Train-the-trainer (TTT) programs are frequently used to facilitate knowledge dissemination. However, little is known about the effectiveness of these programs. Therefore, we sought to assess the ...impact of TTT programs on learning and behavior of trainers for educating health and social professionals (trainees).
Guided by the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care, we conducted a systematic review. We searched 12 databases until April 2018 and extracted data according to the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome model. Population was defined as trainers delivering training program to health care professionals, and the intervention consists in any organized activity provided by a trainer. There were no restrictive comparators, and outcomes were knowledge, attitude, skill, confidence, commitment, and behavior of trainers. We estimated the pooled effect size and its 95% confidence interval using a random-effect model. We performed a narrative synthesis when meta-analysis was not possible.
Of 11,202 potentially eligible references, we identified 16 unique studies. Studies were mostly controlled before-and-after studies and covered a unique training intervention. Targeted trainers were mostly nurses (n = 10) and physicians (n = 5). The most frequent measured outcome was knowledge (n = 12). TTT programs demonstrated significant effect on knowledge (Standardized mean deviation = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.11-1.06; I2 = 90%; P < .01; 10 studies). No studies measured trainers' ability to deliver the training program.
TTT programs may improve the knowledge of trainers. However, the heterogeneity and small number of studies hamper our ability to draw conclusions that are more robust.
A graduação em Educação Física proporciona aos profissionais vasta área de atuação. Dentre elas a de personal trainer, que apresenta atributos específicos frente ao mercado de trabalho. Desta forma, ...buscou-se contextualizar as principais características da atuação do personal trainer, o que pode favorecer uma melhor análise do desenvolvimento de carreira deste profissional. De fato, o entendimento de tais características traz um olhar de como o profissional se encontra e se estabelece em seu ramo de atuação por uma perspectiva mercadológica. Pontos como a identificação de comportamentos profissionais e pessoais para que ocorra a manutenção e o seu reconhecimento podem proporcionar bases para uma possível antecipação e preparação de questões competitivas e de evolução sustentável.
Box trainers equipped with sensors may help in acquiring objective information about a trainee's performance while performing training tasks with real instruments. The main aim of this study is to ...investigate the added value of force parameters with respect to commonly used motion and time parameters such as path length, motion volume, and task time. Two new dynamic bimanual positioning tasks were developed that not only requiring adequate motion control but also appropriate force control successful completion. Force and motion data for these tasks were studied for three groups of participants with different experience levels in laparoscopy (i.e., 11 novices, 19 intermediates, and 12 experts). In total, 10 of the 13 parameters showed a significant difference between groups. When the data from the significant motion, time, and force parameters are used for classification, it is possible to identify the skills level of the participants with 100% accuracy. Furthermore, the force parameters of many individuals in the intermediate group exceeded the maximum values in the novice and expert group. The relatively high forces used by the intermediates argue for the inclusion of training and assessment of force application during tissue handling in future laparoscopic skills training programs.
The objective of this study was to analyze the relationships between simple and complex reaction times (RTs) with the physical activity performed weekly, the physical fitness and selective attention ...in children of the third cycle of primary education. Participants were 119 children aged between 10 and 12 years (
M
= 10.71;
SD
= 0.77). The instruments used for data collection were the D2 attention test to analyze selective attention, various tests of the Eurofit and ALPHA-Fitness Battery to evaluate the physical condition, a bioimpedanciometer Tanita TBF 300 to evaluate the body composition, and the FITLIGHT Trainer to measure the simple and complex RTs. The group that carried out more weekly physical activity used less time in simple (
p
< 0.05,
d
= −0.68, 95% CI −1.19, −0.17) and complex RT tests (
p
< 0.05,
d
= −0.63, 95% CI −1.14, −0.12). Also, the results showed that the simple RT was related in a significant way with physical fitness, while the complex RT was related significantly to attentional capacity and physical fitness.
