Trust in Automation Hoff, Kevin Anthony; Bashir, Masooda
Human factors,
05/2015, Letnik:
57, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Objective:
We systematically review recent empirical research on factors that influence trust in automation to present a three-layered trust model that synthesizes existing knowledge.
Background:
...Much of the existing research on factors that guide human-automation interaction is centered around trust, a variable that often determines the willingness of human operators to rely on automation. Studies have utilized a variety of different automated systems in diverse experimental paradigms to identify factors that impact operators’ trust.
Method:
We performed a systematic review of empirical research on trust in automation from January 2002 to June 2013. Papers were deemed eligible only if they reported the results of a human-subjects experiment in which humans interacted with an automated system in order to achieve a goal. Additionally, a relationship between trust (or a trust-related behavior) and another variable had to be measured. All together, 101 total papers, containing 127 eligible studies, were included in the review.
Results:
Our analysis revealed three layers of variability in human–automation trust (dispositional trust, situational trust, and learned trust), which we organize into a model. We propose design recommendations for creating trustworthy automation and identify environmental conditions that can affect the strength of the relationship between trust and reliance. Future research directions are also discussed for each layer of trust.
Conclusion:
Our three-layered trust model provides a new lens for conceptualizing the variability of trust in automation. Its structure can be applied to help guide future research and develop training interventions and design procedures that encourage appropriate trust.
Despite recent attention to trust, comparatively little is known about distrust as distinct from trust. In this paper, we drew on case study data of a reorganized court of law, where intergroup ...distrust had grown between judges and administrators, to develop a dynamic theory of distrust. We used insights from the literatures on distrust, conflict escalation, and professional–organization relations to guide the analysis of our case data. Our research is consistent with insights on distrust previously postulated, but we were able to extend and make more precise the perceptions and behaviors that make up the elements of the self-amplifying cycle of distrust development, how these elements are related, and the mechanisms of amplification that drive the cycle. To help guide and focus future research, we modeled the process by which distrust emerges and develops, and we drew inferences on how it can be repaired.
The novel paradigm Social Internet of Things (SIoT) improves the network navigability, identifies suitable service providers, and addresses scalability concerns. Ensuring trustworthy collaborations ...among devices is a key aspect in SIoT and can be realized through trust recommendations. However, the outcome of trust recommendations depends on multiple factors related to the context-dependent nature of SIoT and practical constraints brought by the devices and networks embedded in the SIoT. While the existing literature has proposed numerous trust recommendation models to assess the trustworthiness of devices in various scenarios, researchers have not sufficiently examined the required features for trust recommendations in the SIoT. Consequently, trust recommendation models may inaccurately assess the true risk of device interactions. In this literature survey, we investigate the context-dependent features and recommendation methods used for the SIoT using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. We propose a novel taxonomy to categorize trust recommendation models according to their input features and design. Our findings reveal limited attention is given to the context-dependent features, constraints of the information environment, and limited inference capabilities that impede more precise trust recommendations. Finally, we present the research gaps and outline future directions to enable trustworthy inter-domain operations within the SIoT.
Technology acceptance research has shown that trust is an important factor fostering use of information systems (IS). As a result, numerous IS researchers have studied factors that build trust in IS. ...However, IS research on trust has mainly focused on the trust relationship between the user and the IS itself, largely neglecting that other targets of trust might also drive IS use from a user's point of view. Accordingly, we investigate the importance of different targets of trust in IS use. Therefore, we use the concept of a network of trust and identify four different targets of trust that are prevalent from a user's point of view. Afterwards, we develop our research model and evaluate it using a free simulation experiment. The results show that multiple targets of trust are important in the context of IS use. In particular, we highlight the importance of a second target - trust in the provider - which is equally important as trust in the IS itself. Consequently, IS providers should focus not only on fostering users' trust in their IS but also on positioning themselves as trustworthy providers. In addition, we show that a third target - trust in the Internet - has significant indirect effects on multiple constructs that impact IS use.
This research tests a multistage model of trust in business-to-business (B2B) relationships. The model contains three forms of trust, each with unique drivers and consequences for buyer–supplier ...relationships. An exploratory qualitative study (N=38) and four quantitative studies (NTotal=616) validate the distinct stages (N1=140, N2=144, N3=152) and provide an overall test of the model (N4=180), using structural equation modeling techniques. The results support the proposed modeling of the stages and highlight a positive effect of reputation on calculative trust. Conflict resolution, communication, and sympathy positively affect cognitive trust. However, shared values do not significantly drive affective trust. Interdependence also exists among the three trust forms, both directly and indirectly. That is, calculative trust does not affect investments in relationship or confidential communication, but cognitive trust influences these constructs indirectly, through the mediation of affective trust. Affective trust also leads directly to greater investments in relationship and generates additional confidential communication.
