Objective We report the immediate effects of the mobilization with movement (MWM） approach for a patient with limited belt-tying movement. Case presentation A woman in her 60s sustained multiple ...fractures in a fall. Her chief complaints were back pain, and pain during the belt-tying movement and elevation of the shoulder joint. Evaluation and treatment Contracture of the posterior inferior tissue of the shoulder joint and a deviated movement pattern of the trunk and scapula during the belt-tying movement were observed. Accordingly, MWM for internal rotation of the shoulder joint was carried out. Results Although the range of motion and muscle strength of the shoulder joint did not improve, the distance between the spinous process of the fifth lumbar vertebra and the thumb tip (L5-TD) increased from 5 cm to 19 cm, demonstrating a marked immediate effect. Conclusion MWM for internal rotation of the shoulder joint may be a useful intervention at the thoracic spine level for the belt-tying movement.
The aim of the study was to identify new biomarkers for acute tying-up in horses. Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken from 3 horses suffering from acute tying-up and 3 healthy horses. We performed 2D ...gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry for identification of proteins that are differentially expressed in tying-up. 2D gel electrophoresis of skeletal muscle sequential extracts yielded more than 350 protein spots on each gel, of which 14 were differentially expressed more than two-fold (
p
<
0.05). In-gel digestion followed by peptide mass fingerprinting enabled identification of three significantly increased proteins: alpha actin, tropomyosin alpha chain and creatine kinase M chain (CKM). CKM was represented by multiple spots probably due to posttranslational modification, one of which appeared to be unique for tying-up. Since changes in the rates of synthesis and degradation of proteins are likely to lead to pathological conditions, identification of differentially expressed proteins in acute tying-up might result in the finding of more specific diagnostic markers and in new hypotheses for the common mechanisms that result in this condition. Our findings point to a specific isoform of CKM as a novel biomarker for tying-up suggesting that altered energy distribution within muscle cells is part of the disease etiology
.
Belirli bir mal veya hizmet piyasasında doğrudan veya dolaylı şekilde rekabeti engelleme, bozma veya kısıtlama amacı bulunan ya da bu etkiyi meydana getiren veya meydana getirebilecek niteliğine ...sahip teşebbüsler arası uyumlu eylemler, gerek AB hukukunda gerekse Türk hukukunda yasaklanmıştır.Öncelikle uyumlu eylem kavramının tanımı, ikinci olarak uyumlu eylemlerin unsurlarının neler olduğu, sonrasında anlaşma ve uyumlu eylem ilişkisi, son olarak da uyumlu eylemin ispatına değinmek gerekmektedir.Uyumlu eylemler, teşebbüsler arasında bir anlaşmanın mevcut olduğu aşamaya varmamakla birlikte, rekabetin doğuracağı risklere yönelik meydana getirilen bir işbirliği veya koordinasyon şekli olarak tanımlanabilir.Uyumlu eylemin unsurları, teşebbüsler arasında gerçekleşmesi, teşebbüsler arasında bir bağlantının mevcut olması, bu bağlantıya dayanan paralel davranışların varlığı ve rekabetin sınırlanmasıdır.Uyumlu eylemler anlaşmalar ile kıyaslandığında daha az bağlayıcılığa sahiptir. Ayrıca uyumlu eylemler ve anlaşmalar arasında pratikte önemli bir fark bulunmamakta olup, her iki kavram da aynı amaca hizmet etmektedir.Uyumlu eylemin varlığının ispatı için hukuka aykırı olmamak şartı ile her türlü delile başvurmak mümkündür. Kural olarak rekabet hukukunda ispat yükü rekabet otoritelerindedir. RKHK m. 4 kapsamında ise uyumlu eylem karinesi öngörülmüş ve teşebbüslere uyumlu eylemde bulunmadıklarını ispatlama sorumluluğu yüklenmiştir.
