The concepts of management and organization are concepts that have existed throughout human history and are necessary for regular human life. Since people live in groups, management is needed to ...ensure the order of these groups, to establish a hierarchical structure, and to achieve goals and objectives. In order for these groups to reach their goals and objectives, someone (from within the group or outside of the group) needs to take a managing and guiding role. It is possible to state that these guides are leaders who can gather people around certain goals and objectives with their own beliefs and opinions, rather than being appointed by someone, who can influence and mobilize them. Therefore, the concept of leadership also emerges as a phenomenon that has existed in every period of history. For this reason, leadership styles and behaviors are important issues that need to be focused on, regardless of any field such as production, management, marketing, tourism, engineering. In this study, it is aimed to rank the recreational leadership factors of tourist guides in behavioral dimension according to their importance and to determine the most ideal organizational citizenship behavior model at this point. According to the results of the study, in which Entropy and Grey Incidence Analysis (GIA) methods were used, it was determined that the most important criterion in behavioral recreational leadership factors was “paternalistic leadership”, and the most ideal organizational citizenship model alternative criterion was "altruism". Therefore, it can be said that it would be more beneficial for the tourist guides, who constitute the sample group of the study, to exhibit leadership behavior at the paternalistic level and organizational citizenship behavior in the altruism dimension.
As storytelling influences consumer attitudes and opinions, conditioning the tourist experience by appealing to the imagination, this paper reviews the literature covering the analysis of 66 papers ...that focus on the storytelling of the visitor/tourist as the main subject. The article is divided into four main themes: (a) storytelling as a tool to attract tourists; (b) the role of the storyteller; (c) the tourist as a storyteller; and (d) what makes a good story. The Hoshin Kanri Matrix was used to showcase each of the main themes. Although storytelling has been widely used to attract tourists, it is crucial that tourist-based storytelling can be a credible substitute for destination-based storytelling, as empathy, authenticity and the emotional attachment of tourists as storytellers play an important role as “good stories,” transforming and co-creating their experiences that emerge from the interaction of tourists, residents, and intermediaries.
Paradise Blues is an unconventional history of the United States of America, an unusual travel guide that follows and renders visible the country’s paths of nature, history and civilisation. Christof ...Mauch is a leading German historian who has spent many years in the US and in this book he attempts, from a European perspective, to grasp the diversity of American culture and the transformation of its environments, combining travel reporting with nature writing, personal observation and philosophical reflection. Mauch seeks the familiar in unfamiliar places and the curious in places that seem common and well-known. The journey begins in tiny Wiseman, Alaska and the final portrait is of Portland, Oregon, famously America’s most sustainable city. In between, Mauch’s wanderings in space and time, his serendipitous and planned encounters with places and people, bring to light the tension and ambivalence in most Americans’ attitudes towards their often-perilous environment, the intertwining throughout history of valuation, conservation and destruction. Interactions between human beings and the environment have settled like sediment down the centuries and may be read in the present – in the form of landscapes and collective memory, in bodies of water and the earth’s strata, tree rings and human cells. One of Mauch’s dominant themes is that the grand hopes and bitter disappointments of the American paradise are not equally distributed – the blues is the voice of the dispossessed and disadvantaged; and here environmental injustice toward Black, Indigenous and other marginalised people is a recurring and haunting motif. This is a book of melancholia and hope – Mauch exposes the beauty, the imperilment, at times the wreckage, of the American environment. And he shows us that, more powerfully than abstract ideas, governmental edicts or technological forces, stories reveal the infinite discoveries to be made in humans’ relationship to nature – in beautiful landscapes where danger lurks as well as in visions and behaviours that change the world and ecosystems. Above all, stories demonstrate that where we come from and where we are going are intimately connected and therefore nothing has to remain as it is. The stories told in Paradise Blues demonstrate that vulnerabilities and pressures are almost always political constructions and, for that reason, it must be possible to deconstruct them.
This study was aimed at finding out the communication strategies on tourist guide professionalism in Lombok West Nusa Tenggara. The main research question raised in the study was “How the ...communication strategies were used by the tour guides in terms of being professional tourists guides ”. The research was categorized into a descriptive qualitative study where the researcher used purposive sampling with a specific subset of people to find out the exact criteria of respondents. The researcher adopted snowball techniques in describing and interpreting the role of self-presentation on tourist guide professionalism. There were five tourist guides on the bus tour in their videos recorder and questionnaires towards communication strategies of English speech manner regarding tourist guides’ professionalism. The sample was purposively taken by involving the guided cruise ship passenger tour at Lembar harbor. The result of the study found that the tourist guide’s professionalism with the role of self-presentation was positively related with the categories of self-promotion, Ingratiation, supplication, exemplification, and Intimidation. Further, it was found as well that the tourist guides professionalism performances were positively related to the role of communication strategies under five main categories. The study concluded that five communication strategies were used by the tourist guide those are (1) Paraphrase with various Subcategories Approximation, Word Coinage, and Circumlocution (2). Transfer with two elements: (a) Literal Translation (b) Language Switch (3). Appeal for Assistance. (4). Mime (5). Avoidance Strategy consists of two subcategories (a) Topic Avoidance and (b) Message Abandonment.