•A positive effect of reputation on calculative trust in the exploration stage.•Conflict resolution, communication, and sympathy positively affect cognitive trust in the expansion stage.•Shared values do not significantly drive affective trust in the maintenance stage.•Cognitive trust affects investment in the relationship and confidential communication, via affective trust. No effect of calculative trust.•Only affective trust leads directly to greater investment in the relationship, and also generates additional confidential communication.
It is revealed the role of trust in designing the forms and content of modern social work in the community, which corresponds to actual social order. It has been shown that social work in the ...community through its day-to-day practices is endowed with a resource of transformation of interpersonal trust into institutional forms of social trust, and thus is aimed at solving complex social problems caused by the uncertainty of the future in a postmodern society that is transforming and undergoing a multi-level crisis. In the interdisciplinary scientific discourse, the phenomenon of trust "intertwines" in the subject of social capital and social well-being as a component, condition and consequence. It is argued that united (from the “bridging”) social capital enables the mobilization of additional resources of human relations on the basis of trust and connections, that is, the increase of social capital of the community strengthens it, ensuring the cohesion of people in the community. It is emphasized that the larger the radius of trust (the circle of individuals or social groups who make up a single system of trust relations), the more powerful is the social capital of the community. There are presented the results of the analysis of the content of group discussions and divided reflections around the phenomenological meanings of trust and factors, which influence on the establishment of trust and mutual understanding in local communities (the study was carried out on a participatory basis during the facilitation of the British Counsil’s “Active Citizens”). Based on the use of the methodology of phenomenological and constructivist approaches, methods of participatory research, it was concluded that the relationship of trust is the essence of social work in the community and at the same time its purpose, mean, principle and resource, and in the context of professional activity, it is also an important competence
This article analyzes the specific and critical role of trust in scientists on both the support for and compliance with nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We exploit ...large-scale, longitudinal, and representative surveys for 12 countries over the period from March to December 2020, and we complement the analysis with experimental data. We find that trust in scientists is the key driving force behind individual support for and compliance with NPIs and for favorable attitudes toward vaccination. The effect of trust in government is more ambiguous and tends to diminish support for and compliance with NPIs in countries where the recommendations from scientists and the government were not aligned. Trust in others also has seemingly paradoxical effects: in countries where social trust is high, the support for NPIs is low due to higher expectations that others will voluntary social distance. Our individual-level longitudinal data also allows us to evaluate the effects of within-person changes in trust over the pandemic: we show that trust levels and, in particular, trust in scientists have changed dramatically for individuals and within countries, with important subsequent effects on compliant behavior and support for NPIs. Such findings point out the challenging but critical need to maintain trust in scientists during a lasting pandemic that strains citizens and governments.
Abstract Trust is one of the highly important concepts of consumer research; yet it is characterized by a striking lack of generalizations and consensus regarding the relative strength of its ...antecedents, consequences, and moderators. To close this important gap, the current research reports a comprehensive large-scale meta-analysis shedding light on a wide variety of the antecedents, consequences, and moderators of the individual consumer’s trust and their relative importance. Empirical generalizations are based on 2,147 effect sizes from 549 studies across 469 manuscripts in numerous disciplines, representing a total of 324,834 respondents in 71 countries over a five-decade span (1970–2020). The key findings are thus that (1) integrity-based (vs. reliability-based) antecedents are more effective in driving trust, and (2) trust is more effective in improving primarily attitudinal (vs. primarily behavioral) outcomes. Moderation analyses unpack further heterogeneity. Notably, both integrity-based and reliability-based antecedents have become stronger drivers of consumer trust in recent years. Theoretical and practical contributions are discussed in addition to advancing important future directions.
Children acquire extensive knowledge from others. Today, children receive information from not only people but also technological devices, like social robots. Two studies assessed whether young ...children appropriately trust technological informants. One hundred and four 3-year-olds learned the names of novel objects from either a pair of social robots or inanimate machines, where 1 informant was previously shown to be accurate and the other inaccurate. Children trusted information from an accurate social robot over an inaccurate one, as they have been shown to do for human informants, and even more so when they perceived the robots as having psychological agency. However, children did not learn selectively from inanimate, but accurate, machines. Children can learn from technological devices (e.g., social robots) but trust their information more when the device appears to have mindful agency.
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