-dried orange puree during the intestinal stage of digestion, resulting in a higher TP and VC bioaccessibility (59% and 36%, respectively).
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