Programmable logic controllers (PLC) devices play an important role in automation systems; therefore, technicians must have adequate training with these devices. If a student wants to learn about ...PLCs, they will find two problems. First, training programs are expensive, and second, PLC modules are not suitable for gaining hands-on skills. This study proposes the implementation and validation of a less expensive PLC module that is accessible to students interested in learning about this technology. Two prototypes were developed using a PIC16F877 and an ATMEGA328P microcontroller. This study describes the enhancement made in the second prototype over the first prototype. Finally, a comparison test between the two prototypes and two commercial PLCs is demonstrated. A MyRIO programmed as a data logger monitored the PLC operation for 12h. The program recorded the response time of the PLC output each time a 24 volts signal was sent to its input. The results show that commercial PLC has a fast and more stable response time. Nevertheless, the developed modules proved to work effectively for 12h, demonstrating their efficiency for training.
This review aimed to identify the post-graduation training pathways available for both clinicians and trainers in the assessment and diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The study was guided ...by two research questions: What is known about ASD-specific educational, training, or other pathways available to support clinicians of any discipline, post-graduation, to meet the required expertise relevant to assessments of ASD concerns? What is known about the educational pathways available to clinicians seeking to provide training to other clinicians, post-graduation, in the assessment of ASD concerns? A scoping review was undertaken with searches completed across five databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycEXTRA, ERIC and CINAHL). A Google search strategy was also executed using the "advanced" search function. Eligible records were literature, written in English, that examined post-graduation training and/ or education of clinicians to assess and/ or diagnose ASD. Fourteen relevant records were identified. Post-graduate training has the potential to enhance clinician confidence and service provision in ASD assessment and diagnosis. System-wide training approaches show promise in building large-scale, diagnostic capacity and the use of tele-mentoring offers a cost-effective, convenient mode of training delivery. A lack of evidence to support ASD diagnostic training pathways was found and may pose a challenge for clinicians and service users. The limited evidence found suggests that high quality research will be fundamental in determining how to build clinician capacity in ASD assessment and diagnosis and to ascertain whether training pathways are a necessary component.
Mata kuliah robotika merupakan salah satu mata kuliah wajib yang ada di Prodi Teknik Informatika Universitas Islam Makassar. Proses pembelajaran pada mata kuliah robotika berupa teori yang tidak ...diimplementasikan dengan alat peraga robotika, sehingga pemahaman pembelajaran robotika masih dikategorikan rendah. Tujuan penelitian menerapkan trainer kit berbasis arduino sebagai media pembelajara mata kuliah robotika guna memudahkan mahasiswa dan dosen dalam mengaplikasikan materi perkuliahan robotika. Metode penelitian Research and development (RD) dengan prosedur pengembangan mengacu pada model ADDIE yang bertujuan mengetahui unjuk kerja serta tingkat kelayakan trainer sebagai media pembelajaran. Hasil pengujian trainer ini terdiri dari beberapa komponen seperti arduino sebagai alat pengendali, sensor ultrasonik sebagai input pendeteksi jarak suatu objek, Motor DC sebagai output penggerak yang memiliki rotasi 3600, motor servo dengan rotasi putaran aksimal sebesar 1800 sebagai sendi penggerak dari robot arm LCD 16x2 sebagai output yang menampilkan teks, push button sebagai pengontrol suatu kondisi, joystik sebagai remot penggerak dari robot arm, dan Step down DC sebagai penyuplai tegangan dengan besaran 5 volt dan 12 volt, semua komponen dikemas dalam Box Aluminium dilengkapi dengan kabel USB yang berfungsi untuk mengirimkan program, serta adapter yang berfungsi sebagai power supply pada perangkat arduino uno. Hasil validasi uji coba pemakaian oleh dosen ahli memperoleh persentase sebesar 93,7% pada aspek edukatif, 87,5% pada aspek teknis, dan 85% pada aspek estetika. Kesimpulan media pembelajaran berupa trainet kit dapat dikategorikan sangat layak digunakan sebagai alat penunjang pembelajaran pada mata kuliah robotika teknik informatika universitas islam Makassar.