Oral proficiency is the core element of training courses for English tourist guides. This ability needs to be addressed in training program for English tourist guides. Cooperative learning method is ...widely used by educators as a teaching method, but rarely used to improve oral proficiency. A quasi-experimental design involving 60 participants was conducted to investigate and examine the effectiveness of cooperative learning method on the oral proficiency of learners in the English tourist guide training program. There were 30 learners in the control group and the experimental group, respectively. The experimental group adopted cooperative learning method, while the control group adopted traditional approach, in both of which pre-test and post-test were conducted. The results of the study showed that the impact of teaching with the cooperative learning method on the oral proficiency of learners of the training program for English tourist guides was higher than that of teaching with the traditional approach. The importance of the cooperative learning method in the training program for English tourist guides is highlighted as a reference for educational institutions.
Tourist guiding in South Africa is a sector of the tourism industry that is subject to regulation to acquire competence and skills to meet the guiding standards and to provide quality services to ...tourists. The research aims to explore the skill sets perceived by tourist guides as the most important in their professional practice to create a memorable tourist experience to ensure that skills perceived to be most important are considered during the guiding training course for present and future tourist guides to prepare them for both employment, long-life learning and enhance their performance to attain the highest level of customer satisfaction. This study made use of a descriptive quantitative research approach through an online survey research design to collect data. A non-random sample of 320 tourist guides was selected to participate in the study. Data from the online survey was coded into numerical representations and captured in Microsoft Excel. Descriptive statistics together with a confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyse and interpret the results. The results showed various skill sets perceived as the most important from the tourist guides' perspective, including honesty and reliability, ethical skills, time management, customer care skills, health and safety skills and communication skills.
This paper aims to evaluates different opinions to understand what tourist guides of South Africa would like to change about their guiding profession, addresses the challenges they face and what ...tourist guides should be expected to do. A non-random sample of 320 tourist guides was selected to participate in the study. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used in conjunction for this investigation. An online questionnaire on which open-ended questions were posed to respondents. These responses were then analysed using content analysis which revealed the changes or improvements the respondents would like to see in the guiding industry to solve challenges facing the guiding industry. Key issues emerged from the study include the demand from tourist guides to have their industry licensed and regulated, paid better salaries, have regular training and workshops, lastly policing of unregistered and illegal tourist guides. The findings of this research make a contribution to the discourse in the field of tourist guiding in South Africa and internationally. The results of this research, the first of its kind in South Africa and limited internationally support and extend existing knowledge, as well as contribute to the understanding of tourist guiding. This study may assist in enhancing the discourse around the development and amendment of regulatory frameworks governing the guiding industry.
When the structure and function processes of the tourism sector are examined, it can be seen the tourism actors who spend the most time with tourists are the tour guides. Therefore, the education and ...personal development of tourist guides should be well-qualified. This study examines the effects of social media on foreign language education which is an important field for tourist guide candidates. The study was designed according to the quantitative method and descriptive survey model. Within the scope of the study, 322 questionnaires sent to the tourist guide candidates and the data were evaluated in accordance with the analysis. It concludes tourist guide candidates spend a significant amount of time every day on social media. They declare the posts about foreign language learning on social media affect their perceptions. Based on the results of this study suggestions are made to tourist guide candidates.
In the body of research on the relationship between gesture and speech, some models propose they form an integrated system while others attribute gestures a compensatory role in communication. This ...study addresses the gesture-speech relationship by taking disfluency phenomena as a case study. Since it is part of a project aimed at designing virtual agents to be employed in museums, an analysis was performed on the communicative behavior of tourist guides. Results reveal that gesturing is more frequent during speech than pauses. Moreover, when comparing the types of gestures and types of pauses they co-occur with, non-communicative gestures (idles and manipulators) turn out to be more frequent than communicatively-meaningful gestures, which instead more often co-occur with speech. We discuss these findings as relevant for a theoretical model viewing speech and gesture as an integrated system.
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