A new partnership project aims to create a guide to decoloniality for use in Ukraine, the UK and globally. Decoloniality – a developing practice in the UK and elsewhere – is essential for the ...long-term protection of cultural heritage in Ukraine and other countries impacted by Russian colonial rule. By encouraging readers to question long-held assumptions about Russia’s role as a colonizing power, the guide will act as a tool for specialists and non-specialists struggling to accurately identify and describe cultural heritage from Eastern Europe. At the time of writing, planning for this pilot project is at an early stage, but the guide is envisaged as a much-needed step towards enhancing global perspectives on the rich cultural heritage of this often misunderstood and underrepresented region. This paper focuses on two key challenges we face in embarking on this one-year project: concepts of nationality in a region with historically shifting borders and issues surrounding language, terminology and transliteration.
Neural machine translation (NMT) is a popular machine translation method due to its contextual analyzing ability and end-to-end process flexibility. However, NMT suffers poor translation quality in ...low-resource contexts, particularly for diverse language pairs. To overcome this issue, multimodal concept has been introduced in NMT, wherein leverage information from different modalities like image or speech in addition to text to enhance automatic translation quality. In this paper, we have investigated multimodal NMT for a low-resource language diverse pair, English-Assamese, by addressing data scarcity and word-order divergence issues. To tackle such issues, a transliteration-based phrase augmentation approach is proposed, that leverages the sub-word level tokens sharing among source-target sequences in the training process via transliteration and provides more word alignment information by the addition of phrase pairs. Also, the relevant image features corresponding to the phrase pairs are augmented by considering a filtering step. With the proposed approach, state-of-the-art multimodal NMT results are attained for both directions of English-Assamese pair translation.
Arabic natural language processing: An overview Guellil, Imane; Saâdane, Houda; Azouaou, Faical ...
Journal of King Saud University. Computer and information sciences,
06/2021, Letnik:
33, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Arabic is recognised as the 4th most used language of the Internet. Arabic has three main varieties: (1) classical Arabic (CA), (2) Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), (3) Arabic Dialect (AD). MSA and AD ...could be written either in Arabic or in Roman script (Arabizi), which corresponds to Arabic written with Latin letters, numerals and punctuation. Due to the complexity of this language and the number of corresponding challenges for NLP, many surveys have been conducted, in order to synthesise the work done on Arabic. However these surveys principally focus on two varieties of Arabic (MSA and AD, written in Arabic letters only), they are slightly old (no such survey since 2015) and therefore do not cover recent resources and tools. To bridge the gap, we propose a survey focusing on 90 recent research papers (74% of which were published after 2015). Our study presents and classifies the work done on the three varieties of Arabic, by concentrating on both Arabic and Arabizi, and associates each work to its publicly available resources whenever available.
In responding to my Art+Faith: A Theology of Making, many have correctly, as Ms. Kresser has done, connected my "slow art" to the pre-industrial mode of creating handmade objects, and to interpret my ...book as a call to move against the industrial path of utilitarian pragmatism.1 The return to "handmade culture" of the pre-industrial time can be an antidote to such a dehumanizing force of modem times. ...it may be important to emphasize that I am pro-science and technology, was one of the first artists to have a website in the mid-90s, and had an active Twitter feed as early as 2009. 2 N. T. Wright, introduction to Art + Faith: A Theology of Making (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2021), ix. 3 My transliteration of the Greek term kainos as in, "In Christ, you are a New (kainos) Creation."
In today’s global scenario, frequent international and domestic interactions necessitate the application of Machine Transliteration and Translation systems to overcome the language barrier. This ...paper presents a review of Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques like Machine Translation (MT) and Machine Transliteration (MTn), along with providing an analytical study of evaluation metrics such as BLEU (BiLingual Evaluation Understudy) score and discussing datasets available for MT and MTn systems in Indian languages. This paper is unique in providing a detailed review of all steps involved in the NLP system development pipeline, from the creation and collection of data to the development of the system, and furthermore, the evaluation and analysis of the system. It also comments on the validity and viability of various evaluation metrics for Indian languages. MT and MTn systems are an evolving field of computational linguistics and are considered to be incredibly challenging to develop. The lack of readily available grammatical rules, the distinction between proper and common nouns, and large datasets, along with additional linguistic complexity compared to many other languages, makes developing such systems for Indian languages even more complicated. It explores different approaches like statistics oriented, example oriented, and neural network-oriented MT techniques implied in MT tasks, along with providing insight into the work carried out so far for Indian languages. The review also discusses the scope for future research in this field. This article determines the current status of available datasets, MT and MTn systems, along with commenting on the validity of currently available evaluation metrics like BLEU for Indian languages. The article also provides a direction in which further research for Indian languages should ideally be headed.
The Nogais are a Turkic people who have experienced the largest number of exiles and genocides in history. Therefore, their language, cultural heritage, history and ethnography have not been widely ...studied. The frequent change of writing graphics led to serious errors in transliteration and translation. Learning the Nogai language does not necessarily mean a correct understanding of oral texts written in this language. If we consider that these texts are closely connected with history or were spoken during historical events, expressing the concerns of the people, then these linguistic events represent a serious problem that can alienate a nation from its roots. Thus, we discussed here the general language problems that arise when translating texts from Nogai, as well as the laws of the Nogai language and mutual words with the Azerbaijani language. At the end, we tried to give general information about the language by providing some Nogai words with their translation in the form of a dictionary.
DREAM : A project about non-Latin script data Fallerini, Antonella; Galeffi, Agnese; Vallania, Mattia ...
JLIS.it : Italian journal of library and information science,
03/2022, Letnik:
13, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The DREAM project is a large research project founded by Sapienza University of Rome, dealing with bibliographic data in non-Latin scripts. As the National Bibliographic Service catalogue (SBN) does ...not yet manage data in non-Latin scripts, the aim of DREAM is to offer researchers a catalogue searchable through original scripts (such as Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, etc.). One of the most remarkable features of the project is the creation of an ILS-independent working context in which the cataloguer may find and retrieve data in original script from authoritative catalogues, starting from the existing romanized ones. From a technical standpoint, the ever increasing Unicode support offered by modern operating systems, DBMSs and indexing engines makes the rapid development of the relevant software tools a concrete possibility.This in turn implies a shift in scientific focus towards the (often subtle) record linkage operations between different data sources. The authors hope that the DREAM project will gather the adhesion of other Italian libraries that perceive the same needs. Furthermore, as soon as SBN will support the management of data in non-Latin scripts, the DREAM project partners will be able to contribute with their data. Publisher's text.
The focus of this study is to discuss some deviations and innovations basic school pupils in the Bono and Ahafo regions of Ghana use in their classrooms and how these deviations are applied to their ...communication in the classroom. A descriptive survey design was adopted to help achieve these objectives. A qualitative approach was adopted to help explain the study better. A total population of 9,219 pupils and a sample size of 400 pupils were observed for the study. The findings of the study revealed that in the area of phonology, pupils replace the inter-dental fricative /ð/ with a voiced alveolar stop /d/. They also used the voiceless dental fricative /θ/ in place of /t/ a voiceless alveolar in their speech. Again, most pupils also use the trill /r/ in place of the /l/ sound both in writing and articulation. Under semantics, pupils usually transliterate statements from their L1 into the target language (English) and tend to use hyperbole for emphasis. Furthermore, over-generalization of syntactic rules was found as one of the innovations pupils make in classroom communication. Spelling pronunciation was also found as part of the innovations basic school pupils use in classroom communication.
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