Job competition is getting tougher after the implementation of the ASEAN Economic Community. Prospective workers are required to have competence at work and be skilled at communicating using ...international languages, especially English. Based on the results of the questionnaire on 100 data samples using google form, there are as many as 50% having difficulty when interviewing using English. So this study is proposed to improve English pronunciation skills during job interviews. Android Trainer is self-training using the Android Platform. It is designed using Google Speech API and Speech Recognition Technology. It is displayed using Audio Visual and the development method uses the Prototype method. The result of this research is the Android Trainer which is a smart solution to make it easier to practice independently at any time. So that it can improve English pronunciation skills. This is useful when going through the interview process using English at various types of companies during the employee recruitment process.
Sensory augmentation has been shown to improve postural stability during real-time balance applications. Limited long-term controlled studies have examined retention of balance improvements in ...healthy older adults after training with sensory augmentation has ceased. This pilot study aimed to assess the efficacy of long-term balance training with and without sensory augmentation among community-dwelling healthy older adults.
Twelve participants (four males, eight females; 75.6 ± 4.9 yrs) were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 6) or control group (n = 6). Participants trained in their homes for eight weeks, completing three 45-min exercise sessions per week using smart phone balance trainers that provided written, graphic, and video guidance, and monitored trunk sway. During each session, participants performed six repetitions of six exercises selected from five categories (static standing, compliant surface standing, weight shifting, modified center of gravity, and gait). The experimental group received vibrotactile sensory augmentation for four of the six repetitions per exercise via the smart phone balance trainers, while the control group performed exercises without sensory augmentation. The smart phone balance trainers sent exercise performance data to a physical therapist, who recommended exercises on a weekly basis. Balance performance was assessed using a battery of clinical balance tests (Activity Balance Confidence Scale, Sensory Organization Test, Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test, Five Times Sit to Stand Test, Four Square Step Test, Functional Reach Test, Gait Speed Test, Timed Up and Go, and Timed Up and Go with Cognitive Task) before training, after four weeks of training, and after eight weeks of training.
Participants in the experimental group were able to use vibrotactile sensory augmentation independently in their homes. After training, the experimental group had significantly greater improvements in Sensory Organization Test and Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test scores than the control group. Significant improvement was also observed for Five Times Sit to Stand Test duration within the experimental group, but not in the control group. No significant improvements between the two groups were observed in the remaining clinical outcome measures.
The findings of this study support the use of sensory augmentation devices by community-dwelling healthy older adults as balance rehabilitation tools, and indicate feasibility of telerehabilitation therapy with reduced input from clinicians.
To compare the SimSpine (indigenously developed, low-cost model) and EasyGO! (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) systems for simulation of endoscopic discectomy.
Twelve neurosurgery residents, 6 in ...postgraduate years 1–4 or equivalent (junior) and 6 in postgraduate years 5–6 or equivalent (senior), were randomly allocated (1:1) to either EasyGO! or SimSpine endoscopic visualization systems for endoscopic lumbar discectomy simulation on the same physical simulator. After the first exercise, the participants switched over to the other system, and the exercise was repeated. Time taken to dock the system, time to reach annulus, time required for task completion, dural violation, and volume of disc material removed were used for calculating objective efficiency score. Subjective scoring (Neurosurgery Education and Training School NETS criteria) was performed by 4 blinded mentors based on recorded video on 2 separate occasions 2 weeks apart. Cumulative score was calculated based on efficiency and Neurosurgery Education and Training School scores.
Performance metrics were similar across the 2 platforms, regardless of participant seniority (P > 0.05). Time to reach disc space and discectomy time improved for both EasyGO! (P = 0.07 and P = 0.03, respectively) and SimSpine (P = 0.01 and P = 0.04, respectively) between first and second exercises. Efficiency and cumulative scores were better (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03 respectively) when EasyGO! was used as the first device compared with SimSpine.
SimSpine is a cost-effective viable alternative to EasyGO for endoscopic lumbar discectomy simulation-based training.
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