Antitrust law is intended to protect consumer welfare and foster competition. At first glance, however, it is often unclear whether certain business practices have positive or detrimental effects. ...Businesses frequently engage in activities that may appear anticompetitive on the surface, but are actually beneficial to consumers. Business tying practices, for example, make the sale of one product conditional upon the sale of another product. This practice can either deprive consumers of choice and drive up prices or lower costs and improve convenience. Therefore, it is critical that policymakers have a keen understanding of which vertical restraints -limitations imposed on businesses by firms located in the production chain -are likely to harm consumers more than they benefit competition. In order to formulate economically efficient policies, they must be able to identify and limit those practices that are likely to do more harm than good. In Antitrust Policy and Vertical Restraintsa group of leading scholars takes a hard look at how restraints limit the conditions under which firms may purchase, sell, or resell a good or service. The authors, representing both sides of the antitrust debate over tying practices, provide a uniquely broad perspective on this critical economic policy issue. Contributors include Dennis Carlton (University of Chicago), David Evans (University College London), Bruce Kobayashi (George Mason University), and Michael Waldman (Cornell University).
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW Mohrman, Joel W.; Patty, R. Andrew; Kinard, C. Todd
Tort trial & insurance practice law journal,
09/2012, Letnik:
48, Številka:
1
Journal Article
16 Specifically, claims found patent eligible were those directed to isolated DNA sequences associated with predisposition to human breast and ovarian cancers, complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences ...which lacked certain introns found in natural cDNA, and methods for screening potential cancer therapeutics via changes in cell growth rates.17 The Federal Circuit reasoned that the Supreme Court's decision in Mayo v. Prometheus pertained to claimed processes, as opposed to composition of matter claims such as Myriad's.18 Moreover, in the court's view, the Myriad claims are directed to compositions admittedly derived from natural substances, as all substances ultimately are, but which are "markedly different" from the relevant products of nature, and are in fact products made only in a laboratory through the application of human ingenuity.19 As such, and in view of other Supreme Court precedent regarding nature-derived compositions of matter in Diamond v. Chakrabarty,20 the court held that the composition of matter claims remained patent eligible under §101, even in view of Mayo v. Prometheus.2 1 The Supreme Court has granted certiorari in part, on the question of whether isolated forms of human DNA can be patent eligible subject matter under 35 U.S.C. § 101.22 The case of Caraco Pharmaceutical Laboratories, Ltd. v. Novo Nordisk A/S2i presented the Supreme Court with a question of interpreting § 505 of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act.
In this paper, we propose a hybrid model adaptation approach in which pronunciation and acoustic models are adapted by incorporating the pronunciation and acoustic variabilities of non-native speech ...in order to improve the performance of non-native automatic speech recognition (ASR). Specifically, the proposed hybrid model adaptation can be performed at either the state-tying or triphone-modeling level, depending at which acoustic model adaptation is performed. In both methods, we first analyze the pronunciation variant rules of non-native speakers and then classify each rule as either a pronunciation variant or an acoustic variant. The state-tying level hybrid method then adapts pronunciation models and acoustic models by accommodating the pronunciation variants in the pronunciation dictionary and by clustering the states of triphone acoustic models using the acoustic variants, respectively. On the other hand, the triphone-modeling level hybrid method initially adapts pronunciation models in the same way as in the state-tying level hybrid method; however, for the acoustic model adaptation, the triphone acoustic models are then re-estimated based on the adapted pronunciation models and the states of the re-estimated triphone acoustic models are clustered using the acoustic variants. From the Korean-spoken English speech recognition experiments, it is shown that ASR systems employing the state-tying and triphone-modeling level adaptation methods can relatively reduce the average word error rates (WERs) by 17.1% and 22.1% for non-native speech, respectively, when compared to a baseline ASR system.
The double-twist knot Rolla, Paolo R.; Surace, Michele F.
Arthroscopy,
September 2002, 2002-9-00, Letnik:
18, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A safe and easy-to-tie sliding knot is necessary for arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears and glenoid labrum lesions. We describe the double-twist knot (DTK) technique, having tested the knot's ...tensile strength and compared it with other commonly used arthroscopic knots. The DTK is a modified Lark's head knot that can be tied only on a double suture. A No. 2 braided polyester suture was used to test the DKT against the Tennessee slider knot and Snyder's knot by means of a material testing system. Results showed a statistically significant (P < .001) higher tensile strength with the DTK than with the other 2 knots. The rationale for using a stitch with a double suture is to double the tensile strength while using the same number of surgical steps and operating time as with single-suture stitches.
Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 18, No 7 (September), 2002: pp 815–820
PDF
